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Konopelnuk VI, Kompanets IV, Svyatetska VM, Molozhavaya OS, Ostapchenko LI. Functional polarization of macrophages of rats with progesterone-induced obesity treated with melanin from the Antarctic yeast Nadsoniella nigra. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone-induced obesity develops in women who use this drug for contraception and the menopause treatment, though its mechanisms remain poorly understood. We studied functional M1 and M2 polarizations of the abdominal cavity macrophages of rats with progesterone induced obesity during 28 days of administration. The effect of melanin from the Antarctic yeast Nadsoniella nigra (Chaetothyriales, Herpotrichiellaceae, Nadsoniella Issatsch, 1914) was investigated. The NO level was determined by the accumulation of nitrites, ROS level was estimated by the NBT-test, arginase activity was assayed by the reaction of L-arginine hydrolysis. The body weights of rats administrated progesterone increased by 27% and continued to increase one month after withdrawal of progesterone (55% higher than control). Melanin prevents the weight gain when administered during one month after progesterone withdrawal. The NO production by peritoneal macrophages of obese animals intensified by 31% indicating their polarization towards pro-inflammatory M1 type. Production of ROS did not change. A 14% increase in arginase activity was observed, indicating the inhibition of M2 (anti-inflammatory) polarization. In the progesterone withdrawal group all these rates significantly decreased, indicating a reduction in the functional activity of peritoneal macrophages’. Melanin decreased the NO and ROS production by 60% and 18% respectively in comparison with the progesterone group and unexpectedly reduced arginase activity. Our data provide evidence of the spread of inflammation in response to progesterone-induced obesity. Peritoneal macrophages are involved in the inflammation in obesity, undergoing polarization towards the pro-inflammatory phenotype. The long-term consequences of such inflammation include the continuation of weight gain and likely the development of systemic inflammation associated with the exhaustion of the functional capacity of peritoneal cavity macrophages. Melanin has an anti-obesity effect and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties preventing progesterone-induced weight gain and macrophage M1 polarization. This requires detailed elucidation and can be valuable in designing countermeasures to prevent obesity outcomes.
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Northcott JM, Yeganeh A, Taylor CG, Zahradka P, Wigle JT. Adipokines and the cardiovascular system: mechanisms mediating health and disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1029-59. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of adipokines in the maintenance of a healthy cardiovascular system, and the mechanisms by which these factors mediate the development of cardiovascular disease in obesity. Adipocytes are the major cell type comprising the adipose tissue. These cells secrete numerous factors, termed adipokines, into the blood, including adiponectin, leptin, resistin, chemerin, omentin, vaspin, and visfatin. Adipose tissue is a highly vascularised endocrine organ, and different adipose depots have distinct adipokine secretion profiles, which are altered with obesity. The ability of many adipokines to stimulate angiogenesis is crucial for adipose tissue expansion; however, excessive blood vessel growth is deleterious. As well, some adipokines induce inflammation, which promotes cardiovascular disease progression. We discuss how these 7 aforementioned adipokines act upon the various cardiovascular cell types (endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, cardiomyocytes, and cardiac fibroblasts), the direct effects of these actions, and their overall impact on the cardiovascular system. These were chosen, as these adipokines are secreted predominantly from adipocytes and have known effects on cardiovascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josette M. Northcott
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Azadeh Yeganeh
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Carla G. Taylor
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T. Wigle
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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