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Jiang K, Xu Y, Wang Y, Yin N, Huang F, Chen M. Unveiling the role of IL-17: Therapeutic insights and cardiovascular implications. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 77:91-103. [PMID: 38735805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a pivotal cytokine in immune regulation, has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its roles in various physiological and pathological processes. This review explores IL-17 in immunological context, emphasizing its structure, production, and signaling pathways. Specifically, we explore its involvement in inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases, with a notable focus on its emerging implications in cardiovascular system. Through an array of research insights, IL-17 displays multifaceted functions yet awaiting comprehensive discovery. Highlighting therapeutic avenues, we scrutinize the efficacy and clinical application of four marketed IL-17 mAbs along other targeted therapies, emphasizing their potential in immune-mediated disease management. Additionally, we discussed the novel IL-17D-CD93 axis, elucidating recent breakthroughs in their biological function and clinical implications, inviting prospects for transformative advancements in immunology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjiani Xu
- Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanhao Yin
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangyang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Qu J, Lin L, Fu G, Zheng M, Geng J, Sun X, Xing L. The analysis of multiple omics and examination of pathological images revealed the prognostic and therapeutic significances of CD93 in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Life Sci 2024; 339:122422. [PMID: 38224815 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
As a potent pro-angiogenic factor, the role of CD93 in the prognosis and therapeutic outcomes of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) merits exploration. In this study, we systematically collected transcriptomic, genomic, and clinical data from various public databases, as well as pathological images from hospital-operated patients. Employing statistical analysis software like R (Version 4.2.2) and GraphPad (Version 8.0), we conducted comprehensive analyses of multi-omics data. The results revealed elevated CD93 expression in LUSC tissues, closely associated with various cancer-related pathways. High CD93 expression indicated advanced clinical stage and poorer prognosis. Furthermore, CD93 contributed to resistance against chemotherapy and immunotherapy by enhancing tumor cell stemness, reducing immune cell infiltration, and inducing T cell exhaustion. Patients with low CD93 expression exhibited higher response rates to both chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Immunohistochemistry validated the significance of CD93 in LUSC. CD93 emerges as a biomarker signaling unfavorable prognosis and influencing therapeutic outcomes, suggesting a potential LUSC treatment avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Qu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Guangming Fu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaxiao Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaorong Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China.
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China.
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Chia TY, Billingham LK, Boland L, Katz JL, Arrieta VA, Shireman J, Rosas AL, DeLay SL, Zillinger K, Geng Y, Kruger J, Silvers C, Wang H, Vazquez Cervantes GI, Hou D, Wang S, Wan H, Sonabend A, Zhang P, Lee-Chang C, Miska J. The CXCL16-CXCR6 axis in glioblastoma modulates T-cell activity in a spatiotemporal context. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1331287. [PMID: 38299146 PMCID: PMC10827847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1331287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) pathobiology is characterized by its significant induction of immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment, predominantly mediated by immunosuppressive tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs). Myeloid cells play a pivotal role in shaping the GBM microenvironment and influencing immune responses, with direct interactions with effector immune cells critically impacting these processes. Methods Our study investigates the role of the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis in T-cell myeloid interactions within GBM tissues. We examined the surface expression of CXCL16, revealing its limitation to TAMCs, while microglia release CXCL16 as a cytokine. The study explores how these distinct expression patterns affect T-cell engagement, focusing on the consequences for T-cell function within the tumor environment. Additionally, we assessed the significance of CXCR6 expression in T-cell activation and the initial migration to tumor tissues. Results Our data demonstrates that CXCL16 surface expression on TAMCs results in predominant T-cell engagement with these cells, leading to impaired T-cell function within the tumor environment. Conversely, our findings highlight the essential role of CXCR6 expression in facilitating T-cell activation and initial migration to tumor tissues. The CXCL16-CXCR6 axis exhibits dualistic characteristics, facilitating the early stages of the T-cell immune response and promoting T-cell infiltration into tumors. However, once inside the tumor, this axis contributes to immunosuppression. Discussion The dual nature of the CXCL16-CXCR6 axis underscores its potential as a therapeutic target in GBM. However, our results emphasize the importance of carefully considering the timing and context of intervention. While targeting this axis holds promise in combating GBM, the complex interplay between TAMCs, microglia, and T cells suggests that intervention strategies need to be tailored to optimize the balance between promoting antitumor immunity and preventing immunosuppression within the dynamic tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yi Chia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leah K. Billingham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lauren Boland
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joshua L. Katz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Victor A. Arrieta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jack Shireman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aurora-Lopez Rosas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Susan L. DeLay
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kaylee Zillinger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yuheng Geng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeandre Kruger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Caylee Silvers
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hanxiang Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gustavo Ignacio Vazquez Cervantes
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David Hou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Si Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hanxiao Wan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Adam Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Li Y, Fu L, Wu B, Guo X, Shi Y, Lv C, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Liang Z, Zhong C, Han S, Xu F, Tian Y. Angiogenesis modulated by CD93 and its natural ligands IGFBP7 and MMRN2: a new target to facilitate solid tumor therapy by vasculature normalization. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:189. [PMID: 37660019 PMCID: PMC10474740 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor vasculature was different from the normal vasculature in both function and morphology, which caused hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Previous anti-angiogenesis therapy had led to a modest improvement in cancer immunotherapy. However, antiangiogenic therapy only benefitted a few patients and caused many side effects. Therefore, there was still a need to develop a new approach to affect tumor vasculature formation. The CD93 receptor expressed on the surface of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and its natural ligands, MMRN2 and IGFBP7, were now considered potential targets in the antiangiogenic treatment because recent studies had reported that anti-CD93 could normalize the tumor vasculature without impacting normal blood vessels. Here, we reviewed recent studies on the role of CD93, IGFBP7, and MMRN2 in angiogenesis. We focused on revealing the interaction between IGFBP7-CD93 and MMRN2-CD93 and the signaling cascaded impacted by CD93, IGFBP7, and MMRN2 during the angiogenesis process. We also reviewed retrospective studies on CD93, IGFBP7, and MMRN2 expression and their relationship with clinical factors. In conclusion, CD93 was a promising target for normalizing the tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Baokang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhiyun Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chongli Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shukun Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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Zhou J, Qiao ML, Jahejo AR, Han XY, Wang P, Wang Y, Ren JL, Niu S, Zhao YJ, Zhang D, Bi YH, Wang QH, Si LL, Fan RW, Shang GJ, Tian WX. Effect of Avian Influenza Virus subtype H9N2 on the expression of complement-associated genes in chicken erythrocytes. Br Poult Sci 2023:1-9. [PMID: 36939295 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2191308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus can infect both chickens and humans. Previous studies have reported a role for erythrocytes in immunity. However, the role of H9N2 against chicken erythrocytes and the presence of complement-related genes in erythrocytes has not been studied. This research investigated the effect of H9N2 on complement-associated gene expression in chicken erythrocytes. The expression of complement-associated genes (C1s, C1q, C2, C3, C3ar1, C4, C4a, C5, C5ar1, C7, CD93 and CFD) was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyse the differential expression of complement-associated genes in chicken erythrocytes at 0 h, 2 h, 6 h and 10 h after the interaction between H9N2 virus and chicken erythrocytes in vitro and 3, 7 and 14 d after H9N2 virus nasal infection of chicks. Expression levels of C1q, C4, C1s, C2, C3, C5, C7 and CD93 were significantly up-regulated at 2 h and significantly down-regulated at 10 h. Gene expression levels of C1q, C3ar1, C4a, CFD and C5ar1 were seen to be different at each time point. The expression levels of C1q, C4, C1s, C2, C3, C5, C7, CFD, C3ar1, C4a and C5ar1 were significantly up-regulated at 7 d and the gene expression of levels of C3, CD93 and C5ar1 were seen to be different at each time point. The results confirmed that all the complement-associated genes were expressed in chicken erythrocytes and showed the H9N2 virus interaction with chicken erythrocytes and subsequent regulation of chicken erythrocyte complement-associated genes expression. This study reported, for the first time, the relationship between H9N2 and complement system of chicken erythrocytes, which will provide a foundation for further research into the prevention and control of H9N2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of protein structure determination, Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - M L Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of protein structure determination, Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - A R Jahejo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of protein structure determination, Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - X Y Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of protein structure determination, Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - P Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of protein structure determination, Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - Y Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of protein structure determination, Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - J L Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of protein structure determination, Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - S Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of protein structure determination, Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - Y J Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of protein structure determination, Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - D Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of protein structure determination, Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - Y H Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Q H Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L L Si
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - R W Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of protein structure determination, Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - G J Shang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of protein structure determination, Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - W X Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of protein structure determination, Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
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Liu S, Liu F, Zhang Z, Zhuang Z, Yuan X, Chen Y. The SELP, CD93, IL2RG, and VAV1 Genes Associated with Atherosclerosis May Be Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Psoriasis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:827-843. [PMID: 36876153 PMCID: PMC9983575 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s398862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Psoriasis and atherosclerosis are immunometabolic diseases. This study aimed to integrate bioinformatics and updated public resources to find potential biological markers associated with atherosclerosis that can cause psoriasis. Patients and Methods Microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, and functional enrichment analysis was performed. We identified psoriasis and atherosclerosis common immune-related genes (PA-IRGs) by overlapping immune-related genes (IRGs) with genes in the module most associated with psoriasis and atherosclerosis obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNAs). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was conducted to evaluate the predictive ability. The skin expression levels of diagnostic biomarkers were further verified by immunohistochemical staining. CIBERSORT, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and Pearson's correlation analysis were applied to evaluate immune and lipid metabolism relationships in psoriatic tissues. In addition, a lincRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed to find the pathogenesis in which diagnostic markers may be involved. Results Four PA-IRGs (SELP, CD93, IL2RG, and VAV1) demonstrated the optimal diagnostic value, with an AUC above 0.8. The immune cell infiltration analysis showed that dendritic resting cells, NK cell activation, neutrophils, macrophages M2, macrophages M0, and B-cell memory were highly abundant in psoriasis. Immune response analysis showed that TNF family members, chemokine receptors, interferons, natural killer cells, and TGF-β family members might be involved in psoriasis. Diagnostic biomarkers are strongly associated with various infiltrating immune cells, immune responses, and lipid metabolism. A lincRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network consisting of 31 lincRNAs and 23 miRNAs was constructed. LINC00662 is involved in modulating four diagnostic biomarkers. Conclusion This study identified atherosclerosis-related genes SELP, CD93, VAV1, and IL2RG as potential psoriasis diagnostic markers. Provide novel insights into the possible regulatory mechanisms involved in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shougang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghua Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqiao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhuang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqing Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
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Zhao L, Liu H, Wang Y, Wang S, Xun D, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Zhang B. Multimodal Identification by Transcriptomics and Multiscale Bioassays of Active Components in Xuanfeibaidu Formula to Suppress Macrophage-Mediated Immune Response. ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 20:63-76. [PMID: 34815890 PMCID: PMC8601788 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Xuanfeibaidu Formula (XFBD) is a Chinese medicine used in the clinical treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Although XFBD has exhibited significant therapeutic efficacy in clinical practice, its underlying pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. Here, we combine a comprehensive research approach that includes network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and bioassays in multiple model systems to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of XFBD and its bioactive substances. High-resolution mass spectrometry was combined with molecular networking to profile the major active substances in XFBD. A total of 104 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized, including flavonoids, terpenes, carboxylic acids, and other types of constituents. Based on the chemical composition of XFBD, a network pharmacology-based analysis identified inflammation-related pathways as primary targets. Thus, we examined the anti-inflammation activity of XFBD in a lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation mice model. XFBD significantly alleviated pulmonary inflammation and decreased the level of serum proinflammatory cytokines. Transcriptomic profiling suggested that genes related to macrophage function were differently expressed after XFBD treatment. Consequently, the effects of XFBD on macrophage activation and mobilization were investigated in a macrophage cell line and a zebrafish wounding model. XFBD exerts strong inhibitory effects on both macrophage activation and migration. Moreover, through multimodal screening, we further identified the major components and compounds from the different herbs of XFBD that mediate its anti-inflammation function. Active components from XFBD, including Polygoni cuspidati Rhizoma, Phragmitis Rhizoma, and Citri grandis Exocarpium rubrum, were then found to strongly downregulate macrophage activation, and polydatin, isoliquiritin, and acteoside were identified as active compounds. Components of Artemisiae annuae Herba and Ephedrae Herba were found to substantially inhibit endogenous macrophage migration, while the presence of ephedrine, atractylenolide I, and kaempferol was attributed to these effects. In summary, our study explores the pharmacological mechanism and effective components of XFBD in inflammation regulation via multimodal approaches, and thereby provides a biological illustration of the clinical efficacy of XFBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dejin Xun
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yiyu Cheng
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Boli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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8
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Jia J, Liu B, Wang D, Wang X, Song L, Ren Y, Guo Z, Ma K, Cui C. CD93 promotes acute myeloid leukemia development and is a potential therapeutic target. Exp Cell Res 2022; 420:113361. [PMID: 36152731 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CD93 is a transmembrane receptor belonging to the Group XIV C-Type lectin family. It is expressed in a variety of cellular types such as monocytes, neutrophils, platelets, microglia, and endothelial cells. CD93 has been reported to play important roles in cell proliferation, cell migration, and tumor angiogenesis. Here, we show CD93 is highly expressed in M4 and M5 subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, and highly expressed in leukemia stem cells, AML progenitor cells, as well as more differentiated AML cells. We found that CD93 promotes AML cell proliferation, while CD93 deficient AML cells commit to differentiation. We further show that CD93 exerts its proliferative function through downstream SHP-2/Syk/CREB cascade in AML cells. Moreover, human AML cells treated with CD93 mAb combined with αMFc-NC-DM1 (an IgG Fc specific antibody conjugated to maytansinoid DM1), showed a striking reduction of proliferation. Our study revealed that CD93 is a critical participator of AML development and provides a potential therapeutic cell surface target. (160 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jia
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Lingrui Song
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Yanzhang Ren
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Zhaoming Guo
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Kun Ma
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Changhao Cui
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China.
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9
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Ma K, Chen S, Chen X, Zhao X, Yang J. CD93 is Associated with Glioma-related Malignant Processes and Immunosuppressive Cell Infiltration as an Inspiring Biomarker of Survivance. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2106-2124. [PMID: 36006582 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have confirmed the significance of CD93 in the progression of multiple tumors; however, there are few studies examining its immune properties for gliomas. Here, we methodically investigated the pathophysiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of gliomas. Six hundred ninety-nine glioma patients in TCGA along with 325 glioma patients in CGGA were correspondingly collected for training and validating. We analyzed and visualized total statistics using RStudio. One-way ANOVA and Student's t-test were used to assess groups' differences. All differences were considered statistically significant at the level of P < 0.05. CD93 markedly upregulated among HGG, MGMT promoter unmethylated subforms, IDH wild forms, 1p19q non-codeletion subforms, and mesenchyme type gliomas. ROC analysis illustrated the favorable applicability of CD93 in estimating mesenchyme subform. Kaplan-Meier curves together with multivariable Cox analyses upon survivance identified high-expression CD93 as a distinct prognostic variable for glioma patients. GO analysis of CD93 documented its predominant part in glioma-related immunobiological processes and inflammation responses. We examined the associations of CD93 with immune-related meta-genes, and CD93 positively correlated with HCK, LCK, MHC I, MHC II, STAT1 and IFN, while adverse with IgG. Association analyses between CD93 and gliomas-infiltrating immunocytes indicated that the infiltrating degrees of most immunocytes exhibited positive correlations with CD93, particularly these immunosuppressive subsets such as TAM, Treg, and MDSCs. CD93 is markedly associated with adverse pathology types, unfavorable survival, and immunosuppressive immunocytes infiltration among gliomas, thus identifying CD93 as a practicable marker and a promising target for glioma-based precise diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Rd, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Suhua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Rd, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Rd, Beijing, 100191, China.,Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Rd, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Rd, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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10
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Su C, Han Y, Qu B, Zhang C, Liang T, Gao F, Hou G. CD93 in macrophages: A novel target for atherosclerotic plaque imaging? J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2152-2162. [PMID: 35166040 PMCID: PMC8995462 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive imaging atherosclerotic (AS) plaque is of great importance for early diagnosis. Recently, CD93 in MΦ was linked to atherosclerosis development. Herein, we have investigated whether CD93 in MΦ is a potential novel target for atherosclerotic plaque imaging. CD93hi and CD93lo MΦ were prepared with or without LPS stimulation, before biological activity was evaluated. A rat AS model was produced with left carotid artery clamped. Whole‐body/ex vivo phosphor autoradiography of the artery and biodistribution were investigated after incorporation of 3H‐2‐DG into CD93hi and CD93lo MΦ or after 125I‐α‐CD93 (125I‐anti‐CD93mAb) injection. The plaque tissue was subjected to CD93/CD68 immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry staining. CD93hi and CD93lo MΦ cells were successfully prepared without significant effect on bioactivity after incorporative labelled with 3H‐2‐DG. The AS model was successfully established. Biodistribution studies showed that adoptive transfer of 3H‐2‐DG‐CD93hi MΦ or 125I‐ α‐CD93 injection resulted in accumulation of radioactivity within the atherosclerotic plaque in the clamped left carotid artery. T/NT (target/non‐target, left/right carotid artery) ratio was higher in the 3H‐2‐DG‐CD93hi MΦ adoptive transfer group than in the 3H‐2‐DG‐CD93lo MΦ group (p < .05). Plaque radioactivity in the 125I‐α‐CD93 injection group was significantly higher than in the 125I‐IgG control group (p < .01). The higher radioactivity accumulated in the clamped left carotid artery was confirmed by phosphor autoradiography. More importantly, CD93/CD68 double‐positive MΦ accumulated at the atherosclerotic plaque in 3H‐2‐DG‐CD93hi MΦ adoptive transfer group, which correlated with plaque radioactivity (r = .99, p < .01). In summary, both adoptive‐transferred 3H‐2‐DG‐labelled CD93hi MΦ and 125I‐α‐CD93 injection specifically targeted CD93 in atherosclerotic plaque. CD93 is a potential target in atherosclerotic plaque imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Su
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Research Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yeming Han
- Radiology Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Qu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Research Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Research Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Research Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Research Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guihua Hou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Research Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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11
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Kielar M, Dumnicka P, Ignacak E, Będkowska-Prokop A, Gala-Błądzińska A, Maziarz B, Ceranowicz P, Kuśnierz-Cabala B. Soluble Complement Component 1q Receptor 1 (sCD93) Is Associated with Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1623. [PMID: 34827620 PMCID: PMC8615695 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 93 (CD93), also known as complement component 1q receptor 1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in endothelial and hematopoietic cells and associated with phagocytosis, cell adhesion, angiogenesis and inflammation. The extracellular part, soluble CD93 (sCD93), is released to body fluids in inflammation. Data on sCD93 in kidney diseases are limited. Our aim was to evaluate serum sCD93 in long-term kidney transplant recipients as a marker of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction that may be potentially useful in early recognition of graft dysfunction. Seventy-eight adult patients with functioning kidney graft and stable clinical state were examined at least one year after kidney transplantation. Serum sCD93 was measured by enzyme immunosorbent assay. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria or proteinuria were assessed at baseline and over one-year follow-up. Increased sCD93 was associated with lower baseline eGFR independently of the confounders. Moreover, sCD93 was negatively associated with eGFR during one-year follow-up in simple analysis; however, this was not confirmed after adjustment for confounders. Baseline sCD93 was positively associated with baseline albuminuria and with increased proteinuria during the follow-up. Serum sCD93 was not correlated with other studied inflammatory markers (interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and C3 and C4 complement components). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the concentrations of sCD93 in kidney transplant recipients and one of the first reports showing the inverse association between sCD93 and renal function. Serum sCD93 should be further evaluated as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kielar
- Medical Diagnostic Laboratory with a Bacteriology Laboratory, St. Louis Regional Children’s Hospital, 31-503 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Paulina Dumnicka
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Ignacak
- Chair and Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (E.I.); (A.B.-P.)
| | - Alina Będkowska-Prokop
- Chair and Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (E.I.); (A.B.-P.)
| | | | - Barbara Maziarz
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Kraków, Poland; (B.M.); (B.K.-C.)
| | - Piotr Ceranowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Kraków, Poland; (B.M.); (B.K.-C.)
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12
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Pessoa Rodrigues C, Akhtar A. Differential H4K16ac levels ensure a balance between quiescence and activation in hematopoietic stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi5987. [PMID: 34362741 PMCID: PMC8346211 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi5987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are able to reconstitute the bone marrow while retaining their self-renewal property. Individual HSCs demonstrate heterogeneity in their repopulating capacities. Here, we found that the levels of the histone acetyltransferase MOF (males absent on the first) and its target modification histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation are heterogeneous among HSCs and influence their proliferation capacities. The increased proliferative capacities of MOF-depleted cells are linked to their expression of CD93. The CD93+ HSC subpopulation simultaneously shows transcriptional features of quiescent HSCs and functional features of active HSCs. CD93+ HSCs were expanded and exhibited an enhanced proliferative advantage in Mof +/- animals reminiscent of a premalignant state. Accordingly, low MOF and high CD93 levels correlate with poor survival and increased proliferation capacity in leukemia. Collectively, our study indicates H4K16ac as an important determinant for HSC heterogeneity, which is linked to the onset of monocytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pessoa Rodrigues
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asifa Akhtar
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
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13
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Wu PH, Lin YT, Chiu YW, Baldanzi G, Huang JC, Liang SS, Lee SC, Chen SC, Hsu YL, Kuo MC, Hwang SJ. The relationship of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate with target cardiovascular proteins in hemodialysis patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3786. [PMID: 33589722 PMCID: PMC7884394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-bound uremic toxins (Indoxyl sulfate [IS] and p-cresyl sulfate [PCS]) are both associated with cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Possible mechanisms have not been elucidated. In hemodialysis patients, we investigated the relationship between the free form of IS and PCS and 181 CV-related proteins. First, IS or PCS concentrations were checked, and high levels were associated with an increased risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in 333 stable HD patients. CV proteins were further quantified by a proximity extension assay. We examined associations between the free form protein-bound uremic toxins and the quantified proteins with correction for multiple testing in the discovery process. In the second step, the independent association was evaluated by multivariable-adjusted models. We rank the CV proteins related to protein-bound uremic toxins by bootstrapped confidence intervals and ascending p-value. Six proteins (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 5, complement component C1q receptor, C–C motif chemokine 15 [CCL15], bleomycin hydrolase, perlecan, and cluster of differentiation 166 antigen) were negatively associated with IS. Fibroblast growth factor 23 [FGF23] was the only CV protein positively associated with IS. Three proteins (complement component C1q receptor, CCL15, and interleukin-1 receptor-like 2) were negatively associated with PCS. Similar findings were obtained after adjusting for classical CV risk factors. However, only higher levels of FGF23 was related to increased risk of ACS. In conclusion, IS and PCS were associated with several CV-related proteins involved in endothelial barrier function, complement system, cell adhesion, phosphate homeostasis, and inflammation. Multiplex proteomics seems to be a promising way to discover novel pathophysiology of the uremic toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicines, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicines, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Gabriel Baldanzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jiun-Chi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicines, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chu Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicines, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Kuo
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Jyh Hwang
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
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14
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Zhong K, Li Y, Tang Y, Yu G, Zilundu PLM, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Xu X, Fu R, Zhou L. Cytokine profile and glial activation following brachial plexus roots avulsion injury in mice. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 353:577517. [PMID: 33582398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and tissue infiltration by various immune cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of neurons suffering the central nervous systems diseases. Although brachial plexus root avulsion (BPRA) leads to dramatic motoneurons (MNs) death and permanent loss of function, however, the knowledge gap on cytokines and glial reaction in the spinal cord injury is still existing. The current study is sought to investigate the alteration of specific cytokine expression patterns of the BPRA injured spinal cord during an acute and subacute period. The cytokine assay, transmission electron microscopy, and histological staining were utilized to assess cytokine network alteration, ultrastructure morphology, and glial activation and MNs loss within two weeks post-injury on a mouse unilateral BPRA model. The BPRA injury caused a progressively spinal MNs loss, reduced the alpha-(α) MNs synaptic inputs, whereas enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (IBA-1), F4/80 expression in ipsilateral but not the contralateral spinal segments. Additionally, cytokine assays revealed BPRA significantly altered the level of CXCL1, ICAM1, IP10, MCP-5, MIP1-α, and CD93. Notably, the elevated MIP1-α was mainly expressed in the injured spinal MNs. While the re-distribution of CD93 expression, from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, occasionally occurred at neurons of the ipsilateral spinal segment after injury. Overall, these findings suggest that the inflammatory cytokines associated with glial cell activation might contribute to the pathophysiology of the MNs death caused by nerve roots injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhong
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Yingqin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 51900, China.
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Guangyin Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Prince Last Mudenda Zilundu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yaqiong Wang
- Department of Electron Microscope, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510089, China.
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510089, China.
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510089, China.
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15
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Riether C, Radpour R, Kallen NM, Bürgin DT, Bachmann C, Schürch CM, Lüthi U, Arambasic M, Hoppe S, Albers CE, Baerlocher GM, Ochsenbein AF. Metoclopramide treatment blocks CD93-signaling-mediated self-renewal of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108663. [PMID: 33503440 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-renewal is a key characteristic of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) responsible for the development and maintenance of leukemia. In this study, we identify CD93 as an important regulator of self-renewal and proliferation of murine and human LSCs, but not hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The intracellular domain of CD93 promotes gene transcription via the transcriptional regulator SCY1-like pseudokinase 1 independently of ligation of the extracellular domain. In a drug library screen, we identify the anti-emetic agent metoclopramide as an efficient blocker of CD93 signaling. Metoclopramide treatment reduces murine and human LSCs in vitro and prolongs survival of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) mice through downregulation of pathways related to stemness and proliferation in LSCs. Overall, these results identify CD93 signaling as an LSC-specific regulator of self-renewal and proliferation and a targetable pathway to eliminate LSCs in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nils M Kallen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Damian T Bürgin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Bachmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Schürch
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ursina Lüthi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Arambasic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sven Hoppe
- Wirbelsäulenmedizin Bern, Hirslanden Salem-Spital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph E Albers
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M Baerlocher
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian F Ochsenbein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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16
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Alehagen U, Shamoun L, Wågsäter D. Genetic variance and plasma concentration of CD93 is associated with cardiovascular mortality: Results from a 6.7‑year follow‑up of a healthy community‑living elderly population. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4629-4636. [PMID: 33173973 PMCID: PMC7646846 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the fundamental processes in numerous diseases. Cluster of differentiation (CD) 93, a glycoprotein, has been reported to be associated with a number of these diseases. There are reports indicating that a high plasma level of CD93 is associated with adverse events in ischaemic heart disease. Additionally, there are reports indicating different cardiovascular risks between different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CD93. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether the plasma concentration of CD93 and polymorphism of rs2749812 in CD93 were associated with clinical conditions and mortality in an elderly population. In 470 healthy elderly community-living individuals a novel clinical examination involving echocardiography and blood sampling was performed. The population was followed for 6.7 years. Plasma levels of CD93 and SNP analyses of rs2749812 of CD93 using PCR methodology were used. During the follow-up period, 106 (22.6%) all-cause and 61 (13.0%) cardiovascular deaths were registered. Those with the highest plasma concentration had markedly higher all-cause mortality. Evaluating the A/A, A/G and G/G genotypes, the G/G group exhibited significantly higher cardiovascular mortality (P=0.026), and an almost two-fold increased risk in a multivariate Cox regression model compared with the A/G genotype. Evaluation of subgroups with respect to sex, diabetes and hypertension revealed markedly increased cardiovascular risk in the G/G genotype in all subgroups. All results persisted in the multiple models used. In the present study, the glycoprotein CD93 was demonstrated to have prognostic cardiovascular information, with increased risk for those with a high plasma concentration. Furthermore, the G/G genotype of rs2749812 of CD93 has a significantly higher cardiovascular risk, as demonstrated here, and could therefore be regarded as a possible cardiovascular risk biomarker that might in the future be used to offer optimised cardiovascular patient handling. However, this was a small study, and more research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, SE‑581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Levar Shamoun
- Division of Medical Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jönköping County, SE‑553 05 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Dick Wågsäter
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE‑752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Lee M, Park HS, Choi MY, Kim HZ, Moon SJ, Ha JY, Choi AR, Park YW, Park JS, Shin EC, Ahn CW, Kang S. Significance of Soluble CD93 in Type 2 Diabetes as a Biomarker for Diabetic Nephropathy: Integrated Results from Human and Rodent Studies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051394. [PMID: 32397261 PMCID: PMC7290306 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 93 (CD93) is a glycoprotein expressed in activated endothelial cells. The extracellular portion of CD93 can be secreted as a soluble form (sCD93) under inflammatory conditions. As diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a well-known inflammatory disease, we hypothesized that sCD93 would be a new biomarker for DN. We prospectively enrolled 97 patients with type 2 diabetes and evaluated the association between serum sCD93 and DN prevalence. The association between CD93 and development of DN was investigated using human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and diabetic db/db mice in vivo. Subjects with higher sCD93 levels had a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The sCD93 level was an independent determinant of both the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and the eGFR. The risk of prevalent DN was higher in the high sCD93 group (adjusted odds ratio 7.212, 95% confidence interval 1.244-41.796, p = 0.028). In vitro, CD93 was highly expressed in HUVECs and both CD93 expression and secretion were upregulated after lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. In vivo, peritoneal and urine sCD93 levels and the renal glomerular expression of CD93 were significantly higher in the db/db mice than in the control db/m+ mice. These results suggest the potential of sCD93 as a candidate biomarker associated with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Ho Seon Park
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (H.S.P.); (M.Y.C.); (H.Z.K.); (J.Y.H.); (A.C.); (J.S.P.); (C.W.A.)
| | - Min Yeong Choi
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (H.S.P.); (M.Y.C.); (H.Z.K.); (J.Y.H.); (A.C.); (J.S.P.); (C.W.A.)
| | - Hak Zoo Kim
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (H.S.P.); (M.Y.C.); (H.Z.K.); (J.Y.H.); (A.C.); (J.S.P.); (C.W.A.)
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sung Jin Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon 22711, Korea;
| | - Ji Yoon Ha
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (H.S.P.); (M.Y.C.); (H.Z.K.); (J.Y.H.); (A.C.); (J.S.P.); (C.W.A.)
| | - ARim Choi
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (H.S.P.); (M.Y.C.); (H.Z.K.); (J.Y.H.); (A.C.); (J.S.P.); (C.W.A.)
| | | | - Jong Suk Park
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (H.S.P.); (M.Y.C.); (H.Z.K.); (J.Y.H.); (A.C.); (J.S.P.); (C.W.A.)
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Chul Woo Ahn
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (H.S.P.); (M.Y.C.); (H.Z.K.); (J.Y.H.); (A.C.); (J.S.P.); (C.W.A.)
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Shinae Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (H.S.P.); (M.Y.C.); (H.Z.K.); (J.Y.H.); (A.C.); (J.S.P.); (C.W.A.)
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2019-3335; Fax: +82-2-3463-3882
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18
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Liu W, Zhang C, Cao H, Shi D, Zhao S, Liang T, Hou G. Radioimmunoimaging of 125I-labeled anti-CD93 monoclonal antibodies in a xenograft model of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6413-6422. [PMID: 31819775 PMCID: PMC6896371 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is the most common malignant tumor associated with poor prognosis. Angiogenesis plays a vital role in NSCLC, and could be used in tumor staging and therapy evaluation. CD93 (C1q receptor) is reportedly a key regulator of tumor angiogenesis. In the present study, the efficacy and specificity of a 125I-labeled CD93-specific monoclonal antibody (125I-anti-CD93 mAb) in detecting NSCLC xenografts were analyzed, and the association between CD93 expression and 125I-anti-CD93 mAb uptake by tumors was evaluated. The targeting ability of 125I-anti-CD93 mAb enabled its rapid, continuous and highly specific accumulation in CD93-expressing tumors in vivo. These results revealed the potential applicability of 125I-anti-CD93 mAb for non-invasive imaging diagnosis of CD93-positive NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hui Cao
- Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Dai Shi
- Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ting Liang
- Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Guihua Hou
- Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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19
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Borah S, Vasudevan D, Swain RK. C-type lectin family XIV members and angiogenesis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3954-3962. [PMID: 31579078 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and metastasis of tumors is dependent on angiogenesis. C-type lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with a diverse range of functions. The C-type lectin family XIV members are transmembrane glycoproteins, and all four members of this family have been reported to regulate angiogenesis, although the detailed mechanism of action has yet to be completely elucidated. They interact with extracellular matrix proteins and mediate cell-cell adhesion by their lectin-like domain. The aim of the present study was to summarize the available information on the function and mechanism of C-type lectin family XIV in angiogenesis and discuss their potential as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Borah
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | | | - Rajeeb K Swain
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
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20
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Khan KA, McMurray JL, Mohammed F, Bicknell R. C-type lectin domain group 14 proteins in vascular biology, cancer and inflammation. FEBS J 2019; 286:3299-3332. [PMID: 31287944 PMCID: PMC6852297 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The C‐type lectin domain (CTLD) group 14 family of transmembrane glycoproteins consist of thrombomodulin, CD93, CLEC14A and CD248 (endosialin or tumour endothelial marker‐1). These cell surface proteins exhibit similar ectodomain architecture and yet mediate a diverse range of cellular functions, including but not restricted to angiogenesis, inflammation and cell adhesion. Thrombomodulin, CD93 and CLEC14A can be expressed by endothelial cells, whereas CD248 is expressed by vasculature associated pericytes, activated fibroblasts and tumour cells among other cell types. In this article, we review the current literature of these family members including their expression profiles, interacting partners, as well as established and speculated functions. We focus primarily on their roles in the vasculature and inflammation as well as their contributions to tumour immunology. The CTLD group 14 family shares several characteristic features including their ability to be proteolytically cleaved and engagement of some shared extracellular matrix ligands. Each family member has strong links to tumour development and in particular CD93, CLEC14A and CD248 have been proposed as attractive candidate targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir A Khan
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jack L McMurray
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiyaz Mohammed
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Roy Bicknell
- Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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21
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Nativel B, Ramin-Mangata S, Mevizou R, Figuester A, Andries J, Iwema T, Ikewaki N, Gasque P, Viranaïcken W. CD93 is a cell surface lectin receptor involved in the control of the inflammatory response stimulated by exogenous DNA. Immunology 2019; 158:85-93. [PMID: 31335975 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial DNA contains CpG oligonucleotide (ODN) motifs to trigger innate immune responses through the endosomal receptor Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). One of the cell surface receptors to capture and deliver microbial DNA to intracellular TLR9 is the C-type lectin molecule DEC-205 through its N-terminal C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD). CD93 is a cell surface protein and member of the lectin group XIV with a CTLD. We hypothesized that CD93 could interact with CpG motifs, and possibly serve as a novel receptor to deliver bacterial DNA to endosomal TLR9. Using ELISA and tryptophan fluorescence binding studies we observed that the soluble histidine-tagged CD93-CTLD was specifically binding to CpG ODN and bacterial DNA. Moreover, we found that CpG ODN could bind to CD93-expressing IMR32 neuroblastoma cells and induced more robust interleukin-6 secretion when compared with mock-transfected IMR32 control cells. Our data argue for a possible contribution of CD93 to control cell responsiveness to bacterial DNA in a manner reminiscent of DEC-205. We postulate that CD93 may act as a receptor at plasma membrane for DNA or CpG ODN and to grant delivery to endosomal TLR9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Nativel
- GRI, Groupe de recherche en immunopathologie, EA4517, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France.,Université de La Réunion, INSERM 1188, Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Stéphane Ramin-Mangata
- GRI, Groupe de recherche en immunopathologie, EA4517, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France.,Université de La Réunion, INSERM 1188, Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Rudy Mevizou
- GRI, Groupe de recherche en immunopathologie, EA4517, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Audrey Figuester
- GRI, Groupe de recherche en immunopathologie, EA4517, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Jessica Andries
- GRI, Groupe de recherche en immunopathologie, EA4517, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Thomas Iwema
- GRI, Groupe de recherche en immunopathologie, EA4517, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Nobunao Ikewaki
- Laboratories of Clinical Immunology, Department of Animal Pharmaceutical Science, Welfare School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Philippe Gasque
- GRI, Groupe de recherche en immunopathologie, EA4517, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France.,Université de La Réunion, INSERM 1187, CNRS, 9192, IRD 249, UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale, ZOI (LICE-OI). CHU site Bellepierre, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Wildriss Viranaïcken
- GRI, Groupe de recherche en immunopathologie, EA4517, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France.,Université de La Réunion, INSERM 1187, CNRS, 9192, IRD 249, UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
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22
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Blackburn JWD, Lau DHC, Liu EY, Ellins J, Vrieze AM, Pawlak EN, Dikeakos JD, Heit B. Soluble CD93 is an apoptotic cell opsonin recognized by α x β 2. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:600-610. [PMID: 30656676 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Efferocytosis is essential for homeostasis and prevention of the inflammatory and autoimmune diseases resulting from apoptotic cell lysis. CD93 is a transmembrane glycoprotein previously implicated in efferocytosis, with mutations in CD93 predisposing patients to efferocytosis-associated diseases. CD93 is a cell surface protein, which is proteolytically shed under inflammatory conditions, but it is unknown how CD93 mediates efferocytosis or whether its efferocytic activity is mediated by the soluble or membrane-bound form. Herein, using cell lines and human monocytes and macrophages, we demonstrate that soluble CD93 (sCD93) potently opsonizes apoptotic cells but not a broad range of microorganisms, whereas membrane-bound CD93 has no phagocytic, efferocytic, or tethering activity. Using mass spectrometry, we identified αx β2 as the receptor that recognizes sCD93, and via deletion mutagenesis determined that sCD93 binds to apoptotic cells via its C-type lectin-like domain and to αx β2 by its EGF-like repeats. The bridging of apoptotic cells to αx β2 markedly enhanced efferocytosis by macrophages and was abrogated by αx β2 knockdown. Combined, these data elucidate the mechanism by which CD93 regulates efferocytosis and identifies a previously unreported opsonin-receptor system utilized by phagocytes for the efferocytic clearance of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W D Blackburn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darius H C Lau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elaine Y Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Ellins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela M Vrieze
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily N Pawlak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jimmy D Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Lugano R, Vemuri K, Yu D, Bergqvist M, Smits A, Essand M, Johansson S, Dejana E, Dimberg A. CD93 promotes β1 integrin activation and fibronectin fibrillogenesis during tumor angiogenesis. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3280-3297. [PMID: 29763414 PMCID: PMC6063507 DOI: 10.1172/jci97459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis occurs through regulation of genes that orchestrate endothelial sprouting and vessel maturation, including deposition of a vessel-associated extracellular matrix. CD93 is a transmembrane receptor that is upregulated in tumor vessels in many cancers, including high-grade glioma. Here, we demonstrate that CD93 regulates β1 integrin signaling and organization of fibronectin fibrillogenesis during tumor vascularization. In endothelial cells and mouse retina, CD93 was found to be expressed in endothelial filopodia and to promote filopodia formation. The CD93 localization to endothelial filopodia was stabilized by interaction with multimerin-2 (MMRN2), which inhibited its proteolytic cleavage. The CD93-MMRN2 complex was required for activation of β1 integrin, phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and fibronectin fibrillogenesis in endothelial cells. Consequently, tumor vessels in gliomas implanted orthotopically in CD93-deficient mice showed diminished activation of β1 integrin and lacked organization of fibronectin into fibrillar structures. These findings demonstrate a key role of CD93 in vascular maturation and organization of the extracellular matrix in tumors, identifying it as a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lugano
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kalyani Vemuri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Bergqvist
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University, Gävle Hospital, Gävle, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences and Oncology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anja Smits
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Staffan Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,Vascular Biology Unit, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Ishizaki J, Takemori A, Suemori K, Matsumoto T, Akita Y, Sada KE, Yuzawa Y, Amano K, Takasaki Y, Harigai M, Arimura Y, Makino H, Yasukawa M, Takemori N, Hasegawa H. Targeted proteomics reveals promising biomarkers of disease activity and organ involvement in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:218. [PMID: 28962592 PMCID: PMC5622475 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted proteomics, which involves quantitative analysis of targeted proteins using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry, has emerged as a new methodology for discovery of clinical biomarkers. In this study, we used targeted serum proteomics to identify circulating biomarkers for prediction of disease activity and organ involvement in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). METHODS A large-scale SRM assay targeting 135 biomarker candidates was established using a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled with nanoflow liquid chromatography. Target proteins in serum samples from patients in the active and remission (6 months after treatment) stages were quantified using the established assays. Identified marker candidates were further validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using serum samples (n = 169) collected in a large-cohort Japanese study (the RemIT-JAV-RPGN study). RESULTS Our proteomic analysis identified the following proteins as biomarkers for discriminating patients with highly active AAV from those in remission or healthy control subjects: tenascin C (TNC), C-reactive protein (CRP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, S100A8/A9, CD93, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and transketolase (TKT). Of these, TIMP1 was the best-performing marker of disease activity, allowing distinction between mildly active AAV and remission. Moreover, in contrast to CRP, serum levels of TIMP1 in patients with active AAV were significantly higher than those in patients with infectious diseases. The serum levels of TKT and CD93 were higher in patients with renal involvement than in those without, and they predicted kidney outcome. The level of circulating TNC was elevated significantly in patients with lung infiltration. AAV severity was associated with markers reflecting organ involvement (TKT, CD93, and TNC) rather than inflammation. The eight markers and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA were clustered into three groups: MPO-ANCA, renal involvement (TKT and CD93), and inflammation (the other six markers). CONCLUSIONS We have identified promising biomarkers of disease activity, disease severity, and organ involvement in AAV with a targeted proteomics approach using serum samples obtained from a large-cohort Japanese study. Especially, our analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of TIMP1 as a marker of AAV activity. In addition, we identified TKT and CD93 as novel markers for evaluation of renal involvement and kidney outcome in AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ishizaki
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Ayako Takemori
- Division of Proteomics Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Koichiro Suemori
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Yoko Akita
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Ken-ei Sada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yukio Yuzawa
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koichi Amano
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Takasaki
- Department of Rheumatology, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Harigai
- Division of Epidemiology and Pharmacoepidemiology of Rheumatic Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Arimura
- Nephrology and Rheumatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Yasukawa
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Nobuaki Takemori
- Division of Proteomics Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
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25
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Tosi GM, Caldi E, Parolini B, Toti P, Neri G, Nardi F, Traversi C, Cevenini G, Marigliani D, Nuti E, Bacci T, Galvagni F, Orlandini M. CD93 as a Potential Target in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1767-1773. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Tosi
- Ophthalmology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Elena Caldi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | | | - Paolo Toti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Ophthalmology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Federica Nardi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Claudio Traversi
- Ophthalmology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Gabriele Cevenini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Davide Marigliani
- Ophthalmology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Elisabetta Nuti
- Ophthalmology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Tommaso Bacci
- Ophthalmology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Federico Galvagni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Maurizio Orlandini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Siena; Siena Italy
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Goiko M, de Bruyn JR, Heit B. Short-Lived Cages Restrict Protein Diffusion in the Plasma Membrane. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34987. [PMID: 27725698 PMCID: PMC5057110 DOI: 10.1038/srep34987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a heterogeneous environment characterized by anomalous diffusion and the presence of microdomains that are molecularly distinct from the bulk membrane. Using single particle tracking of the C-type lectin CD93, we have identified for the first time the transient trapping of transmembrane proteins in cage-like microdomains which restrict protein diffusion. These cages are stabilized by actin-dependent confinement regions, but are separate structures with sizes and lifespans uncorrelated to those of the underlying actin corral. These membrane cages require cholesterol for their strength and stability, with cholesterol depletion decreasing both. Despite this, cages are much larger in size and are longer lived than lipid rafts, suggesting instead that cholesterol-dependent effects on membrane fluidity or molecular packing play a role in cage formation. This diffusional compartment in the plasma membrane has characteristics of both a diffusional barrier and a membrane microdomain, with a size and lifespan intermediate between short-lived microdomains such as lipid rafts and long-lasting diffusional barriers created by the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Goiko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1 Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - John R de Bruyn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1 Canada.,Centre for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1 Canada
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Sigari N, Jalili A, Mahdawi L, Ghaderi E, Shilan M. Soluble CD93 as a Novel Biomarker in Asthma Exacerbation. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2016; 8:461-5. [PMID: 27334785 PMCID: PMC4921701 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2016.8.5.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Asthma research is shifting from studying symptoms and lung functions to the narrow-focus cellular profiles protein analysis, biomarkers, and genetic markers. The transmembrane glycoprotein CD93 is involved in endothelial cell migration, angiogenesis, leukocytes extravasation, apoptosis, innate immunity and inflammation. Relationships between the serum level of soluble CD93 (sCD93) and acute myocardial infarction/premature MI/inflammatory arthritis/skin sclerosis have recently been reported. We hypothesized that sCD93 would be elevated during the acute phase of asthma. We measured the serum level of sCD93 in 57 patients with asthma exacerbation and 57 age-and gender-matched healthy controls. Additionally, sCD93 was reassessed at the time of discharge from the hospital. Clinical characteristics and peak expiratory flow (PEF) of the patients were assessed. The primary outcome was the comparison of serum level of sCD93 between asthmatics and healthy subjects. The sCD93 values ranged from 128 to 789 ng/mL in asthmatics (345.83±115.81) and from 31 to 289 ng/mL in control subjects (169.46±62.43). The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). The association between sCD93 and asthma remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. The differences between asthmatics and controls remained significant on the last day of hospital stay. The association between sCD93 and PEF was not significant. In conclusion, the serum level of soluble CD93 is increased in patients with asthma exacerbation. It also showed that serum levels of sCD93 decreased with treatment of asthma attack. The clinical usefulness of determination of sCD93 as a biomarker of asthma requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseh Sigari
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical Faculty, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Ali Jalili
- Kurdistan Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Laili Mahdawi
- Internal Medicine Department, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Ghaderi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammadi Shilan
- Pediatrics Department, Medical Faculty,Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Noy PJ, Swain RK, Khan K, Lodhia P, Bicknell R. Sprouting angiogenesis is regulated by shedding of the C-type lectin family 14, member A (CLEC14A) ectodomain, catalyzed by rhomboid-like 2 protein (RHBDL2). FASEB J 2016; 30:2311-23. [PMID: 26939791 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500122r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectin family 14, member A (CLEC14A), is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed in tumor endothelial cells, and it promotes sprouting angiogenesis and modulates endothelial function via interactions with extracellular matrix proteins. Here, we show that CLEC14A is cleaved by rhomboid-like protein 2 (RHBDL2), one of 3 catalytic mammalian rhomboid-like (RHBDL) proteases, but that it is not cleaved by RHBDL1 or -3. Site-directed mutagenesis identified the precise site at which RHBDL2 cleaves CLEC14A, and targeted, small interfering RNAs that knockdown endogenous CLEC14A and RHBDL2 in human endothelial cells validated the specificity of CLEC14A shedding by RHBDL2. Loss of endogenous cleaved CLEC14A increased endothelial migration 2-fold, whereas that addition of recombinant cleaved CLEC14A inhibited the sprouting of human and murine endothelial cells 3-fold in several in vitro models. We assessed the in vivo role of cleaved CLEC14A in angiogenesis by using the rodent subcutaneous sponge implant model, and we found that CLEC14A protein inhibited vascular density by >50%. Finally, we show that cleaved CLEC14A binds to sprouting endothelial tip cells. Our data show that the ectodomain of CLEC14A regulates sprouting angiogenesis and suggests a role for RHBDL2 in endothelial function.-Noy, P. J., Swain, R. K., Khan, K., Lodhia, P., Bicknell, R. Sprouting angiogenesis is regulated by shedding of the C-type lectin family 14, member A (CLEC14A) ectodomain, catalyzed by rhomboid-like 2 protein (RHBDL2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Noy
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institutes for Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rajeeb K Swain
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institutes for Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kabir Khan
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institutes for Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Puja Lodhia
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institutes for Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Roy Bicknell
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institutes for Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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29
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Guo S, Lok J, Zhao S, Leung W, Som AT, Hayakawa K, Wang Q, Xing C, Wang X, Ji X, Zhou Y, Lo EH. Effects of Controlled Cortical Impact on the Mouse Brain Vasculome. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:1303-16. [PMID: 26528928 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in blood vessels play a critical role in the pathophysiology of brain injury and neurodegeneration. Here, we use a systematic genome-wide transcriptome screening approach to investigate the vasculome after brain trauma in mice. Mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact and brains were extracted for analysis at 24 h post-injury. The core of the traumatic lesion was removed and then cortical microvesels were isolated from nondirectly damaged ipsilateral cortex. Compared to contralateral cortex and normal cortex from sham-operated mice, we identified a wide spectrum of responses in the vasculome after trauma. Up-regulated pathways included those involved in regulation of inflammation and extracellular matrix processes. Decreased pathways included those involved in regulation of metabolism, mitochondrial function, and transport systems. These findings suggest that microvascular perturbations can be widespread and not necessarily localized to core areas of direct injury per se and may further provide a broader gene network context for existing knowledge regarding inflammation, metabolism, and blood-brain barrier alterations after brain trauma. Further efforts are warranted to map the vasculome with higher spatial and temporal resolution from acute to delayed phase post-trauma. Investigating the widespread network responses in the vasculome may reveal potential mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and biomarkers for traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Guo
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Josephine Lok
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Song Zhao
- 3 The Department of Spine Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Wendy Leung
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Angel T Som
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Changhong Xing
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Xunming Ji
- 4 Cerebrovascular Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Eng H Lo
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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30
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Langenkamp E, Zhang L, Lugano R, Huang H, Elhassan TEA, Georganaki M, Bazzar W, Lööf J, Trendelenburg G, Essand M, Pontén F, Smits A, Dimberg A. Elevated Expression of the C-Type Lectin CD93 in the Glioblastoma Vasculature Regulates Cytoskeletal Rearrangements That Enhance Vessel Function and Reduce Host Survival. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4504-16. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Orlandini M, Galvagni F, Bardelli M, Rocchigiani M, Lentucci C, Anselmi F, Zippo A, Bini L, Oliviero S. The characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody against CD93 unveils a new antiangiogenic target. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2750-60. [PMID: 24809468 PMCID: PMC4058042 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of tumor angiogenesis is one of the main challenges in cancer therapy. With the aim of developing monoclonal antibodies able to inhibit angiogenesis, we immunized mice with proliferating human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We generated a library of monoclonal antibodies able to recognize antigens expressed on endothelial cells and screened the antibodies for their ability to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and sprouting in vitro. Here, we show that the antibody, designated as 4E1, is able to neutralize the formation of new vessels both in vitro and in vivo without affecting endothelial cell survival. By mass spectrometry we identified CD93 as the antigen bound by 4E1 and mapped the recognized epitope. CD93 is a transmembrane protein heavily glycosylated preferentially expressed in the vascular endothelium. CD93 silencing by lentiviral-mediated small hairpin RNA expression impairs human endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and sprouting. Altogether these findings reveal 4E1 as a novel antiangiogenic antibody and identify CD93 as a new target suitable for antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Orlandini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2 - 53100 Siena, Italy
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Liu C, Cui Z, Wang S, Zhang D. CD93 and GIPC expression and localization during central nervous system inflammation. Neural Regen Res 2015; 9:1995-2001. [PMID: 25598782 PMCID: PMC4283283 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.145383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD93 and GAIP-interacting protein, C termius (GIPC) have been shown to interactively alter phagocytic processes of immune cells. CD93 and GIPC expression and localization during central nervous system inflammation have not yet been reported. In this study, we established a rat model of brain inflammation by lipopolysaccharide injection to the lateral ventricle. In the brain of rats with inflammation, western blots showed increased CD93 expression that decreased over time. GIPC expression was unaltered. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated extensive distribution of CD93 expression mainly in cell membranes in the cerebral cortex. After lipopolysaccharide stimulation, CD93 expression increased and then reduced, with distinct staining in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Double immunofluorescence staining in cerebral cortex of normal rats showed that CD93 and GIPC widely expressed in resting microglia and neurons. CD93 was mainly expressed in microglial and neuronal cell membranes, while GIPC was expressed in both cell membrane and cytoplasm. In the cerebral cortex at 9 hours after model establishment, CD93-immunoreactive signal diminished in microglial membrane, with cytoplasmic translocation and aggregation detected. GIPC localization was unaltered in neurons and microglia. These results are the first to demonstrate CD93 participation in pathophysiological processes of central nervous system inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Experimental Animal Center, Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhichao Cui
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Experimental Animal Center, Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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33
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Olsen RS, Lindh M, Vorkapic E, Andersson RE, Zar N, Löfgren S, Dimberg J, Matussek A, Wågsäter D. CD93 gene polymorphism is associated with disseminated colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2015; 30:883-90. [PMID: 26008729 PMCID: PMC4471320 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-015-2247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cluster of differentiation 93 (CD93) is involved in apoptosis and inflammation and has a suggested role in angiogenesis, and all of which are involved in the development and dissemination of cancer. We evaluated the expression of CD93 and the association with two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2749812 and rs2749817, as possible biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Tissue levels and plasma levels of CD93 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expression of CD93 was determined by immunohistochemistry, western blot and gene expression analysis. Genotype frequencies were established for the SNPs by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the association with tumour stage and survival was analysed. RESULTS Total CD93 levels were 82% higher (P < 0.001) in tumours compared to matched normal tissues. Mean levels of soluble CD93 in plasma were 30% lower (P < 0.001) in the patients compared to the controls. The T/T genotype of SNP rs2749817 was more common in stage IV patients, with consequently higher risk of CRC death (T/T vs. C/C and C/T; hazard ratio (HR) = 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11-2.67, P = 0.014), and was associated with a higher risk of CRC recurrence after radical operation (T/T vs. C/C and C/T; HR = 2.07, CI = 1.22-3.51, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS We showed that the T/T genotype of SNP rs2749817 is associated with disseminated cancer at diagnosis and an increased recurrence rate after radical operation. Patients with this genotype may benefit from early identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate S Olsen
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping, 58185, Linköping, Sweden,
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Spivia W, Magno PS, Le P, Fraser DA. Complement protein C1q promotes macrophage anti-inflammatory M2-like polarization during the clearance of atherogenic lipoproteins. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:885-93. [PMID: 25091012 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Innate immune protein C1q plays a dual role in the chronic inflammatory disease of atherosclerosis. Complement activation via C1q exacerbates pathology in the atherosclerotic lesion in later stages of the disease. However, in early stages of disease C1q is protective. We hypothesize that complement-independent activities of C1q are involved in reprogramming macrophage inflammatory polarization. METHODS The influence of C1q on macrophage inflammatory responses during clearance of oxLDL was examined. Changes in cytokines at the gene and protein level were measured by quantitative PCR and ELISA assay. RESULTS C1q modulated cytokine expression in Raw264.7 macrophages during ingestion of oxLDL. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 were downregulated by C1q, whereas levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were increased. In addition, data from an NFκB-luciferase gene reporter assay suggest that C1q suppresses activation of NFκB during lipoprotein clearance in macrophages, providing one mechanism by which C1q downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production. CONCLUSIONS C1q-polarization of macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotype may be important in dampening inflammation in the early atherosclerotic lesion. Further investigation of molecular pathways targeted by C1q may provide novel therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston Spivia
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA, 90840, USA
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Ikewaki N, Sonoda T, Inoko H. Unique properties of cluster of differentiation 93 in the umbilical cord blood of neonates. Microbiol Immunol 2014; 57:822-32. [PMID: 24033555 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has previously been reported by these authors that cluster of differentiation (CD) 93 is co-expressed on naive T-lymphocytes (CD4(+) CD45RA(+) cells) in neonatal umbilical cord blood cells (UCBCs) but not on normal adult peripheral blood cells (PBCs). In this study, expression of CD93 on other lymphocyte subsets and the concentration of soluble formed CD93 (sCD93) in serum or culture supernatants from neonatal umbilical cord blood (UCB) was examined. It was found that CD93 is also co-expressed on CD2(+) , CD16(+) , CD56(+) or CD25(+) cells in the lymphocyte population of neonatal UCBCs, but not on normal adult PBCs. The concentrations of sCD93 in serum and culture supernatants from neonatal UCB were significantly greater than those from normal adult peripheral blood. The concentrations of sCD93 in culture supernatants from neonatal UCBCs and normal adult PBCs treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) were significantly enhanced compared with those without PMA treatment. The degree of enhancement of sCD93 by PMA in culture supernatants from neonatal UCBCs was significantly greater than that of normal adult PBCs and enhancement of sCD93 by PMA in the culture supernatants from neonatal UCBCs and normal adult PBCs was significantly suppressed by PKC inhibitor. Interestingly, the high concentration of serum sCD93 in neonates was significantly decreased in sera from infants at 1 month after birth. Expression of CD93 on the lymphocyte population of PBCs from infants at 1 month after birth was also significantly decreased, compared with that for neonatal UCBCs. These findings indicate that CD93 in neonatal UCB has unique properties as an immunological biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobunao Ikewaki
- Laboratories of Clinical Immunology, Department of Animal Pharmaceutical Science, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1714-1 Yoshino-machi, Nobeoka-shi, Miyazaki, 882-8508
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Youn JC, Yu HT, Jeon JW, Lee HS, Jang Y, Park YW, Park YB, Shin EC, Ha JW. Soluble CD93 levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction and its implication on clinical outcome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96538. [PMID: 24801400 PMCID: PMC4011875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, it is unclear whether marker of immune activation will provide prognostic information in these patients. We hypothesized that circulating levels of soluble CD93 (sCD93), a soluble form of transmembrane glycoprotein CD93, is increased in acute MI patients and its level would be associated with clinical outcomes in patients with acute MI. Methods We measured circulating levels of sCD93 in 120 patients with acute MI (63±13 yrs, M∶F = 85∶35) and in 120 age, sex-matched control subjects. In patients with acute MI, clinical characteristics, echocardiographic and laboratory findings were assessed at the time of initial enrollment. The primary outcome was defined as all-cause and cardiovascular death. Results Circulating sCD93 levels were significantly higher in patients with acute MI than in control subjects (552.1±293.7 vs. 429.8±114.2 ng/mL, p<0.0001). Upon in vitro inflammatory stimulation, increased CD93 shedding was demonstrated in acute MI patients but not in control subjects. During follow up period (median 208 days, 3-1058 days), the primary outcome occurred in 18 (15%) patients (9 cardiovascular deaths). Circulating levels of sCD93 were associated with all cause (p<0.0001) and cardiovascular (p<0.0001) mortality in patients with acute MI. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that initial sCD93 level was found to be an independent predictor of all cause (p = 0.002) and cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.033) when controlled for age and left ventricular ejection fraction. Conclusions Circulating levels of sCD93 are elevated in patients with acute MI and their levels were associated with adverse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Youn
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Tae Yu
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Jeon
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangsoo Jang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Genome Center, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Park
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (E-CS); (J-WH)
| | - Jong-Won Ha
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (E-CS); (J-WH)
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Kao YC, Jiang SJ, Pan WA, Wang KC, Chen PK, Wei HJ, Chen WS, Chang BI, Shi GY, Wu HL. The epidermal growth factor-like domain of CD93 is a potent angiogenic factor. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51647. [PMID: 23272129 PMCID: PMC3525571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human CD93, an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain containing transmembrane protein, is predominantly expressed in the vascular endothelium. Studies have shown that AA4, the homolog of CD93 in mice, may mediate cell migration and angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Soluble CD93 has been detected in the plasma of healthy individuals. However, the role of soluble CD93 in the endothelium remains unclear. Recombinant soluble CD93 proteins with EGF-like domains (rCD93D123, with domains 1, 2, and 3; and rCD93D23, with domains 2 and 3) were generated to determine their functions in angiogenesis. We found that rCD93D23 was more potent than rCD93D123 in stimulating the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Production of matrix-metalloproteinase 2 increased after the HUVECs were treated with rCD93D23. Further, in a tube formation assay, rCD93D23 induced cell differentiation of HUVECs through phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase and extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1/2 signaling. Moreover, rCD93D23 promoted blood vessel formation in a Matrigel-plug assay and an oxygen-induced retinopathy model in vivo. Our findings suggest that the soluble EGF-like domain containing CD93 protein is a novel angiogenic factor acting on the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chung Kao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Jong Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-An Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chieh Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ku Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Ju Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Ing Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Yueh Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (GYS); (HLW)
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (GYS); (HLW)
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Yanaba K, Asano Y, Noda S, Akamata K, Aozasa N, Taniguchi T, Takahashi T, Ichimura Y, Toyama T, Sumida H, Kuwano Y, Tada Y, Sugaya M, Kadono T, Sato S. Augmented production of soluble CD93 in patients with systemic sclerosis and clinical association with severity of skin sclerosis. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:542-7. [PMID: 22540233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell surface protein CD93, expressed on endothelial and myeloid cells, mediates phagocytosis, inflammation and cell adhesion. A soluble form of CD93 (sCD93) is released during inflammation. OBJECTIVES To determine the serum sCD93 level and its association with clinical parameters in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS Serum sCD93 levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 59 patients with SSc, 24 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 47 healthy individuals. The expression of CD93 in skin tissues was examined immunohistochemically. In a retrospective longitudinal study, sera from 11 patients with SSc were analysed. RESULTS Serum sCD93 levels were increased in patients with SSc compared with healthy individuals (P<0·001). Patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc showed greater levels of sCD93 than those with limited cutaneous SSc (P<0·01) or systemic lupus erythematosus (P<0·01). Serum sCD93 levels correlated positively with the severity of skin sclerosis. Strong CD93 immunostaining was observed on endothelial cells in lesional skin tissues. In the longitudinal study, sCD93 levels decreased in parallel with improvement in skin sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Serum sCD93 levels are increased in patients with SSc and correlate with the severity and activity of skin sclerosis. CD93 may contribute to the development of skin fibrosis in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yanaba
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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Liu Z, Swindall AF, Kesterson RA, Schoeb TR, Bullard DC, Bellis SL. ST6Gal-I regulates macrophage apoptosis via α2-6 sialylation of the TNFR1 death receptor. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:39654-62. [PMID: 21930713 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.276063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in innate immunity, however mechanisms regulating macrophage survival are not fully understood. Herein we describe a novel apoptotic pathway involving α2-6 sialylation of the TNFR1 death receptor by the ST6Gal-I sialyltransferase. Variant glycosylation of TNFR1 has not previously been implicated in TNFR1 function, and little is known regarding the TNFR1 glycan composition. To study sialylation in macrophages, we treated U937 monocytic cells with PMA, which stimulates both macrophage differentiation and apoptosis. Interestingly, macrophage differentiation induces ST6Gal-I down-regulation, leading to reduced α2-6 sialylation of selected receptors. To prevent loss of α2-6 sialylation, we forced constitutive expression of ST6Gal-I, and found that this strongly inhibited PMA-induced apoptosis. Given that PMA-mediated apoptosis is thought to result from up-regulation of TNFα, which then activates TNFR1, we next evaluated the α2-6 sialylation of TNFR1. U937 cells with forced ST6Gal-I displayed TNFR1 with elevated α2-6 sialylation, and this was associated with diminished TNFα-stimulated apoptosis. Correspondingly, removal of α2-6 sialylation from TNFR1 through either neuraminidase treatment or expression of ST6Gal-I shRNA markedly enhanced TNFα-mediated apoptosis. To confirm the physiologic importance of TNFR1 sialylation, we generated overexpressing ST6Gal-I transgenic mice. Peritoneal macrophages from transgenic lines displayed TNFR1 with elevated α2-6 sialylation, and these cells were significantly protected against TNFα-stimulated apoptosis. Moreover, greater numbers of thioglycollate-induced peritoneal cells were observed in transgenic mice. These collective results highlight a new mechanism of TNFR1 regulation, and further intimate that loss of α2-6 sialylation during macrophage differentiation may limit macrophage lifespan by sensitizing cells to TNFα-stimulated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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Greenlee-Wacker MC, Briseño C, Galvan M, Moriel G, Velázquez P, Bohlson SS. Membrane-associated CD93 regulates leukocyte migration and C1q-hemolytic activity during murine peritonitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 187:3353-61. [PMID: 21849679 PMCID: PMC3169757 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD93 is emerging as a novel regulator of inflammation; however, its molecular function is unknown. CD93 exists as a membrane-associated glycoprotein on the surface of cells involved in the inflammatory cascade, including endothelial and myeloid cells. A soluble form (sCD93) is detectable in blood and is elevated with inflammation. In this study, we demonstrate heightened susceptibility to thioglycollate-induced peritonitis in CD93(-/-) mice. CD93(-/-) mice showed a 1.6-1.8-fold increase in leukocyte infiltration during thioglycollate-induced peritonitis between 3 and 24 h that returned to wild type levels by 96 h. Impaired vascular integrity in CD93(-/-) mice during peritonitis was demonstrated using fluorescence multiphoton intravital microscopy; however, no differences in cytokine or chemokine levels were detected with Luminex Multiplex or ELISA analysis. C1q-hemolytic activity in CD93(-/-) mice was decreased by 22% at time zero and by 46% 3 h after thioglycollate injection, suggesting a defect in the classical complement pathway. Leukocyte recruitment and C1q-hemolytic activity was restored to wild type levels when CD93 was expressed on either hematopoietic cells or nonhematopoietic cells in bone marrow chimeric mice. However, elevated levels of sCD93 in inflammatory fluid were observed only when CD93 was expressed on nonhematopoietic cells. Because cell-associated CD93 was sufficient to restore a normal inflammatory response, these data suggest that cell-associated CD93, and not sCD93, regulates leukocyte recruitment and complement activation during murine peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallary C. Greenlee-Wacker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Carlos Briseño
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Manuel Galvan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617
| | - Gabriela Moriel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Peter Velázquez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617
| | - Suzanne S. Bohlson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617
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Mälarstig A, Silveira A, Wågsäter D, Öhrvik J, Bäcklund A, Samnegård A, Khademi M, Hellenius ML, Leander K, Olsson T, Uhlén M, de Faire U, Eriksson P, Hamsten A. Plasma CD93 concentration is a potential novel biomarker for coronary artery disease. J Intern Med 2011; 270:229-36. [PMID: 21332844 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A common nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CD93 gene (rs3746731, Pro541Ser) has been associated with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). CD93 is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which is detectable in soluble form in human plasma. We investigated whether the concentration of soluble CD93 in plasma is related to risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and CAD, using a case-control study of premature MI (n = 764) and a nested case-control analysis of a longitudinal cohort study of 60-year-old subjects (analysis comprising 844 of 4232 subjects enrolled at baseline). In addition, SNPs in the CD93 gene were studied in relation to plasma CD93 concentration and CD93 mRNA expression. METHODS AND RESULTS A sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established for determination of the plasma CD93 concentration. Subjects were divided into three groups according to tertiles of the distribution of CD93 concentration. Lower odds ratios for risk of MI and incidence of CAD were observed in the middle CD93 tertile (142-173 μg L(-1) ): odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 0.69 (0.49-0.97) and 0.61 (0.40-0.94), respectively. These associations were independent of traditional CAD risk factors. The minor allele of a SNP in the 3' untranslated region of CD93 (rs2749812) was associated with increased plasma CD93 concentrations (P = 0.03) and increased CD93 mRNA expression levels (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that the concentration of soluble CD93 in plasma is a potential novel biomarker for CAD, including MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mälarstig
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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42
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Jeon JW, Jung JG, Shin EC, Choi HI, Kim HY, Cho ML, Kim SW, Jang YS, Sohn MH, Moon JH, Cho YH, Hoe KL, Seo YS, Park YW. Soluble CD93 Induces Differentiation of Monocytes and Enhances TLR Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:4921-7. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0904011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Marcucci G, Maharry K, Wu YZ, Radmacher MD, Mrózek K, Margeson D, Holland KB, Whitman SP, Becker H, Schwind S, Metzeler KH, Powell BL, Carter TH, Kolitz JE, Wetzler M, Carroll AJ, Baer MR, Caligiuri MA, Larson RA, Bloomfield CD. IDH1 and IDH2 gene mutations identify novel molecular subsets within de novo cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:2348-55. [PMID: 20368543 PMCID: PMC2881719 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the frequency and associations with prognostic markers and outcome of mutations in IDH genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenases in adult de novo cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML). PATIENTS AND METHODS Diagnostic bone marrow or blood samples from 358 patients were analyzed for IDH1 and IDH2 mutations by DNA polymerase chain reaction amplification/sequencing. FLT3, NPM1, CEBPA, WT1, and MLL mutational analyses and gene- and microRNA-expression profiling were performed centrally. Results IDH mutations were found in 33% of the patients. IDH1 mutations were detected in 49 patients (14%; 47 with R132). IDH2 mutations, previously unreported in AML, were detected in 69 patients (19%; 13 with R172 and 56 with R140). R172 IDH2 mutations were mutually exclusive with all other prognostic mutations analyzed. Younger age (< 60 years), molecular low-risk (NPM1-mutated/FLT3-internal tandem duplication-negative) IDH1-mutated patients had shorter disease-free survival than molecular low-risk IDH1/IDH2-wild-type (wt) patients (P = .046). R172 IDH2-mutated patients had lower complete remission rates than IDH1/IDH2wt patients (P = .007). Distinctive microarray gene- and microRNA-expression profiles accurately predicted R172 IDH2 mutations. The highest expressed gene and microRNAs in R172 IDH2-mutated patients compared with the IDH1/IDH2wt patients were APP (previously associated with complex karyotype AML) and miR-1 and miR-133 (involved in embryonal stem-cell differentiation), respectively. CONCLUSION IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are recurrent in CN-AML and have an unfavorable impact on outcome. The R172 IDH2 mutations, previously unreported in AML, characterize a novel subset of CN-AML patients lacking other prognostic mutations and associate with unique gene- and microRNA-expression profiles that may lead to the discovery of novel, therapeutically targetable leukemogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Marcucci
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kati Maharry
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yue-Zhong Wu
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael D. Radmacher
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Krzysztof Mrózek
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Dean Margeson
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kelsi B. Holland
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Susan P. Whitman
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Heiko Becker
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sebastian Schwind
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Klaus H. Metzeler
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Bayard L. Powell
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Thomas H. Carter
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jonathan E. Kolitz
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Meir Wetzler
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrew J. Carroll
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Maria R. Baer
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael A. Caligiuri
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Richard A. Larson
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Clara D. Bloomfield
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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