Desloratadine Ameliorates Olfactory Disorder and Suppresses AMPA Receptor GluA1 Expression in Allergic Rhinitis Rat

Recent advances in understanding the effects of T lymphocytes on mucosal barrier function in allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is a non-infectious chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa that affects T cells and their cytokines. T cells play significant roles in the development of allergic inflammatory diseases by orchestrating mechanisms underlying innate and adaptive immunity. Although many studies on allergic rhinitis have focused on helper T cells, molecular makeup, and pathogenesis-related transduction pathways, pathological mechanisms have not yet been completely explored. Recent studies have suggested that T cell status may play an important role in the interaction between T cells and the nasal mucosal barrier in allergic rhinitis. This study aimed to explore the interactions between T cells and nasal mucosal barriers in allergic rhinitis and to review the therapeutic modalities of pertinent biological agents involving T cells.

Ameliorative effect of desloratadine against cisplatin-induced renal and testicular toxicity in rats: Attention to TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway

Cisplatin (CIS) is a potent anticancer drug that is used in the treatment of different types of cancer. Owing to its serious side effects, its clinical use is considerably limited.

AIMS

This study was mapped to investigate the potential effects of desloratadine (DES) against CIS-induced nephrotoxicity and testicular injury.

MAIN METHODS

DES (5 and 10 mg/kg) was orally administered for 10 days, and CIS was injected once (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in adult male rats on day 9 to induce both renal and testicular toxicity.

KEY FINDINGS

DES significantly attenuated CIS-induced alterations in histopathology and biomarkers. DES resulted in a significant reduction in serum levels of creatinine (Cr), urea, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), in addition to a marked decrease in urinary levels of albumin and total protein. Additionally, DES efficiently reinstated the oxidative balance by preventing the elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and increasing glutathione (GSH) levels. Moreover, DES produced a profound decrease in renal and testicular levels of nucleotide-binding domain-(NOD) like receptor 3 (NLRP3), interleukin (IL)-1β, and caspase-1 when compared to the CIS group. Furthermore, DES significantly decreased CIS-induced elevation in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) levels in both renal and testicular tissues.

SIGNIFICANCE

DES can be used as adjuvant therapy with CIS in cancerous cases, pending further clinical studies.

IL2-inducible T-cell kinase inhibitor ibrutinib reduces symptoms and Th2 differentiation in mouse allergic-rhinitis model

Th2 and Th17 immune response contribute to allergic rhinitis (AR) development. Targeting Th2 and Th17 response has been shown to ameliorate AR. Ibrutinib is an inhibitor for IL2-inducible T-cell kinase, which can promote Th2 and Th17 immune response. We sought to investigate the effect of ibrutinib on AR and the underlying mechanisms. We established house dust mite-induced AR mouse model and treated AR mice with ibrutinib. The symptoms of AR, serum level of immunoglobulin E, percentage of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg in nasal lymphoid tissues were monitored. We also established in vitro T cell differentiation cell culture model. The T cells were treated with ibrutinib and the expression of specific transcriptional factors and cytokines was measured. The activation of PLC-γ1/calcium/NFAT2 signaling pathway was detected. Ibrutinib treatment had no effects on the development of lymphocytes and myeloid cells, but alleviated AR symptoms and decreased Th2 cell population in nasal lymphoid tissue. Meanwhile, iburitnib suppressed Th2 and Th17 differentiation in vitro. Moreover, iburitnib prevented phosphorylation of PLC-γ1and nuclear translocation of NFAT2 in Th2 cells. Our results suggested that ibrutinib could ameliorate AR symptoms through suppression of Th2 differentiation in AR mouse model.