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Dedola S, Izumi M, Makimura Y, Seko A, Kanamori A, Takeda Y, Ito Y, Kajihara Y. Direct assay for endo-α-mannosidase substrate preference on correctly folded and misfolded model glycoproteins. Carbohydr Res 2016; 434:94-98. [PMID: 27623439 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a unique assay system for UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) toward glycoprotein folding intermediates during the folding process. The assay involved the in vitro folding of both high-mannose type oligosaccharyl crambin, which yielded only the correctly folded glycoprotein form (M9-glycosyl-native-crambin), and its mutant, which yielded misfolded glycoproteins (M9-glycosyl-misfolded-crambin), in the presence of UGGT. The process successfully yielded both mono-glucosylated M9-glycosyl-native-crambin (G1M9-glycosyl-native-crambin) and M9-glycosyl-misfolded-crambin (G1M9-glycosyl-misfolded-crambin). Here, we report the use of our in vitro folding system to evaluate the substrate preference of Golgi endo-α-mannosidase against G1M9-native and -misfolded glycoprotein forms. In our assay Golgi endo-α-mannosidase removed Glc-α-1-3-Man unit from G1M9-native and -misfolded-crambins clearly proving that Golgi endo-α-mannosidase does not have specific preference for correctly folded or misfolded protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dedola
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masayuki Izumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yutaka Makimura
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akira Seko
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akiko Kanamori
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takeda
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
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2
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McCarthy C, Saldova R, Wormald MR, Rudd PM, McElvaney NG, Reeves EP. The Role and Importance of Glycosylation of Acute Phase Proteins with Focus on Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Conditions. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3131-43. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500146y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cormac McCarthy
- Respiratory
Research Division, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont
Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Radka Saldova
- NIBRT
GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research
and Training, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mark R Wormald
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- NIBRT
GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research
and Training, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Noel G. McElvaney
- Respiratory
Research Division, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont
Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Emer P. Reeves
- Respiratory
Research Division, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont
Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Taatjes DJ. Cell biology of protein glycosylation: a celebration of the career of Jürgen Roth on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:547-52. [PMID: 24375674 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Microscopy Imaging Center, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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4
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Kukushkin NV, Easthope IS, Alonzi DS, Butters TD. Restricted processing of glycans by endomannosidase in mammalian cells. Glycobiology 2012; 22:1282-8. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Demonstration that endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of glycoproteins can occur downstream of processing by endomannosidase. Biochem J 2011; 438:133-42. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20110186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During quality control in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), nascent glycoproteins are deglucosylated by ER glucosidases I and II. In the post-ER compartments, glycoprotein endo-α-mannosidase provides an alternative route for deglucosylation. Previous evidence suggests that endomannosidase non-selectively deglucosylates glycoproteins that escape quality control in the ER, facilitating secretion of aberrantly folded as well as normal glycoproteins. In the present study, we employed FOS (free oligosaccharides) released from degrading glycoproteins as biomarkers of ERAD (ER-associated degradation), allowing us to gain a global rather than single protein-centred view of ERAD. Glucosidase inhibition was used to discriminate between glucosidase- and endomannosidase-mediated ERAD pathways. Endomannosidase expression was manipulated in CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary)-K1 cells, naturally lacking a functional version of the enzyme, and HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293T cells. Endomannosidase was shown to decrease the levels of total FOS, suggesting decreased rates of ERAD. However, following pharmacological inhibition of ER glucosidases I and II, endomannosidase expression resulted in a partial switch between glucosylated FOS, released from ER-confined glycoproteins, to deglucosylated FOS, released from endomannosidase-processed glycoproteins transported from the Golgi/ERGIC (ER/Golgi intermediate compartment) to the ER. Using this approach, we have identified a previously unknown pathway of glycoprotein flow, undetectable by the commonly employed methods, in which secretory cargo is targeted back to the ER after being processed by endomannosidase.
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Roth J, Zuber C, Park S, Jang I, Lee Y, Kysela KG, Le Fourn V, Santimaria R, Guhl B, Cho JW. Protein N-glycosylation, protein folding, and protein quality control. Mol Cells 2010; 30:497-506. [PMID: 21340671 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality control of protein folding represents a fundamental cellular activity. Early steps of protein N-glycosylation involving the removal of three glucose and some specific mannose residues in the endoplasmic reticulum have been recognized as being of importance for protein quality control. Specific oligosaccharide structures resulting from the oligosaccharide processing may represent a glycocode promoting productive protein folding, whereas others may represent glyco-codes for routing not correctly folded proteins for dislocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol and subsequent degradation. Although quality control of protein folding is essential for the proper functioning of cells, it is also the basis for protein folding disorders since the recognition and elimination of non-native conformers can result either in loss-of-function or pathological-gain-of-function. The machinery for protein folding control represents a prime example of an intricate interactome present in a single organelle, the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, current views of mechanisms for the recognition and retention leading to productive protein folding or the eventual elimination of misfolded glycoproteins in yeast and mammalian cells are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Roth
- Department of Integrated OMICs for Biomedical Sciences, WCU Program of Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
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Torossi T, Guhl B, Roth J, Ziak M. Endomannosidase undergoes phosphorylation in the Golgi apparatus. Glycobiology 2009; 20:55-61. [PMID: 19759276 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose residues from N-linked oligosaccharides are removed by glucosidases I and II in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or by the alternate endomannosidase pathway in the Golgi apparatus. Our morphological analysis demonstrates that recombinant rat endomannosidase exhibited a cis- and medial-Golgi localization alike the endogenous enzyme and its ER to Golgi transport is COP II mediated. Recombinant endomannosidase undergoes a posttranslational modification, which is not related to N-or O-glycosylation. A shift in molecular mass of recombinant endomannosidase was observed upon phosphatase digestion but not for ER-retained CHO cell endomannosidase. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation of (35)S- and (33)P-labeled endomannosidase expressed in CHO-K1 cells suggests that recombinant endomannosidase undergoes phosphorylation. Substitution of the single cytoplasmic threonine residue of rat endomannosidase by either an alanine or valine residue resulted in the same posttranslational modification alike the wild-type enzyme. The subcellular localization and the in vivo activity of the mutant endomannosidase were not affected. Thus, endomannosidase phosphorylation is occurring in luminal sequences. Modification was prevented when endomannosidase was synthesized using reticulocyte lysates in the presence of canine microsomes. Treatment of cells with brefeldin A blocked the posttranslational modification of endomannosidase, suggesting that phosphorylation is occurring in the Golgi apparatus, the residence of endomannosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Torossi
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Hirano K, Guhl B, Roth J, Ziak M. A cell culture system for the induction of Mallory bodies: Mallory bodies and aggresomes represent different types of inclusion bodies. Histochem Cell Biol 2009; 132:293-304. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-009-0598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Roth J, Yam GHF, Fan J, Hirano K, Gaplovska-Kysela K, Le Fourn V, Guhl B, Santimaria R, Torossi T, Ziak M, Zuber C. Protein quality control: the who's who, the where's and therapeutic escapes. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 129:163-77. [PMID: 18075753 PMCID: PMC2228381 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-007-0366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In cells the quality of newly synthesized proteins is monitored in regard to proper folding and correct assembly in the early secretory pathway, the cytosol and the nucleoplasm. Proteins recognized as non-native in the ER will be removed and degraded by a process termed ERAD. ERAD of aberrant proteins is accompanied by various changes of cellular organelles and results in protein folding diseases. This review focuses on how the immunocytochemical labeling and electron microscopic analyses have helped to disclose the in situ subcellular distribution pattern of some of the key machinery proteins of the cellular protein quality control, the organelle changes due to the presence of misfolded proteins, and the efficiency of synthetic chaperones to rescue disease-causing trafficking defects of aberrant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Roth
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, University Eye Centre, Mongkok, Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Jingyu Fan
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biophysics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kiyoko Hirano
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003 Japan
| | - Katarina Gaplovska-Kysela
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Le Fourn
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Guhl
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Santimaria
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tania Torossi
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ziak
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Zuber
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Fan JY, Roth J, Zuber C. Expression of mutant Ins2C96Y results in enhanced tubule formation causing enlargement of pre-Golgi intermediates of CHO cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2007; 128:161-73. [PMID: 17647009 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-007-0304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Misfolded proteins are recognized by the protein quality control and eventually degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Previously, we demonstrated accumulation of a misfolded non-glycosylated protein, namely proinsulin, in enlarged pre-Golgi intermediates and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) domains in pancreatic beta-cells of Akita mice. In order to exclude effects possibly due to coexisting wild type and mutant proinsulin in pancreatic beta-cells, CHO cells expressing singly wild type or mutant C96Y proinsulin 2 were now analyzed by electron microscopic morphometry and immunogold labeling as well as serial section 3D analysis. We found a significant increase in volume density of pre-Golgi intermediates in CHO Ins2(C96Y) cells which was principally due to an increase of its tubular elements, and no significant changes of the ER. The average diameter of the pre-Golgi intermediates of CHO Ins2(C96Y) cells was about twice that of CHO Ins2(wt) cells. The enlarged pre-Golgi intermediates and the ER of CHO Ins2(C96Y) cells were positive for proinsulin, which was not detectable in the significantly enlarged Golgi cisternal stack. Treatment of CHO Ins2(C96Y) cells with proteasome inhibitors resulted in the formation of proinsulin-containing aggresomes. We conclude that misfolded proinsulin causes enlargement of pre-Golgi intermediates which indicates their involvement in protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Fan
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zürich, CH-8091, Zürich, Switzerland,
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11
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Zuber C, Cormier JH, Guhl B, Santimaria R, Hebert DN, Roth J. EDEM1 reveals a quality control vesicular transport pathway out of the endoplasmic reticulum not involving the COPII exit sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:4407-12. [PMID: 17360537 PMCID: PMC1810509 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0700154104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature and nonnative proteins are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the quality control machinery. Folding-incompetent glycoproteins are eventually targeted for ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). EDEM1 (ER degradation-enhancing alpha-mannosidase-like protein 1), a putative mannose-binding protein, targets misfolded glycoproteins for ERAD. We report that endogenous EDEM1 exists mainly as a soluble glycoprotein. By high-resolution immunolabeling and serial section analysis, we find that endogenous EDEM1 is sequestered in buds that form along cisternae of the rough ER at regions outside of the transitional ER. They give rise to approximately 150-nm vesicles scattered throughout the cytoplasm that are lacking a recognizable COPII coat. About 87% of the immunogold labeling was over the vesicles and approximately 11% over the ER lumen. Some of the EDEM1 vesicles also contain Derlin-2 and the misfolded Hong Kong variant of alpha-1-antitrypsin, a substrate for EDEM1 and ERAD. Our results demonstrate the existence of a vesicle budding transport pathway out of the rough ER that does not involve the canonical transitional ER exit sites and therefore represents a previously unrecognized passageway to remove potentially harmful misfolded luminal glycoproteins from the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zuber
- *Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - James H. Cormier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9305
| | - Bruno Guhl
- *Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Roger Santimaria
- *Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Daniel N. Hebert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9305
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Jürgen Roth
- *Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
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