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Prieto-Oliveira P. Telomerase activation in the treatment of aging or degenerative diseases: a systematic review. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:599-607. [PMID: 33001374 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are protective structures that are shortened during the lifetime, resulting in aging and degenerative diseases. Subjects experiencing aging and degenerative disorders present smaller telomeres than young and healthy ones. The size of these structures can be stabilized by telomerase, an enzyme which is inactive in adult tissues but functional in fetal and newborn tissues and adult testes and ovaries. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to evaluate the effect of telomerase activation in the treatment of degenerative and aging disorders. We accomplished the search using the Pubmed interface for papers published from September 1985 to April 16th, 2020. We found twenty one studies that matched our eligibility criteria. I concluded that telomerase is probably a potential and safe treatment for aging and degenerative diseases, demonstrating neither side effects nor risk of cancer in the selected studies. Further studies in humans are needed to confirm safety and efficiency of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prieto-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, Pedro de Toledo Street 781, 16th Floor, Retrovirology, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04039-032, Brazil.
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Bashyal B, Li L, Bains T, Debnath A, LaBarbera DV. Larrea tridentata: A novel source for anti-parasitic agents active against Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Naegleria fowleri. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005832. [PMID: 28793307 PMCID: PMC5565192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protozoan parasites infect and kill millions of people worldwide every year, particularly in developing countries where access to clean fresh water is limited. Among the most common are intestinal parasites, including Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica. These parasites wreak havoc on the epithelium lining the small intestines (G. lamblia) and colon (E. histolytica) causing giardiasis and amebiasis, respectively. In addition, there are less common but far more deadly pathogens such as Naegleria fowleri that thrive in warm waters and infect the central nervous systems of their victims via the nasal passages. Despite their prevalence and associated high mortality rates, there remains an unmet need to identify more effective therapeutics for people infected with these opportunistic parasites. To address this unmet need, we have surveyed plants and traditional herbal medicines known throughout the world to identify novel antiparasitic agents with activity against G. lamblia, E. histolytica, and N. fowleri. Herein, we report Larrea tridentata, known as creosote bush, as a novel source for secondary metabolites that display antiparasitic activity against all three pathogens. This report also characterizes the lignan compound classes, nordihydroguairetic acid and demethoxyisoguaiacin, as novel antiparasitic lead agents to further develop more effective drug therapy options for millions of people worldwide. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Naegleria fowleri pathogens are widespread throughout the world infecting and killing hundreds of thousands of people every year. They are also listed as category B bioterrorism agents by the NIH and the CDC. However, there is a serious unmet need to develop more effective therapies to treat these deadly pathogens. Herein we describe that lignans isolated from the creosote bush, common to the southwestern U.S.A. and throughout Mexico, display relatively potent antiparasitic activity against E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and N. fowleri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bashyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Trpta Bains
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Anjan Debnath
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DVL); (AD)
| | - Daniel V. LaBarbera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DVL); (AD)
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Liebler S, Grunert F, Thompson J, Wedel M, Schlosshauer B. Towards a biofunctionalized vascular prosthesis: immune cell trapping via a growth factor receptor. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2699-2709. [PMID: 27225726 DOI: 10.1002/term.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To improve the clinical performance of vascular prostheses, which is inacceptably low for implants with small diameters (< 6 mm), biofunctionalization of synthetic implants by endothelialization has become a major, although still unreached, aim. In order to be able to recruit native endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to luminal implant surfaces from the blood stream, we generated monoclonal antibodies against the EPC-specific vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). Employing the very efficient genetic immunization strategy, > 10 000 hybridoma clones were generated. Screening with various deletion mutants of VEGFR-2, 49 highly-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) covering all seven Ig domains of VEGFR-2 were selected. mAb 9H10 was characterized in detail. Once immobilized on synthetic surfaces, mAb 9H10 allowed, within min, nearly 100-fold enrichment of VEGFR-2-expressing cells under continuous flow conditions. Cell trapping was cell-type specific and essentially not affected by competing VEGFR-2-negative cells. To exclude that the antibody would adversely modify receptor responses, four different in vitro assays were employed. Cell proliferation, angiogenic tube formation, acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake and VEGFR-2 phosphorylation remained unaffected, suggesting that the antibody did not interfere with the receptor functioning of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. The molecular and cellular characteristics make the selected monoclonal antibody a very promising tool for the biofunctionalization of vascular implants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Liebler
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI), University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Miriam Wedel
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI), University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Schlosshauer
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI), University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
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Knock-Down of the 37kDa/67kDa Laminin Receptor LRP/LR Impedes Telomerase Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141618. [PMID: 26545108 PMCID: PMC4636255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become a major problem worldwide due to its increasing incidence and mortality rates. Both the 37kDa/67kDa laminin receptor (LRP/LR) and telomerase are overexpressed in cancer cells. LRP/LR enhances the invasiveness of cancer cells thereby promoting metastasis, supporting angiogenesis and hampering apoptosis. An essential component of telomerase, hTERT is overexpressed in 85-90% of most cancers. hTERT expression and increased telomerase activity are associated with tumor progression. As LRP/LR and hTERT both play a role in cancer progression, we investigated a possible correlation between LRP/LR and telomerase. LRP/LR and hTERT co-localized in the perinuclear compartment of tumorigenic breast cancer (MDA_MB231) cells and non-tumorigenic human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. FLAG® Co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed an interaction between LRP/LR and hTERT. In addition, flow cytometry revealed that both cell lines displayed high cell surface and intracellular LRP/LR and hTERT levels. Knock-down of LRP/LR by RNAi technology significantly reduced telomerase activity. These results suggest for the first time a novel function of LRP/LR in contributing to telomerase activity. siRNAs targeting LRP/LR may act as a potential alternative therapeutic tool for cancer treatment by (i) blocking metastasis (ii) promoting angiogenesis (iii) inducing apoptosis and (iv) impeding telomerase activity.
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Kustermann S, Manigold T, Ploix C, Skubatz M, Heckel T, Hinton H, Weiser T, Singer T, Suter L, Roth A. A Real-time Impedance-Based Screening Assay for Drug-Induced Vascular Leakage. Toxicol Sci 2014; 138:333-43. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schmedt T, Chen Y, Nguyen TT, Li S, Bonanno JA, Jurkunas UV. Telomerase immortalization of human corneal endothelial cells yields functional hexagonal monolayers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51427. [PMID: 23284695 PMCID: PMC3528758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs) form a monolayer of hexagonal cells whose main function is to maintain corneal clarity by regulating corneal hydration. HCEnCs are derived from neural crest and are arrested in the post-mitotic state. Thus cell loss due to aging or corneal endothelial disorders leads to corneal edema and blindness-the leading indication for corneal transplantation. Here we show the existence of morphologically distinct subpopulations of HCEnCs that are interspersed among primary cells and exhibit enhanced self-renewal competence and lack of phenotypic signs of cellular senescence. Colonies of these uniform and hexagonal HCEnCs (HCEnC-21) were selectively isolated and demonstrated high proliferative potential that was dependent on endogenous upregulation of telomerase and cyclin D/CDK4. Further transduction of HCEnC-21 with telomerase yielded a highly proliferative corneal endothelial cell line (HCEnT-21T) that was devoid of oncogenic transformation and retained critical corneal endothelial cell characteristics and functionality. This study will significantly impact the fields of corneal cell biology and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thore Schmedt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuming Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tracy T. Nguyen
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Shimin Li
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Bonanno
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ula V. Jurkunas
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Hartwig FP, Nedel F, Collares TV, Tarquinio SBC, Nör JE, Demarco FF. Telomeres and Tissue Engineering: The Potential Roles of TERT in VEGF-mediated Angiogenesis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:1275-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Baumer Y, Leder C, Ziegler M, Schönberger T, Ochmann C, Perk A, Degen H, Schmid-Horch B, Elvers M, Münch G, Ungerer M, Schlosshauer B, Gawaz M. The recombinant bifunctional protein αCD133-GPVI promotes repair of the infarcted myocardium in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:1152-64. [PMID: 22448969 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone-marrow-derived progenitor cells are important in myocardial repair mechanisms following prolonged ischemia. Cell-based therapy of diseased myocardium is limited by a low level of tissue engraftment. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was the development of the bifunctional protein αCD133-glycoprotein (GP)VI as an effective treatment for supporting vascular and myocardial repair mechanisms. RESULTS We have generated and characterized a bifunctional molecule (αCD133-GPVI) that binds both to the subendothelium of the injured microvasculature and to CD133(+) progenitor cells with high affinity. αCD133-GPVI enhances progenitor cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins and differentiation into mature endothelial cells. In vivo studies showed that αCD133-GPVI favors adhesion of circulating progenitor cells to the injured vessel wall (intravital microscopy). Also, treatment of mice undergoing experimental myocardial infarction with αCD133-GPVI-labeled progenitor cells reduces infarction size and preserves myocardial function. CONCLUSIONS The bifunctional trapping protein αCD133-GPVI represents a novel and promising therapeutic option for limiting heart failure of the ischemic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Baumer
- NMI, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Regenerative Medicine I, Reutlingen University Clinic of Tübingen, Germany
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Baumer Y, Scholz B, Ivanov S, Schlosshauer B. Telomerase-based immortalization modifies the angiogenic/inflammatory responses of human coronary artery endothelial cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 236:692-700. [PMID: 21558092 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.010300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is fundamental in determining the life span by regulating telomere length of chromosomes. To address the question whether the enhancement of the proliferative potential hampers cell differentiation, we generated TERT-over-expressing endothelial cells (ECs) and analyzed in vitro their (1) barrier function; (2) low-density lipoprotein uptake; (3) expression pattern of six selected marker proteins; (4) angiogenic potential in four assays; and (5) inflammatory responses. In contrast to investigations with focus on other cell parameters, we demonstrate that immortalization of ECs by over-expression of TERT resulted in different angiogenic and inflammatory behavior in comparison to cells with low native telomerase levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Baumer
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Regenerative Medicine I, Markwiesenstrasse 55, Reutlingen, Germany
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Daniels DJ, Clothier C, Swan DC, Saretzki G. Immediate and gradual gene expression changes in telomerase over-expressing fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 399:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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