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Characteristics of changes in double positive CD4 +CD8 + T cells in liver transplantation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109028. [PMID: 35803130 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although double positive CD4+CD8+ T (DPT) cells has been reported to be involved in some diseases, their trajectory and function as associated with liver transplantation (LT) remain unclear. In the present study, we found that the number of DPT cells was increased in the blood and liver tissue of LT patients. Meanwhile, we compared the distribution of DPT cells in peripheral blood samples and in penetrating liver tissue between liver rejection versus non-rejection patients, as well as the proportion of DPT cells as a function of the extent of liver rejection. The number of DPT cells in the rejection group was significantly increased. An analysis of the spatial distance and correlations between DPT and Treg cells, revealed that these cells showed a high degree of contiguity. In a mouse liver transplant model, the number of DPT cells were significantly increased in liver tissue, and the number of CD8+ T cells gradually increased, while CD4+ T cells decreased as a function of time post-transplantation. Expression level of PD-1 in DPT cells also increased in a temporally-dependent manner post liver transplantation and the changes of PD-1+ DPT cells were related to the degree of liver transplant rejection. In DPT cells interacting with Treg, there was an increased expression of PD-1, which enhanced cellular exhaustion. In conclusion, the capacity for DPT cells to induce immune tolerance may represent a new and important protocol for use in targeting treatments for the prevention of liver transplant rejection.
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Miggelbrink AM, Jackson JD, Lorrey SJ, Srinivasan ES, Waibl-Polania J, Wilkinson DS, Fecci PE. CD4 T-Cell Exhaustion: Does It Exist and What Are Its Roles in Cancer? Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5742-5752. [PMID: 34127507 PMCID: PMC8563372 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In chronic infections and in cancer, persistent antigen stimulation under suboptimal conditions can lead to the induction of T-cell exhaustion. Exhausted T cells are characterized by an increased expression of inhibitory markers and a progressive and hierarchical loss of function. Although cancer-induced exhaustion in CD8 T cells has been well-characterized and identified as a therapeutic target (i.e., via checkpoint inhibition), in-depth analyses of exhaustion in other immune cell types, including CD4 T cells, is wanting. While perhaps attributable to the contextual discovery of exhaustion amidst chronic viral infection, the lack of thorough inquiry into CD4 T-cell exhaustion is particularly surprising given their important role in orchestrating immune responses through T-helper and direct cytotoxic functions. Current work suggests that CD4 T-cell exhaustion may indeed be prevalent, and as CD4 T cells have been implicated in various disease pathologies, such exhaustion is likely to be clinically relevant. Defining phenotypic exhaustion in the various CD4 T-cell subsets and how it influences immune responses and disease severity will be crucial to understanding collective immune dysfunction in a variety of pathologies. In this review, we will discuss mechanistic and clinical evidence for CD4 T-cell exhaustion in cancer. Further insight into the derivation and manifestation of exhaustive processes in CD4 T cells could reveal novel therapeutic targets to abrogate CD4 T-cell exhaustion in cancer and induce a robust antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Miggelbrink
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joshua D. Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Selena J. Lorrey
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ethan S. Srinivasan
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jessica Waibl-Polania
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daniel S. Wilkinson
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Peter E. Fecci
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Corresponding Author: Peter E. Fecci, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Medical Center, DUMC Box 3050, Durham, NC 27705. Phone: 919–681–1010; E-mail:
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Raj R, Shenoy SJ, Mony MP, Pratheesh KV, Nair RS, Geetha CS, Sobhan PK, Purnima C, Anilkumar TV. Surface Modification of Polypropylene Mesh with a Porcine Cholecystic Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel for Mitigating Host Tissue Reaction. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3304-3319. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Raj
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Sachin J. Shenoy
- Division of In Vivo Models and Testing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Manjula P. Mony
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Kanakarajan V. Pratheesh
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Reshma S. Nair
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Chandrika S. Geetha
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Praveen K. Sobhan
- Division of Tissue Culture, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Chandramohanan Purnima
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Thapasimuthu V. Anilkumar
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research—Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala, Vithura 695551, India
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Controlling immune rejection is a fail-safe system against potential tumorigenicity after human iPSC-derived neural stem cell transplantation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116413. [PMID: 25706286 PMCID: PMC4338009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous work reported functional recovery after transplantation of mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (hiPSC-NS/PCs) into rodent models of spinal cord injury (SCI). Although hiPSC-NS/PCs proved useful for the treatment of SCI, the tumorigenicity of the transplanted cells must be resolved before they can be used in clinical applications. The current study sought to determine the feasibility of ablation of the tumors formed after hiPSC-NS/PC transplantation through immunoregulation. Tumorigenic hiPSC-NS/PCs were transplanted into the intact spinal cords of immunocompetent BALB/cA mice with or without immunosuppressant treatment. In vivo bioluminescence imaging was used to evaluate the chronological survival and growth of the transplanted cells. The graft survival rate was 0% in the group without immunosuppressants versus 100% in the group with immunosuppressants. Most of the mice that received immunosuppressants exhibited hind-limb paralysis owing to tumor growth at 3 months after iPSC-NS/PC transplantation. Histological analysis showed that the tumors shared certain characteristics with low-grade gliomas rather than with teratomas. After confirming the progression of the tumors in immunosuppressed mice, the immunosuppressant agents were discontinued, resulting in the complete rejection of iPSC-NS/PC-derived masses within 42 days after drug cessation. In accordance with the tumor rejection, hind-limb motor function was recovered in all of the mice. Moreover, infiltration of microglia and lymphocytes was observed during the course of tumor rejection, along with apoptosis of iPSC-NS/PC-generated cells. Thus, immune rejection can be used as a fail-safe system against potential tumorigenicity after transplantation of iPSC-NS/PCs to treat SCI.
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Tzeng YS, Wu SY, Peng YJ, Cheng CP, Tang SE, Huang KL, Chu SJ. Hypercapnic acidosis prolongs survival of skin allografts. J Surg Res 2014; 195:351-9. [PMID: 25577144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence reveals that hypercapnic acidosis (HCA) modulates immune responses. However, the effect of HCA on allogenic skin graft rejection is unknown. We examined whether HCA might improve skin graft survival in a mouse model of skin transplantation. METHODS A major histocompatibility-complex-incompatible BALB/c to C57BL/6 mouse skin transplantation model was used. Animals were divided into sham control, air, and HCA groups. Mice in the HCA group were exposed daily to 5% CO2 in air for 1 h. Skin grafts were harvested for histologic analyses. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation was determined in harvested draining lymph nodes. Spleen weights and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 were serially assessed after skin transplantation. RESULTS Skin allografts survived significantly longer in the HCA group of mice than those in the air group. Allografted mice in the air group underwent a 2.1-fold increase in spleen weight compared with a 1.1-fold increase in the mice with HCA on day 3. There were increased inflammatory cell infiltration, folliculitis, focal dermal-epidermal separation, and areas of epidermal necrosis in the air group that were reduced with HCA treatment. In the HCA group, CD8(+) T cell infiltration at day 7 decreased significantly but not CD4(+) T cell infiltration. In addition, HCA significantly suppressed serum tumor necrosis factor-α on days 1 and 3 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 on days 1 and 10. Furthermore, the HCA group had remarkably suppressed NF-κB activity in draining lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS HCA significantly prolonged the survival of incompatible skin allografts in mice by reducing proinflammatory cytokine production, immune cell infiltration, and NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Sheng Tzeng
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Wu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Pi Cheng
- Department and Graduate institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-En Tang
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Jye Chu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lee MK, Xu S, Fitzpatrick EH, Sharma A, Graves HL, Czerniecki BJ. Inhibition of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell function and conversion into Th1-like effectors by a Toll-like receptor-activated dendritic cell vaccine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74698. [PMID: 24244265 PMCID: PMC3823870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of vaccines against some microbial pathogens, their utility in the prevention and treatment of cancer has thus far been limited. We have previously demonstrated that vaccination with dendritic cells activated with the TLR-4 ligand LPS and IFN-γ promotes an antigen-specific anti-tumor response that prevents tumor recurrence. To evaluate this mechanistically, we here studied the effects of this TLR-activated DC on regulatory T cell activity. Dendritic cells activated with LPS and IFN- γ negated the effects of regulatory T cells on responder cell proliferation. Restoration of responder cell proliferation was noted when TLR-activated dendritic cells were separated from both regulators and responders by a semi-permeable membrane. The effect is therefore mediated by a soluble factor but was independent of both IL-6 and IL-12. Furthermore, the soluble mediator appeared to act at least in part on the regulators themselves rather than responder cells exclusively. Because recent studies have demonstrated conversion of T regulatory cells into IL-17-producing effectors, we further questioned whether the TLR-activated dendritic cell would induce cytokine production and effector function in our system. We found that regulators produced a substantial amount of IFN- γ in the presence of TLR-activated dendritic cells but not immature dendritic cells. IFN-γ production was associated with upregulation of the Th1 transcriptional regulator T-bet, and a significant fraction of IFN-γ-producing regulators coexpressed T-bet and FoxP3. While the effects of the LPS-activated dendritic cell on responder cell proliferation were IL-12 independent, upregulation of T-bet was inhibited by a neutralizing anti-IL-12 antibody. Collectively, these and prior data suggest that varying innate immune signals may direct the phenotype of the immune response in part by inhibiting suppressor T cells and promoting differentiation of these regulators into particular subsets of effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Major K. Lee
- Harrison Department of Surgical Research, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shuwen Xu
- Harrison Department of Surgical Research, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth H. Fitzpatrick
- Harrison Department of Surgical Research, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anupama Sharma
- Harrison Department of Surgical Research, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Holly L. Graves
- Harrison Department of Surgical Research, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Czerniecki
- Harrison Department of Surgical Research, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Luchetti S, Beck KD, Galvan MD, Silva R, Cummings BJ, Anderson AJ. Comparison of immunopathology and locomotor recovery in C57BL/6, BUB/BnJ, and NOD-SCID mice after contusion spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2010; 27:411-21. [PMID: 19831737 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2009.0930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of cell transplantation therapeutics in animal models of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) are often hampered by partial or complete rejection of the graft by the host. Pharmacological immunosuppression is rarely sufficient to prevent rejection. Further, the immunological niche created by both the host immune response and immunosuppressant drugs could hypothetically influence the proliferation, differentiation, and fate of transplanted progenitor/stem cells. To avoid these confounds, we have previously used the constitutively immunodeficient non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) mouse as a model for transplantation studies following SCI. In the current study, we compare behavioral and histological recovery in NOD-SCID, C57BL/6, and BUB/BnJ mice of both sexes to better facilitate interpretation of data from studies using NOD-SCID mice. Of the strains examined, NOD-SCID mice exhibited the greatest locomotor recovery in the open field; no sex differences were detected in locomotor recovery in any of the strains. Stereologic estimation of the number of infiltrated neutrophils showed more cells in C57BL/6 mice than NOD-SCID mice, with BUB/BnJ mice having an intermediate number. The volume of macrophages/microglia did not differ between strains or sexes, though more rostral-caudal spreading was observed in C57BL/6 and BUB/BnJ than NOD-SCID mice. No significant differences were detected in lesion volume. Taken together these findings demonstrate that relative to other strains, NOD-SCID mice have both similar primary lesion volume and cellular inflammatory parameters after SCI, and support the applicability of the model for neurotransplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Luchetti
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4540, USA
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