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Haydinger CD, Ashander LM, Tan ACR, Smith JR. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1: More than a Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050743. [PMID: 37237555 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on the surface of multiple cell populations and upregulated by inflammatory stimuli. It mediates cellular adhesive interactions by binding to the β2 integrins macrophage antigen 1 and leukocyte function-associated antigen 1, as well as other ligands. It has important roles in the immune system, including in leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium and transendothelial migration, and at the immunological synapse formed between lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. ICAM-1 has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of diverse diseases from cardiovascular diseases to autoimmune disorders, certain infections, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure and regulation of the ICAM1 gene and the ICAM-1 protein. We discuss the roles of ICAM-1 in the normal immune system and a selection of diseases to highlight the breadth and often double-edged nature of its functions. Finally, we discuss current therapeutics and opportunities for advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron D Haydinger
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Liam M Ashander
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Alwin Chun Rong Tan
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Justine R Smith
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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2
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Maiese A, Manetti AC, Iacoponi N, Mezzetti E, Turillazzi E, Di Paolo M, La Russa R, Frati P, Fineschi V. State-of-the-Art on Wound Vitality Evaluation: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6881. [PMID: 35805886 PMCID: PMC9266385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitality demonstration refers to determining if an injury has been caused ante- or post-mortem, while wound age means to evaluate how long a subject has survived after the infliction of an injury. Histology alone is not enough to prove the vitality of a lesion. Recently, immunohistochemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology have been introduced in the field of lesions vitality and age demonstration. The study was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review (PRISMA) protocol. The search terms were "wound", "lesion", "vitality", "evaluation", "immunohistochemistry", "proteins", "electrolytes", "mRNAs", and "miRNAs" in the title, abstract, and keywords. This evaluation left 137 scientific papers. This review aimed to collect all the knowledge on vital wound demonstration and provide a temporal distribution of the methods currently available, in order to determine the age of lesions, thus helping forensic pathologists in finding a way through the tangled jungle of wound vitality evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Maiese
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Alice Chiara Manetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Naomi Iacoponi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Eleonora Mezzetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Marco Di Paolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Gauchotte G, Bochnakian A, Campoli P, Lardenois E, Brix M, Simon E, Colomb S, Martrille L, Peyron PA. Myeloperoxydase and CD15 With Glycophorin C Double Staining in the Evaluation of Skin Wound Vitality in Forensic Practice. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:910093. [PMID: 35665361 PMCID: PMC9156797 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.910093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The determination of skin wound vitality based on tissue sections is a challenge for the forensic pathologist. Histology is still the gold standard, despite its low sensitivity. Immunohistochemistry could allow to obtain a higher sensitivity. Upon the candidate markers, CD15 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) may allow to early detect polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of CD15 and MPO, with glycophorin C co-staining, compared to standard histology, in a series of medicolegal autopsies, and in a human model of recent wounds. Methods Twenty-four deceased individuals with at least one recent open skin wound were included. For each corpse, a post-mortem wound was performed in an uninjured skin area. At autopsy, a skin sample from the margins of each wound and skin controls were collected (n = 72). Additionally, the cutaneous surgical margins of abdominoplasty specimens were sampled as a model of early intravital stab wound injury (scalpel blade), associated with post-devascularization wounds (n = 39). MPO/glycophorin C and CD15/glycophorin C immunohistochemical double staining was performed. The number of MPO and CD15 positive cells per 10 high power fields (HPF) was evaluated, excluding glycophorin C—positive areas. Results With a threshold of at least 4 PMN/10 high power fields, the sensitivity and specificity of the PMN count for the diagnostic of vitality were 16 and 100%, respectively. With MPO/glycophorin C as well as CD15/glycophorin C IHC, the number of positive cells was significantly higher in vital than in non-vital wounds (p < 0.001). With a threshold of at least 4 positive cells/10 HPF, the sensitivity and specificity of CD15 immunohistochemistry were 53 and 100%, respectively; with the same threshold, MPO sensitivity and specificity were 28 and 95%. Conclusion We showed that combined MPO or CD15/glycophorin C double staining is an interesting and original method to detect early vital reaction. CD15 allowed to obtain a higher, albeit still limited, sensitivity, with a high specificity. Confirmation studies in independent and larger cohorts are still needed to confirm its accuracy in forensic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gauchotte
- Department of Biopathology, CHRU-ICL, CHRU Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Department of Legal Medicine, CHRU Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,INSERM U1256, NGERE, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00035, CHRU, Nancy, France
| | - Agathe Bochnakian
- Department of Biopathology, CHRU-ICL, CHRU Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Campoli
- Department of Biopathology, CHRU-ICL, CHRU Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Emilie Lardenois
- Department of Biopathology, CHRU-ICL, CHRU Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Muriel Brix
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, CHRU, Nancy, France
| | - Etienne Simon
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, CHRU, Nancy, France
| | - Sophie Colomb
- Department of Forensic Medicine, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EDPFM, University of Montpellier, Département de Médecine Légale, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Martrille
- Department of Forensic Medicine, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EDPFM, University of Montpellier, Département de Médecine Légale, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Peyron
- Department of Forensic Medicine, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IRMB, INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier (LBPC-PPC), Montpellier, France
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Ros AC, Bacci S, Luna A, Legaz I. Forensic Impact of the Omics Science Involved in the Wound: A Systematic Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:786798. [PMID: 35071269 PMCID: PMC8770859 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.786798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In forensic autopsies, examining the wounds is one of the most critical aspects to clarify the causal relationship between the cause of death and the wounds observed on the corpse. However, on many occasions, it is difficult to differentiate antemortem injuries from post-mortem injuries, mainly when they occur very close to the moment of death. At present, various studies try to find biomarkers and clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in a wound due to the high variability of conditions in which they occur, thus being one of the most challenging problems in forensic pathology. This review aimed to study the omics data to determine the main lines of investigation emerging in the diagnosis of vital injuries, time of appearance, estimation of the age and vitality of the wound, and its possible contributions to the forensic field. Methods: A systematic review of the human wound concerning forensic science was carried out by following PRISMA guidelines. Results: This study sheds light on the role of omics research during the process of wounding, identifying different cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, as well as cells involved in the specific stage of the wound healing process, show great use in estimating the age of a wound. On the other hand, the expression levels of skin enzymes, proteins, metal ions, and other biomarkers play an essential role in differentiating vital and post-mortem wounds. More recent studies have begun to analyze and quantify mRNA from different genes that encode proteins that participate in the inflammation phase of a wound and miRNAs related to various cellular processes. Conclusions: This study sheds light on the role of research in the molecular characterization of vital wounds, heralding a promising future for molecular characterization of wounds in the field of forensic pathology, opening up an important new area of research. Systematic Review Registration: URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#myprospero, Identifier: CRD42021286623.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Collados Ros
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Stefano Bacci
- Department of Biology, Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Aurelio Luna
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Legaz
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Johnson M, Lloyd J, Tekkam S, Crooke SN, Witherden DA, Havran WL, Finn MG. Degradable Hydrogels for the Delivery of Immune-modulatory Proteins in the Wound Environment. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4779-4788. [PMID: 32984778 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds represent a growing clinical problem for which limited treatment strategies exist. Defects in immune cell-mediated healing play an important role in chronic wound development, presenting an attractive clinical target in the treatment of chronic wounds. However, efforts to improve healing through the application of growth factors and cytokines have been limited by the rapid degradation and diffusion of these molecules in the wound environment. In this study we sought to overcome the challenge of rapid diffusion through the development of a hydrogel delivery system in which protein cargo can be released into the wound environment at a constant and tunable rate. This system was used to deliver the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in order to target endogenous cells upstream of growth factor and cytokine production and circumvent the issue of their rapid degradation. We demonstrated that our delivery system was able to release cargo at different and highly controllable rates and thereby improved cargo retention in the wound environment. Additionally, treatment with ICAM-1 in the delivery system improved healing in both ICAM-1-deficient mice and an aged mouse model of delayed healing, highlighting a potential clinical benefit for this protein in the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Johnson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jessica Lloyd
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30306, USA
| | - Srinivas Tekkam
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30306, USA
| | - Stephen N Crooke
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30306, USA
| | - Deborah A Witherden
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Wendy L Havran
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - M G Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30306, USA
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Diagnosis of Vitality in Skin Wounds in the Ligature Marks Resulting From Suicide Hanging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 38:211-218. [DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Healed porcine incisions previously treated with a surgical incision management system: mechanical, histomorphometric, and gene expression properties. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2014; 38:767-78. [PMID: 24912426 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-014-0339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer and bench models have shown previously that surgical incision management with negative pressure (SIM) immediately decreases lateral tissue tension and increases incisional apposition. Better apposition is known to improve healing. Thus, SIM was hypothesized to improve the quality of incisional healing. This study evaluated the impact that 5 days of SIM had on mechanical properties and associated changes in the histology/histomorphometry and gene expression of healed porcine incisions. METHODS One incision in each of the 4 pairs of contralateral, sutured, full-thickness incisions in each of 6 Yucatan swine were treated with either SIM (Prevena™ Incision Management System; n = 24 incisions/treatment group) or standard of care (SOC; sterile absorbent abdominal pads; n = 24/group) for 5 days, after which both groups received SOC for an additional 5 days. Biopsies for gene-expression analyses were collected on days 5 (n = 6 pairs/group), 20 (n = 6 pairs/group), and 40 (n = 12 pairs/group). On day 40, the animals were killed, after which healed incisions were harvested for mechanical testing (n = 12/group) and histologic/histomorphometric evaluation (n = 12/group). RESULTS Compared with SOC-treated incisions, SIM-treated incisions had significantly improved (p < 0.05) mechanical properties (strain energy density, peak strain) and a narrower scar/healed area in the deep dermis on day 40. Differences in gene expression between SOC- and SIM-treated specimens were observed primarily on day 5. The SIM-treated specimens had significantly fewer genes, which were differentially expressed and showed reduced upregulation of genes associated with inflammation, hypoxia, retardation of reepithelialization, impaired wound healing, and scarring. CONCLUSION Early application of SIM improved the quality of healed porcine incisions in terms of mechanical, histomorphometric, and gene-expression properties. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Lau G, Lai SH. Forensic Histopathology. FORENSIC PATHOLOGY REVIEWS 2009. [PMCID: PMC7122801 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-110-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Forensic histopathology is the application of histological techniques and examination to forensic pathology practice. It is a unique and specialised aspect of pathology practice. This chapter highlights several differences in forensic histopathology practice compared to clinical and surgical histopathology practice. The various roles of microscopic tissue examination in forensic pathology practice are categorised and discussed. These are in relation to definitive pathological diagnosis, confirmation of equivocal and occult pathology, serving as a form of permanent record, and providing invaluable material for education and research. Case examples are included to illustrate the impact of routine histological examinations, special stain techniques, as well as immunohistochemistry where appropriate, towards relevant pathological diagnoses, which may or may not be directly relevant to the establishment of the cause of death. Lastly, the chapter also aims to highlight some recent advances as well as the challenges ahead in this field.
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