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Zolfaghari Baghbadorani P, Rayati Damavandi A, Moradi S, Ahmadi M, Bemani P, Aria H, Mottedayyen H, Rayati Damavandi A, Eskandari N, Fathi F. Current advances in stem cell therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:613-633. [PMID: 36496351 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease related to the central nervous system (CNS) with a significant global burden. In this illness, the immune system plays an essential role in its pathophysiology and progression. The currently available treatments are not recognized as curable options and, at best, might slow the progression of MS injuries to the CNS. However, stem cell treatment has provided a new avenue for treating MS. Stem cells may enhance CNS healing and regulate immunological responses. Likewise, stem cells can come from various sources, including adipose, neuronal, bone marrow, and embryonic tissues. Choosing the optimal cell source for stem cell therapy is still a difficult verdict. A type of stem cell known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is obtainable from different sources and has a strong immunomodulatory impact on the immune system. According to mounting data, the umbilical cord and adipose tissue may serve as appropriate sources for the isolation of MSCs. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), as novel stem cell sources with immune-regulatory effects, regenerative properties, and decreased antigenicity, can also be thought of as a new upcoming contender for MS treatment. Overall, the administration of stem cells in different sets of animal and clinical trials has shown immunomodulatory and neuroprotective results. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the different types of stem cells by focusing on MSCs and their mechanisms, which can be used to treat and improve the outcomes of MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amirmasoud Rayati Damavandi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Exceptional Talents Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvrd, Vesal Shirazi St., Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Samira Moradi
- School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Chamran Blvrd., Hormozgan 7919693116, Bandar Abbass, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Zand St., Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Ibn Sina Sq., Fasa 7461686688, Iran
| | - Hossein Mottedayyen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Ravandi Blvrd, Isfahan, Kashan 8715988141, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Rayati Damavandi
- Student's Research Committee, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yakhchal St., Tehran 193951498, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Farshid Fathi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
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Damavandi AR, Mirmosayyeb O, Ebrahimi N, Zalpoor H, khalilian P, Yahiazadeh S, Eskandari N, Rahdar A, Kumar PS, Pandey S. Advances in nanotechnology versus stem cell therapy for the theranostics of multiple sclerosis disease. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Advanced approaches to regenerate spinal cord injury: The development of cell and tissue engineering therapy and combinational treatments. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112529. [PMID: 34906773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system (CNS) devastate event that is commonly caused by traumatic or non-traumatic events. The reinnervation of spinal cord axons is hampered through a myriad of devices counting on the damaged myelin, inflammation, glial scar, and defective inhibitory molecules. Unfortunately, an effective treatment to completely repair SCI and improve functional recovery has not been found. In this regard, strategies such as using cells, biomaterials, biomolecules, and drugs have been reported to be effective for SCI recovery. Furthermore, recent advances in combinatorial treatments, which address various aspects of SCI pathophysiology, provide optimistic outcomes for spinal cord regeneration. According to the global importance of SCI, the goal of this article review is to provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SCI, with an emphasis on the latest modes of intervention and current advanced approaches for the treatment of SCI, in conjunction with an assessment of combinatorial approaches in preclinical and clinical trials. So, this article can give scientists and clinicians' clues to help them better understand how to construct preclinical and clinical studies that could lead to a breakthrough in spinal cord regeneration.
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Ebrahimi T, Abasi M, Seifar F, Eyvazi S, Hejazi MS, Tarhriz V, Montazersaheb S. Transplantation of Stem Cells as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 16:133-144. [PMID: 32598273 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200628141314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are considered to have significant capacity to differentiate into various cell types in humans and animals. Unlike specialized cells, these cells can proliferate several times to produce millions of cells. Nowadays, pluripotent stem cells are important candidates to provide a renewable source for the replacement of cells in tissues of interest. The damage to neurons and glial cells in the brain or spinal cord is present in neurological disorders such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, spinal cord injury, lysosomal storage disorder, epilepsy, and glioblastoma. Therefore, stem cell transplantation can be used as a novel therapeutic approach in cases of brain and spinal cord damage. Recently, researchers have generated neuron-like cells and glial-like cells from embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and neural stem cells. In addition, several experimental studies have been performed for developing stem cell transplantation in brain tissue. Herein, we focus on stem cell therapy to regenerate injured tissue resulting from neurological diseases and then discuss possible differentiation pathways of stem cells to the renewal of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Ebrahimi
- Department of Biotechnology research center, Pasteur institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Abasi
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Seifar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Aging Research institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Eyvazi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammas Saeid Hejazi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Liu Y, Ma Y, Du B, Wang Y, Yang GY, Bi X. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuated Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption via Downregulation of Aquaporin-4 Expression in EAE Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3891-3901. [PMID: 32613467 PMCID: PMC7399688 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier disruption is one of the hallmarks of multiple sclerosis. Mesenchymal stem cells showed great potential for the multiple sclerosis therapy. However, the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells transplantation protected blood-brain barrier integrity and further explored possible underlying mechanisms. Adult female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide33-55 (MOG33-55) to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Mesenchymal stem cells (5 × 105) were transplanted via tail vein at disease onset. In the cell culture, we examined lipopolysaccharide-induced AQP4 upregulation in astrocytes. Results indicated that mesenchymal stem cells therapy improved neurobehavioral outcomes in EAE mice, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, IgG protein leakage, and demyelination in spinal cord. Mesenchymal stem cells therapy also increased tight junction protein expression. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells downregulated AQP4 and A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) expression in EAE mice in spinal cord. We found that MSCs-conditioned medium (MCM) reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, AQP4 and A2BAR in lipopolysaccharide-activated astrocytes. BAY-60-6583 (a selective A2BAR agonist) reversed the MCM-induced AQP4 downregulation and increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Furthermore, the upregulation effects of A2BAR agonist were eliminated when treated with p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Thus, we concluded that mesenchymal stem cells alleviated blood-brain barrier disruption by downregulating AQP4 in multiple sclerosis, possibly through inhibiting the A2BAR/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Our work suggests that mesenchymal stem cells exert beneficial effect through maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity in EAE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bingying Du
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Xiaoying Bi
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Identifying the Therapeutic Significance of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051145. [PMID: 32384763 PMCID: PMC7291143 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic behavior of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has gained global attention due to their immense potential for immunosuppression and their therapeutic role in immune disorders. MSCs migrate towards inflamed microenvironments, produce anti-inflammatory cytokines and conceal themselves from the innate immune system. These signatures are the reason for the uprising in the sciences of cellular therapy in the last decades. Irrespective of their therapeutic role in immune disorders, some factors limit beneficial effects such as inconsistency of cell characteristics, erratic protocols, deviating dosages, and diverse transfusion patterns. Conclusive protocols for cell culture, differentiation, expansion, and cryopreservation of MSCs are of the utmost importance for a better understanding of MSCs in therapeutic applications. In this review, we address the immunomodulatory properties and immunosuppressive actions of MSCs. Also, we sum up the results of the enhancement, utilization, and therapeutic responses of MSCs in treating inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders and diabetes.
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7
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Andrejew R, Glaser T, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Ribeiro D, Godoy M, Granato A, Ulrich H. Targeting Purinergic Signaling and Cell Therapy in Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1201:275-353. [PMID: 31898792 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular purines exert several functions in physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. ATP acts through P2 receptors as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator and modulates heart contractility, while adenosine participates in neurotransmission, blood pressure, and many other mechanisms. Because of their capability to differentiate into mature cell types, they provide a unique therapeutic strategy for regenerating damaged tissue, such as in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Purinergic signaling is pivotal for controlling stem cell differentiation and phenotype determination. Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of stem cells of various origins are regulated by purinergic receptors. In this chapter, we selected neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases with clinical trials using cell therapy and purinergic receptor targeting. We discuss these approaches as therapeutic alternatives to neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. For instance, promising results were demonstrated in the utilization of mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells in vascular regeneration. Regarding neurodegenerative diseases, in general, P2X7 and A2A receptors mostly worsen the degenerative state. Stem cell-based therapy, mainly through mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells, showed promising results in improving symptoms caused by neurodegeneration. We propose that purinergic receptor activity regulation combined with stem cells could enhance proliferative and differentiation rates as well as cell engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Andrejew
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ágatha Oliveira-Giacomelli
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deidiane Ribeiro
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Godoy
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Granato
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Mansoor SR, Zabihi E, Ghasemi-Kasman M. The potential use of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Life Sci 2019; 235:116830. [PMID: 31487529 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). In attempt to identify an appropriate treatment for improving the neurological symptoms and remyelination process, autologous and allogenic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been introduced as an effective therapeutic strategy in MS. MSCs are a heterogeneous subset of pluripotent non-hematopoietic stromal cells that are isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, placenta and other sources. MSCs have considerable therapeutic effects due to their ability in differentiation, migration, immune-modulation and neuroregeneration. To date, numerous experimental and clinical studies demonstrated that MSCs therapy improves the CNS repair and modulates functional neurological symptoms. Here, we provided an overview of the current knowledge about the clinical applications of MSCs in MS. Furthermore, the major challenges and risks of MSCs therapy in MS patients have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Rostami Mansoor
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Zabihi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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9
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Qi Y, Ma J, Li S, Liu W. Applicability of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:274. [PMID: 31455405 PMCID: PMC6712852 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is mainly characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and impaired insulin secretion. The chronic inflammatory process contributed to IR and could also hamper pancreatic β cell function. However, currently applied treatment cannot reverse β cell damage or alleviate inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the cell-based therapy for their self-renewable, differentiation potential, and immunosuppressive properties, have been demonstrated in displaying therapeutic effects in T2DM. Adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) attracted more attention due to less harvested inconvenience and ethical issues commonly accompany with bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and fetal annex-derived MSCs. Both AD-MSC therapy studies and mechanism explorations in T2DM animals presented that AD-MSCs could translate to clinical application. However, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and metabolic disturbance in T2DM are crucial for impairment of AD-MSC function, which may limit the therapeutical effects of MSCs. This review focuses on the outcomes and the molecular mechanisms of MSC therapies in T2DM which light up the hope of AD-MSCs as an innovative strategy to cure T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Qi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160# Pujian Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160# Pujian Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shengxian Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160# Pujian Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160# Pujian Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Human intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of autologous, non-engineered, adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF) for neurodegenerative disorders: results of a 3-year phase 1 study of 113 injections in 31 patients. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5257-5272. [PMID: 31327120 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have chosen to test the safety of human intracerebroventricular (ICV) brain injections of autologous non-genetically-modified adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF). In this IRB-approved trial, 24 patients received ICV ADSVF via an implanted reservoir between 5/22/14 and 5/22/17. Seven others were injected via their ventriculo-peritoneal shunts. Ten patients had Alzheimer's disease (AD), 6 had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 6 had progressive multiple sclerosis (MS-P), 6 had Parkinson's "Plus" (PD+), 1 had spinal cord injury, 1 had traumatic brain injury, and 1 had stroke. Median age was 74 (range 41-83). Injections were planned every 2-3 months. Thirty-one patients had 113 injections. Patients received SVF injection volumes of 3.5-20 cc (median:4 cc) containing 4.05 × 105 to 6.2 × 107 cells/cc, which contained an average of 8% hematopoietic and 7.5% adipose stem cells. Follow-up ranged from 0 to 36 months (median: 9.2 months). MRIs post injection(s) were unchanged, except for one AD patient whose hippocampal volume increased from < 5th percentile to 48th percentile (NeuroQuant® volumetric MRI). Of the 10 AD patients, 8 were stable or improved in tests of cognition. Two showed improvement in P-tau and ß-amyloid levels. Of the 6 MS-P patients all are stable or improved. Four of 6 ALS patients died of disease progression. Twelve of 111 injections (11%) led to 1-4 days of transient meningismus, and mild temperature elevation, which resolved with acetaminophen and/or dexamethasone. Two (1.8% of injections) required hospitalization for these symptoms. One patient (0.9% of injections) had his reservoir removed and later replaced for presumed infection. In this Phase 1 safety trial, ADSVF was safely injected into the human brain ventricular system in patients with no other treatment options. Secondary endpoints of clinical improvement or stability were particularly promising in the AD and MS-P groups. These results will be submitted for a Phase 2 FDA-approved trial.
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11
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Sherman LS, Romagano MP, Williams SF, Rameshwar P. Mesenchymal stem cell therapies in brain disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 95:111-119. [PMID: 30922957 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As treatments for diseases throughout the body progress, treatment for many brain diseases has been at a standstill due to difficulties in drug delivery. While new drugs are being discovered in vitro, these therapies are often hindered by inefficient tissue distribution and, more commonly, an inability to cross the blood brain barrier. Mesenchymal stem cells are thus being investigated as a delivery tool to directly target therapies to the brain to treat wide array of brain diseases. This review discusses the use of mesenchymal stem cells in hypoxic disease (hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy), an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease (multiple sclerosis), and a malignant condition (glioma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Sherman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA; School of Graduate Studies, Biomedical Sciences Programs - Newark, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew P Romagano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Shauna F Williams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA.
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12
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3675627. [PMID: 30956667 PMCID: PMC6431432 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3675627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons. Patients show both motor and extra-motor symptoms. A cure is not available at this time, and the disease leads to death within 3-5 years, mainly due to respiratory failure. Stem cell therapy is arising as a new promising approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seem the most suitable type of stem cells, thanks to their demonstrated beneficial effects in different experimental models, to the easy availability, and to the lack of ethical problems. In this review, we focused on the studies involving ALS rodent models and clinical trials in order to understand the potential beneficial effects of MSC transplantation. In different ALS rodent models, the administration of MSCs induced a delay in disease progression and at least a partial recovery of the motor function. In addition, clinical trials evidenced the feasibility and safety of MSC transplantation in ALS patients, given that no major adverse events were recorded. However, only partial improvements were shown. For this reason, more studies and trials are needed to clarify the real effectiveness of MSC-based therapy in ALS.
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13
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Yousefi F, Lavi Arab F, Saeidi K, Amiri H, Mahmoudi M. Various strategies to improve efficacy of stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis: Focus on mesenchymal stem cells and neuroprotection. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 328:20-34. [PMID: 30557687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which predominantly affect young adults and undergo heavy socioeconomic burdens. Conventional therapeutic modalities for MS mostly downregulate aggressive immune responses and are almost insufficient for management of progressive course of the disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to both immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties have been known as practical cells for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like MS. However, clinical translation of MSCs is associated with some limitations such as short-life engraftment duration, little in vivo trans-differentiation and restricted accessibility into damaged sites. Therefore, laboratory manipulation of MSCs can improve efficacy of MSCs transplantation in MS patients. In this review, we discuss several novel approaches, which can potentially enhance MSCs capabilities for treating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Lavi Arab
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kolsoum Saeidi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Houshang Amiri
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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Genc B, Bozan HR, Genc S, Genc K. Stem Cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1084:145-174. [PMID: 30039439 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by demyelination and neuronal loss that is induced by attack of autoreactive T cells to the myelin sheath and endogenous remyelination failure, eventually leading to functional neurological disability. Although recent evidence suggests that MS relapses are induced by environmental and exogenous triggers such as viral infections in a genetic background, its very complex pathogenesis is not completely understood. Therefore, the efficiency of current immunosuppression-based therapies of MS is too low, and emerging disease-modifying immunomodulatory agents such as fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate cannot stop progressive neurodegenerative process. Thus, the cell replacement therapy approach that aims to overcome neuronal cell loss and remyelination failure and to increase endogenous myelin repair capacity is considered as an alternative treatment option. A wide variety of preclinical studies, using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of MS, have recently shown that grafted cells with different origins including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural precursor and stem cells, and induced-pluripotent stem cells have the ability to repair CNS lesions and to recover functional neurological deficits. The results of ongoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell therapy studies, with the advantage of peripheral administration to the patients, have suggested that cell replacement therapy is also a feasible option for immunomodulatory treatment of MS. In this chapter, we overview cell sources and applications of the stem cell therapy for treatment of MS. We also discuss challenges including those associated with administration route, immune responses to grafted cells, integration of these cells to existing neural circuits, and risk of tumor growth. Finally, future prospects of stem cell therapy for MS are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilgesu Genc
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hemdem Rodi Bozan
- School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sermin Genc
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kursad Genc
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey.
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Giacoppo S, Thangavelu SR, Diomede F, Bramanti P, Conti P, Trubiani O, Mazzon E. Anti-inflammatory effects of hypoxia-preconditioned human periodontal ligament cell secretome in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis: a key role of IL-37. FASEB J 2017; 31:5592-5608. [PMID: 28842429 PMCID: PMC5690382 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700524r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has widely investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their secretory products, termed the secretome, in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The present study examined the capacity of the conditioned medium (CM) from human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPLSCs) under hypoxia (H-hPDLSCs-CM) to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS. To induce EAE, female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein peptide35–55. At the onset of symptoms, H-hPDLSCs-CM was infused via the tail vein of mice. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of H-hPDLSCs-CM treatment in diminishing clinical and histologic disease score. A key finding from this study is the marked expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-37, paralleled by the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines in mice with EAE that were treated with H-hPDLSCs-CM. In addition, a consequent modulation of oxidative stress, autophagic, and apoptotic markers was observed in mice with EAE after hPDLSCs-CM administration. In addition, to provide additional evidence of the molecular mechanisms that underlie H-hPDLSCs-CM, we investigated its therapeutic action in scratch injury–exposed NSC-34 neurons, an in vitro model of injury. This model reproduces severe inflammation and oxidative stress conditions as observed after EAE damage. In vitro results corroborate the ability of hPDLSCs-CM to modulate inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptotic pathways. Taken together, our findings suggest H-hPDLSCs-CM as a new pharmacologic opportunity for the management of MS.—Giacoppo, S., Thangavelu, S. R., Diomede, F., Bramanti, P., Conti, P., Trubiani, O., Mazzon, E. Anti-inflammatory effects of hypoxia-preconditioned human periodontal ligament cell secretome in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis: a key role of IL-37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Giacoppo
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Contrada Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Soundara Rajan Thangavelu
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Contrada Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Placido Bramanti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Contrada Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Pio Conti
- Immunology Division, Postgraduate Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Contrada Casazza, Messina, Italy;
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