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Xu Y, Sun X, Tong Y. Interleukin-12 in multimodal tumor therapies for induction of anti-tumor immunity. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:170. [PMID: 38753073 PMCID: PMC11098992 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) can be used as an immunomodulator in cancer immunotherapy. And it has demonstrated enormous potential in inhibiting tumor growth and improving the tumor microenvironment (TME) by several preclinical models. However, some disappointing results have showed in the early clinical trials when IL-12 used as a single agent for systemic cancer therapy. Combination therapy is an effective way to significantly fulfill the great potential of IL-12 as an immunomodulator. Here, we discuss the effects of IL-12 combined with traditional methods (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery), targeted therapy or immunotherapy in the preclinical and clinical studies. Moreover, we summarized the potential mechanism underlying the anti-tumor effect of IL-12 in the combination strategies. And we also discussed the delivery methods and tumor-targeted modification of IL-12 and outlines future prospects for IL-12 as an immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Xu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 168 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueli Sun
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 168 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunguang Tong
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 168 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Omigen, Inc, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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Zarei M, Morowvat MH. Comparison of Five Escherichia coli Strains to Achieve the Maximum Yield of a Recombinant Immunotoxin Consisting of an Antibody against VEGF Conjugated with MAP30 Toxin in a Benchtop Bioreactor. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2024; 18:52-62. [PMID: 38205774 DOI: 10.2174/1872208317666230316111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide, imposing high costs on the health systems of all societies. Extensive biological studies are required to discover appropriate therapies. Escherichia coli has long been regarded as one of the main biotechnological bio-factories to produce recombinant protein-based therapeutics. In the present study, five strains of E. coli were compared to achieve the maximum production of a previously designed recombinant immunotoxin-carrying MAP30 toxin against VEGF-overexpressed cancer cells in a benchtop bioreactor. METHODS The recombinant immunotoxin coding gene sequence was extracted from the NCBI database. The host used to produce the recombinant immunotoxin were five E. coli strains of BL21 (DE3), DH5α, SHuffle®T7, XL1-Blue, and Rosetta-gamiTM (DE3). CaCl2 method was used for bacterial transformation. Bacterial growth measurements were performed using optical density measurements at 600 nm. The immunotoxin production was measured using SDS-PAGE analysis. The best-producing strain was cultivated in a 10-L benchtop stirred tank bioreactor. Recent patents on this field were also studied. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the BL21 (DE3) strain had the highest expression of recombinant protein in comparison to other strains. Moreover, the cell growth of E. coli BL21 (DE3) and SHuffle®T7 strains before transformation in the LB medium, were significantly higher in comparison to other strains. Additionally, the transformation of Rosettagami was associated with decreased cell proliferation. The transformation of the XL1-Blue strain did not effect cell growth. Analysis of the growth kinetics demonstrated appropriate proliferation of the transformed BL21 (DE3) cells in the laboratory benchtop bioreactor. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this study, the BL21 (DE3) strain could be used as a suitable host for the production of the recombinant immunotoxin against VEGF in stirred tank bioreactor, which can be employed for the treatment of tumors. Yet, its precise mechanism must be explored in extensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Zarei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
- Depatment of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Morowvat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
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Yin L, Fan Z, Liu P, Chen L, Guan Z, Liu Y, Luo Y. Anemoside A3 activates TLR4-dependent M1-phenotype macrophage polarization to represses breast tumor growth and angiogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 432:115755. [PMID: 34673087 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The polarization of macrophages has been previously demonstrated to be closely related to immune and inflammatory processes in the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer. In the present study, Anemoside A3 (A3), an active compound from Pulsatilla saponins, was screened out and polarized M0 macrophages into the classically activated macrophages (M1-phenotype). We found that A3 is an activator of TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. A3 increased the expression of CD86+ (a marker of M1 macrophage) in M0 macrophage, and increased the typical M1 macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, and IL-12 expression in a TLR4-dependent manner. A macrophage-cancer cell co-culture system was established to evaluate whether A3 can could switch tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to the M1-phenotype. In the co-culture system, A3 increased the expression of IL-12 in macrophages, whereby suppressing MCF-7 breast cancer cell line proliferation and VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. Moreover, A3 induced M1 macrophage polarization in the 4 T1 murine breast cancer model and effectively inhibited tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. Collectively, these findings indicated that A3 induced M1 macrophages polarization to repress breast tumorigenesis via targeting the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. This study provides a rationale for utilizing traditional Chinese medicine extracts in the immunotherapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation on Anti-tumor Effect of Chinese Medicine by Strengthening Body Resistance to Eliminate Pathogenic Factors, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zeping Fan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation on Anti-tumor Effect of Chinese Medicine by Strengthening Body Resistance to Eliminate Pathogenic Factors, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Peng Liu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation on Anti-tumor Effect of Chinese Medicine by Strengthening Body Resistance to Eliminate Pathogenic Factors, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lanying Chen
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation on Anti-tumor Effect of Chinese Medicine by Strengthening Body Resistance to Eliminate Pathogenic Factors, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Ziyi Guan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation on Anti-tumor Effect of Chinese Medicine by Strengthening Body Resistance to Eliminate Pathogenic Factors, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation on Anti-tumor Effect of Chinese Medicine by Strengthening Body Resistance to Eliminate Pathogenic Factors, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation on Anti-tumor Effect of Chinese Medicine by Strengthening Body Resistance to Eliminate Pathogenic Factors, Nanchang 330006, China
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Kułach N, Pilny E, Cichoń T, Czapla J, Jarosz-Biej M, Rusin M, Drzyzga A, Matuszczak S, Szala S, Smolarczyk R. Mesenchymal stromal cells as carriers of IL-12 reduce primary and metastatic tumors of murine melanoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18335. [PMID: 34526531 PMCID: PMC8443548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to immunosuppressive properties and confirmed tropism towards cancer cells mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been used in many trials. In our study we used these cells as carriers of IL-12 in the treatment of mice with primary and metastatic B16-F10 melanomas. IL-12 has confirmed anti-cancer activity, induces a strong immune response against cancer cells and acts as an anti-angiogenic agent. A major limitation of the use of IL-12 in therapy is its systemic toxicity. The aim of the work was to develop a system in which cytokine may be administered intravenously without toxic side effects. In this study MSC were used as carriers of the IL-12. We confirmed antitumor effectiveness of the cells secreting IL-12 (MSC/IL-12) in primary and metastatic murine melanoma models. We observed inhibition of tumor growth and a significant reduction in the number of metastases in mice after MSC/IL-12 administration. MSC/IL-12 decreased vascular density and increased the number of anticancer M1 macrophages and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in tumors of treated mice. To summarize, we showed that MSC are an effective, safe carrier of IL-12 cytokine. Administered systemically they exert therapeutic properties of IL-12 cytokine without toxicity. Therapeutic effect may be a result of pleiotropic (proinflammatory and anti-angiogenic) properties of IL-12 released by modified MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kułach
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pilny
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cichoń
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Justyna Czapla
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jarosz-Biej
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Rusin
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Alina Drzyzga
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sybilla Matuszczak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Stanisław Szala
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Smolarczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
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Smolarczyk R, Czapla J, Jarosz-Biej M, Czerwinski K, Cichoń T. Vascular disrupting agents in cancer therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173692. [PMID: 33130277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor blood vessel formation is a key process for tumor expansion. Tumor vessels are abnormal and differ from normal vessels in architecture and components. Besides oxygen and nutrients supply, the tumor vessels system, due to its abnormality, is responsible for: hypoxia formation, and metastatic routes. Tumor blood vessels can be a target of anti-cancer therapies. There are two types of therapies that target tumor vessels. The first one is the inhibition of the angiogenesis process. However, the inhibition is often ineffective because of alternative angiogenesis mechanism activation. The second type is a specific targeting of existing tumor blood vessels by vascular disruptive agents (VDAs). There are three groups of VDAs: microtubule destabilizing drugs, flavonoids with anti-vascular functions, and tumor vascular targeted drugs based on endothelial cell receptors. However, VDAs possess some limitations. They may be cardiotoxic and their application in therapy may leave viable residual, so called, rim cells on the edge of the tumor. However, it seems that a well-designed combination of VDAs with other anti-cancer drugs may bring a significant therapeutic effect. In this article, we describe three groups of vascular disruptive agents with their advantages and disadvantages. We mention VDAs clinical trials. Finally, we present the current possibilities of VDAs combination with other anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Smolarczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Justyna Czapla
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Jarosz-Biej
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Kyle Czerwinski
- University of Manitoba, Faculty of Science. 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Tomasz Cichoń
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
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Li P, Zhang H, Ji L, Wang Z. A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Studies on Therapeutic Strategies Using Interleukin-12 in Cancer Therapy and the Protective Role of Interleukin-12 in Hematological Recovery in Chemoradiotherapy. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923855. [PMID: 32811803 PMCID: PMC7453748 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12), a heterodimeric glycoprotein with α and β subunits covalently bonded with a disulfide bond, is a potent anticancer agent. Its action is accomplished through a linkage of the adaptive and innate immune responses. IL-12 can promote the recovery of the hematopoietic system after cancer chemoradiotherapy by stimulating the physiological processes of stem cells, including cell proliferation and differentiation, reconstitution of hematopoietic function, and peripheral blood count recovery. We review therapeutic strategies using IL-12 in clinical studies, including single-agent and combination strategies in hematological tumors and solid tumors, and studies on the protective effects of IL-12 in chemoradiotherapy. This review highlights promising therapeutic strategies based on the anticancer role of IL-12 and the potential protective effects of IL-12 for cancer patients receiving chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lina Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Heidary F, Gharebaghi R, Ghasemi H, Mahdavi MRV, Ghaffarpour S, Naghizadeh MM, Ghazanfari T. Angiogenesis modulatory factors in subjects with chronic ocular complications of Sulfur Mustard exposure: A case-control study. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105843. [PMID: 31629219 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ocular complications of Sulfur Mustard (SM) exposure leads to severe ocular morbidity during time. The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of Interleukin 17 (IL-17), IL-12, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D and nitric oxide (NO) in SM-exposed patients versus the control group and to measure tear concentration of VEGF-C only in the SM-exposed group. METHODS In this prospective case control, 128 SM-exposed patients and 31 healthy control subjects were included. In the case group ocular manifestations were classified to three subgroups of mild (19 cases), moderate (31 cases) and severe (78 cases) forms of disease. Serum levels of IL-17, IL-12, NO, VEGF-C and VEGF-D, in all subjects and tear concentration of VEGF-C in SM-exposed group was evaluated. RESULTS All subjects were male and mean ± standard deviation (SD) of age in the case and control groups were 44.9 ± 8.8 and 40.9 ± 10.1 years, respectively. Except for significantly lower serum level of IL-17 (p < 0.001) and NO (p = 0.003), other values were not significantly different. The tear concentration of VEGF-C and serum level of IL-12 were not different between subgroups in the SM-exposed group, yet were significantly lower among those with abnormally dilated and tortuous conjunctival vessels and corneal pannus, respectively (p = 0.01, p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to SM significantly reduced serum level of IL-17 and NO in the delayed phase, yet did not influence VEGF-C; VEGF-D or IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Heidary
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran 3319118651, Iran
| | - Reza Gharebaghi
- International Virtual Ophthalmic Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Ghasemi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shahed University, Tehran 3319118651, Iran
| | | | - Sara Ghaffarpour
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran 3319118651, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh
- Non Communicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa 7461686688, Iran
| | - Tooba Ghazanfari
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran 3319118651, Iran.
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Wang D, Hu L, Su M, Wang J, Xu T. Preparation and functional characterization of human vascular endothelial growth factor-melittin fusion protein with analysis of the antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1160-8. [PMID: 26166416 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor and its tyrosine kinase receptors have been identified as key mediators of the regulation of pathologic blood vessel growth and maintenance in the promotion of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Therefore, an alternative approach to destroying tumor endothelium would be to make this tissue particularly sensitive to VEGF-mediated drug delivery. To verify this hypothesis, we generated a protein containing VEGF165 fused to melittin. Melittin is a small linear peptide composed of 26 amino acid residues that can exert toxic or inhibitory effects on many types of tumor cells. This protein is a cytolytic peptide that attacks lipid membranes, leading to significant toxicity. In the present study, the Pichia pastoris expression system was used to express the fusion protein. Under optimal conditions, stable VEGF165-melittin production was achieved using a series of purification steps. The activity of VEGF165-melittin fusion protein was compared with melittin for its ability to suppress the growth of tumor cell line in vitro. The fusion toxin selectively inhibited growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cell line with high expression of VEGFR-2. We found that sensitivity of VEGFR-2 transfected 293 cells to VEGF165-melittin enhanced as the cellular VEGFR-2 density increased. In an in vivo initial experiment, the fusion protein inhibited tumor growth in xenografts assays. Furthermore, successful expression and characterization of the fusion protein demonstrated its efficacy for use as a novel treatment strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lili Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Manman Su
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Ju Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-engineering Medicine (National Engineering Research Centre of Genetic Medicine), Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Clinical Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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Jarosz-Biej M, Smolarczyk R, Cichoń T, Kułach N, Czapla J, Matuszczak S, Szala S. Combined Tumor Cell-Based Vaccination and Interleukin-12 Gene Therapy Polarizes the Tumor Microenvironment in Mice. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 63:451-64. [PMID: 25801067 PMCID: PMC4633448 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression depends on tumor milieu, which influences neovasculature formation and immunosuppression. Combining immunotherapy with antiangiogenic/antivascular therapy might be an effective therapeutic approach. The aim of our study was to elaborate an anticancer therapeutic strategy based on the induction of immune response which leads to polarization of tumor milieu. To achieve this, we developed a tumor cell-based vaccine. CAMEL peptide was used as a B16-F10 cell death-inducing agent. The lysates were used as a vaccine to immunize mice bearing B16-F10 melanoma tumors. To further improve the therapeutic effect of the vaccine, we combined it with interleukin (IL)-12 gene therapy. IL-12, a cytokine with antiangiogenic properties, activates nonspecific and specific immune responses. We observed that combined therapy is significantly more effective (as compared with monotherapies) in inhibiting tumor growth. Furthermore, the tested combination polarizes the tumor microenvironment, which results in a switch from a proangiogenic/immunosuppressive to an antiangiogenic/immunostimulatory one. The switch manifests itself as a decreased number of tumor blood vessels, increased levels of tumor-infiltrating CD4+, CD8+ and NK cells, as well as lower level of suppressor lymphocytes (Treg). Our results suggest that polarizing tumor milieu by such combined therapy does inhibit tumor growth and seems to be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jarosz-Biej
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Smolarczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cichoń
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Natalia Kułach
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxycology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Czapla
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sybilla Matuszczak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Stanisław Szala
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
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