1
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Beunk L, Wen N, van Helvert S, Bekker B, Ran L, Kang R, Paulat T, Syga S, Deutsch A, Friedl P, Wolf K. Cell jamming in a collagen-based interface assay is tuned by collagen density and proteolysis. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260207. [PMID: 37987169 PMCID: PMC10753497 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasion into heterogenous interstitial tissues consisting of network-, channel- or rift-like architectures involves both matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated tissue remodeling and cell shape adaptation to tissue geometry. Three-dimensional (3D) models composed of either porous or linearly aligned architectures have added to the understanding of how physical spacing principles affect migration efficacy; however, the relative contribution of each architecture to decision making in the presence of varying MMP availability is not known. Here, we developed an interface assay containing a cleft between two high-density collagen lattices, and we used this assay to probe tumor cell invasion efficacy, invasion mode and MMP dependence in concert. In silico modeling predicted facilitated cell migration into confining clefts independently of MMP activity, whereas migration into dense porous matrix was predicted to require matrix degradation. This prediction was verified experimentally, where inhibition of collagen degradation was found to strongly compromise migration into 3D collagen in a density-dependent manner, but interface-guided migration remained effective, occurring by cell jamming. The 3D interface assay reported here may serve as a suitable model to better understand the impact of in vivo-relevant interstitial tissue topologies on tumor invasion patterning and responses to molecular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne Beunk
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Nan Wen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd van Helvert
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Bekker
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Science, Mathematics and Informatics, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Ran
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Science, Mathematics and Informatics, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ross Kang
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Science, Mathematics and Informatics, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Paulat
- Department of Innovative Computing, Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technical University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Simon Syga
- Department of Innovative Computing, Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technical University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Deutsch
- Department of Innovative Computing, Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technical University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA 6525, The Netherlands
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Katarina Wolf
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA 6525, The Netherlands
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2
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Behring L, Ruiz-Gómez G, Trapp C, Morales M, Wodtke R, Köckerling M, Kopka K, Pisabarro MT, Pietzsch J, Löser R. Dipeptide-Derived Alkynes as Potent and Selective Irreversible Inhibitors of Cysteine Cathepsins. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3818-3851. [PMID: 36867428 PMCID: PMC10041539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential of designing irreversible alkyne-based inhibitors of cysteine cathepsins by isoelectronic replacement in reversibly acting potent peptide nitriles was explored. The synthesis of the dipeptide alkynes was developed with special emphasis on stereochemically homogeneous products obtained in the Gilbert-Seyferth homologation for C≡C bond formation. Twenty-three dipeptide alkynes and 12 analogous nitriles were synthesized and investigated for their inhibition of cathepsins B, L, S, and K. Numerous combinations of residues at positions P1 and P2 as well as terminal acyl groups allowed for the derivation of extensive structure-activity relationships, which were rationalized by computational covalent docking for selected examples. The determined inactivation constants of the alkynes at the target enzymes span a range of >3 orders of magnitude (3-10 133 M-1 s-1). Notably, the selectivity profiles of alkynes do not necessarily reflect those of the nitriles. Inhibitory activity at the cellular level was demonstrated for selected compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Behring
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gloria Ruiz-Gómez
- BIOTEC, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Trapp
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maryann Morales
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Köckerling
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Teresa Pisabarro
- BIOTEC, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Reik Löser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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3
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Callahan BM, Patel JS, Fawcett TJ, Blanck G. Cytoskeleton and
ECM
tumor mutant peptides: Increased protease sensitivities and potential consequences for the
HLA
class
I
mutant epitope reservoir. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:988-998. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blake M. Callahan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of MedicineTampa Florida
| | - Jay S. Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of MedicineTampa Florida
| | | | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of MedicineTampa Florida
- Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer and Research InstituteTampa Florida
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4
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Zhou JJ, Huang Y, Zhang X, Cheng Y, Tang L, Ma X. Eyes absent gene (EYA1) is a pathogenic driver and a therapeutic target for melanoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105081-105092. [PMID: 29285235 PMCID: PMC5739622 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
EYA1 is a DNA repair enzyme that is induced after DNA damage and is upregulated in melanoma. However, its role in pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of melanoma is unknown. Our objectives are (1) to study the relationship between EYA1 expression levels and melanoma patients’ clinical pathologic parameters including survival; (2) to investigate its impact on cultured melanoma cells in vitro; and (3) to evaluate EYA1 inhibitors’ potential as a treatment of melanoma. Melanoma tissue microarrays were used to assess EYA1 protein expression in 326 melanoma tissues, and to correlate the expression with patients’ clinical pathological parameters. In addition, retroviral ShRNA vectors were used to silence expression of EYA1 in A375 melanoma cells, and the resultant cells examined for changes in growth, DNA synthesis, and tumor formation in vitro. Lastly, melanoma cells were treated with benzbromarone with or without the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Our results showed that EYA1 protein is low in benign nevi, but is significantly up-regulated in melanoma in situ, and remains high in invasive and metastatic melanoma. In addition, silencing of EYA1 gene expression resulted in decreased proliferation and colony formation. These were associated with decreased cyclin D1 and increased phosphorylated histone protein γH2AX. Finally, treatment with benzbromarone, a specific inhibitor of EYA1, caused significant inhibition of melanoma cell proliferation, and increased sensitivity to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. In conclusion, EYA1 gene is a pathogenic driver in melanoma pathogenesis. Targeting EYA1 may be a valuable strategy for treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Welichem Biotech Inc., Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Yuanshen Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yabin Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Liren Tang
- Welichem Biotech Inc., Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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5
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Delaunay T, Deschamps L, Haddada M, Walker F, Soosaipillai A, Soualmia F, El Amri C, Diamandis EP, Brattsand M, Magdolen V, Darmoul D. Aberrant expression of kallikrein-related peptidase 7 is correlated with human melanoma aggressiveness by stimulating cell migration and invasion. Mol Oncol 2017. [PMID: 28636767 PMCID: PMC5623816 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the tissue kallikrein‐related peptidase (KLK) family not only regulate several important physiological functions, but aberrant expression has also been associated with various malignancies. Clinically, KLKs have been suggested as promising biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in many types of cancer. As of yet, expression of KLKs and their role in skin cancers are, however, poorly addressed. Malignant melanoma is an aggressive disease associated with poor prognosis. Hence, diagnostic biomarkers to monitor melanoma progression are needed. Herein, we demonstrate that although mRNA of several KLKs are aberrantly expressed in melanoma cell lines, only the KLK7 protein is highly secreted in vitro. In line with these findings, ectopic expression of KLK7 in human melanomas and its absence in benign nevi were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in vivo. Interestingly, overexpression of KLK7 induced a significant reduction in melanoma cell proliferation and colony formation. Moreover, KLK7 overexpression triggered an increase in cell motility and invasion associated with decreased expression of E‐cadherin and an upregulation of MCAM/CD146. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that aberrant KLK7 expression leads to a switch from proliferative to invasive phenotype, suggesting a potential role of KLK7 in melanoma progression. Thus, we hypothesize that KLK7 may represent a potential biomarker for melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Delaunay
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS-S976, Université Paris Diderot, France
| | - Lydia Deschamps
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Meriem Haddada
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS-S976, Université Paris Diderot, France
| | - Francine Walker
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | | | - Feryel Soualmia
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS-UPMC, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Chahrazade El Amri
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS-UPMC, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | | | - Maria Brattsand
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Viktor Magdolen
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Dalila Darmoul
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS-S976, Université Paris Diderot, France
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6
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Karachalios C, Bakas P, Kaparos G, Demeridou S, Liapis I, Grigoriadis C, Liapis A. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene promoter polymorphisms: A potential risk factor for pelvic organ prolapse. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:337-343. [PMID: 27588175 PMCID: PMC4997987 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common multifactorial condition. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes capable of breaking down various connective tissue elements. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in regulatory areas of MMP-encoding genes can alter their transcription rate, and therefore the possible effect on pelvic floor supporting structures. The insertion of an adenine (A) base in the promoter of the MMP-3 gene at position -1612/-1617 produces a sequence of six adenines (6A), whereas the other allele has five (5A). The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association of MMP-3 gene promoter SNPs with the risk of POP. The patient group comprised 80 women with clinically significant POP [Stage II, III or IV; POP quantification (POP-Q) system]. The control group consisted of 80 females without any or important pelvic floor support defects (Stages 0 or I; POP-Q system). All the participants underwent the same preoperative evaluation. SNP detection was determined with whole blood sample DNA analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in LightCycler® PCR platforms, using the technique of sequence-specific hybridization probe-binding assays and melting temperature curve analysis. The results showed there was no statistically significant difference between 5A/5A, 5A/6A and 6A/6A MMP-3 gene promoter variants in the two study groups (P=0.4758). Therefore, MMP-3 gene promoter SNPs alone is insufficient to increase the genetic susceptibility to POP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Karachalios
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Bakas
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Georgios Kaparos
- Department of Biopathology, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Styliani Demeridou
- Department of Biopathology, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Ilias Liapis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Charalampos Grigoriadis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Aggelos Liapis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece
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7
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Ortega-Martínez I, Gardeazabal J, Erramuzpe A, Sanchez-Diez A, Cortés J, García-Vázquez MD, Pérez-Yarza G, Izu R, Luís Díaz-Ramón J, de la Fuente IM, Asumendi A, Boyano MD. Vitronectin and dermcidin serum levels predict the metastatic progression of AJCC I-II early-stage melanoma. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1598-607. [PMID: 27216146 PMCID: PMC5089559 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Like many cancers, an early diagnosis of melanoma is fundamental to ensure a good prognosis, although an important proportion of stage I-II patients may still develop metastasis during follow-up. The aim of this work was to discover serum biomarkers in patients diagnosed with primary melanoma that identify those at a high risk of developing metastasis during the follow-up period. Proteomic and mass spectrophotometry analysis was performed on serum obtained from patients who developed metastasis during the first years after surgery for primary tumors and compared with that from patients who remained disease-free for more than 10 years after surgery. Five proteins were selected for validation as prognostic factors in 348 melanoma patients and 100 controls by ELISA: serum amyloid A and clusterin; immune system proteins; the cell adhesion molecules plakoglobin and vitronectin and the antimicrobial protein dermcidin. Compared to healthy controls, melanoma patients have high serum levels of these proteins at the moment of melanoma diagnosis, although the specific values were not related to the histopathological stage of the tumors. However, an analysis based on classification together with multivariate statistics showed that tumor stage, vitronectin and dermcidin levels were associated with the metastatic progression of patients with early-stage melanoma. Although melanoma patients have increased serum dermcidin levels, the REPTree classifier showed that levels of dermcidin <2.98 μg/ml predict metastasis in AJCC stage II patients. These data suggest that vitronectin and dermcidin are potent biomarkers of prognosis, which may help to improve the personalized medical care of melanoma patients and their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Ortega-Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Gardeazabal
- Department of Dermatology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Asier Erramuzpe
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Sanchez-Diez
- Department of Dermatology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Cortés
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque: The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - María D García-Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gorka Pérez-Yarza
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rosa Izu
- Department of Dermatology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jose Luís Díaz-Ramón
- Department of Dermatology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ildefonso M de la Fuente
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias De La Salud, Avenida Del Conocimiento S/N, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Aintzane Asumendi
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - María D Boyano
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
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8
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Melanoma cell lysosome secretory burst neutralizes the CTL-mediated cytotoxicity at the lytic synapse. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10823. [PMID: 26940455 PMCID: PMC4785227 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human melanoma cells express various tumour antigens that are recognized by CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and elicit tumour-specific responses in vivo. However, natural and therapeutically enhanced CTL responses in melanoma patients are of limited efficacy. The mechanisms underlying CTL effector phase failure when facing melanomas are still largely elusive. Here we show that, on conjugation with CTL, human melanoma cells undergo an active late endosome/lysosome trafficking, which is intensified at the lytic synapse and is paralleled by cathepsin-mediated perforin degradation and deficient granzyme B penetration. Abortion of SNAP-23-dependent lysosomal trafficking, pH perturbation or impairment of lysosomal proteolytic activity restores susceptibility to CTL attack. Inside the arsenal of melanoma cell strategies to escape immune surveillance, we identify a self-defence mechanism based on exacerbated lysosome secretion and perforin degradation at the lytic synapse. Interfering with this synaptic self-defence mechanism might be useful in potentiating CTL-mediated therapies in melanoma patients.
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9
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Löser R, Pietzsch J. Cysteine cathepsins: their role in tumor progression and recent trends in the development of imaging probes. Front Chem 2015; 3:37. [PMID: 26157794 PMCID: PMC4477214 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Papain-like cysteine proteases bear an enormous potential as drug discovery targets for both infectious and systemic human diseases. The considerable progress in this field over the last two decades has also raised interest in the visualization of these enzymes in their native context, especially with regard to tumor imaging. After a short introduction to structure and general functions of human cysteine cathepsins, we highlight their importance for drug discovery and development and provide a critical update on the current state of knowledge toward their involvement in tumor progression, with a special emphasis on their role in therapy response. In accordance with a radiopharmaceutical point of view, the main focus of this review article will be the discussion of recently developed fluorescence and radiotracer-based imaging agents together with related molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reik Löser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden, Germany ; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden, Germany ; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
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10
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Vlaykova T, Kurzawski M, Tacheva T, Dimov D, Gulubova M, Yovchev Y, Chakarov S, Drozdzik M. Investigation of the role of MMP3 -1171insA polymorphism in cutaneous malignant melanoma - a preliminary study. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:904-910. [PMID: 26019576 PMCID: PMC4434098 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.947694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coetaneous malignant melanoma is the most aggressive cancer of the skin with a high rate of mortality worldwide. Degradation of basement membranes and extracellular matrix is an essential step in cancer invasion and metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) play key roles in this step. MMP-3 also called stromelysin-1 was one of the first proteinases found to be associated with cancer. In the gene of MMP-3 (MMP3), an insertion/deletion of an A nucleotide at position -1171 in promoter region has been identified and shown to effect the expression activity of the gene. The present study was conducted to investigate the relation of MMP3 -1171insA polymorphism with skin malignant melanoma risk in a pilot case-control study of Bulgarian patients (n = 26) and unaffected controls (n = 172). The genotypes of controls and melanoma patients were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The results showed no statistically significant difference both in genotype and allele frequencies of MMP3 -1171insA polymorphism between melanoma patients and healthy controls either in crude analyses (p = 0.360 and 0.790, c2-test) or after adjustment for age and sex. The comparison of some clinical characteristics between the patients with different genotypes showed a trend for longer survival of patients with 6A/6A genotype compared to the carriers of 5A allele (5A/5A+5A/6A genotypes, p = 0.118, Log rank test). The results of our current preliminary study do not provide evidence for the role of the promoter polymorphism -1171insA in MMP3 as a risk factor for development of coetaneous melanoma, but suggest its implication in progression of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Vlaykova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia Univesity , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
| | - Mateusz Kurzawski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Tanya Tacheva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia Univesity , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
| | - Dimo Dimov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Trakia Univesity , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
| | - Maya Gulubova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakia Univesity , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
| | - Yovcho Yovchev
- Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Trakia Univesity , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
| | - Stoyan Chakarov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Marek Drozdzik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
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11
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Zhao K, Wei L, Hui H, Dai Q, You QD, Guo QL, Lu N. Wogonin suppresses melanoma cell B16-F10 invasion and migration by inhibiting Ras-medicated pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106458. [PMID: 25203554 PMCID: PMC4159230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The patients diagnosed with melanoma have a bad prognosis for early regional invasion and distant metastases. Wogonin (5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) is one of the active components of flavonoids that extracts from Scutellariae radix. Several previous studies reported that wogonin possesses antitumor effect against leukemia, gastrointestinal cancer and breast cancer. In this study, we used melanoma cell B16-F10 to further investigate the anti-invasive and anti-migratory activity of wogonin. Our date showed that wogonin caused suppression of cell migration, adhesion, invasion and actin remodeling by inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and Rac1 in vitro. Wogonin also reduced the number of the tumor nodules on the whole surface of the lung in vivo. Furthermore, the examination of mechanism revealed that wogonin inhibited Extracellular Regulated protein Kinases and Protein Kinase B pathways, which are both medicated by Ras. Insulin-like growth factor-1-induced or tumor necrosis factor-α-induced invasion was also inhibited by wogonin. Therefore, the inhibitory mechanism of melanoma cell invasion by wogonin might be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinsheng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (Q-DY); (Q-LG); (NL)
| | - Qing-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (Q-DY); (Q-LG); (NL)
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (Q-DY); (Q-LG); (NL)
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12
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Raghav N, Singh M. Acyl hydrazides and triazoles as novel inhibitors of mammalian cathepsin B and cathepsin H. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 77:231-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Huang YX, Qi J, Wang HS, Shao XB, Zeng XS, Li AM, Xu XL, Sun JF. Expression analysis of ovostatin 2 reveals its involvement in proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of cutaneous malignant melanoma. J Dermatol 2013; 40:901-10. [PMID: 24112097 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of ovostatin 2 (OVOS2) expression with the clinicopathological features of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) was investigated to identify OVOS2 expression in cutaneous melanocytic lesions, and to reveal whether OVOS2 has a function in melanoma progression. Eight specimens of CMM and paracancerous tissue were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot for the mRNA and protein expression of OVOS2, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 52 CMM and 62 nevi, followed by clinicopathological significance analysis. The proliferative cells were visualized by staining with Ki-67 antibody. The intensity of angiogenesis was assessed by staining with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Real-time PCR and western blot analyses showed that OVOS2 was significantly upregulated in cutaneous melanoma than in paired normal skins. Immunohistochemistry showed that 86.5% (45/52) of malignant cases showed OVOS2 cytoplasmic expression compared with 29% (18/62) in benign nevi. OVOS2 expression was significantly higher in invasive and metastatic melanoma than in in situ melanoma (P < 0.01). Furthermore, OVOS2 expression was positively correlated with the known prognostic variables of melanoma including clinical stage, Clark level and Breslow depth. It was also significantly associated with ulcer status, Ki-67 labeling index and VEGF expression in primary melanoma. OVOS2 expression was significantly increased in CMM, which increased incrementally from benign nevi to melanoma and appeared to be involved in the progression of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
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14
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Yin M, Soikkeli J, Jahkola T, Virolainen S, Saksela O, Hölttä E. TGF-β signaling, activated stromal fibroblasts, and cysteine cathepsins B and L drive the invasive growth of human melanoma cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:2202-16. [PMID: 23063511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells are important for the development/progression of many cancers. Herein, we found that the invasive growth of melanoma cells in three-dimensional-Matrigel/collagen-I matrices is dramatically increased on their co-culture with embryonic or adult skin fibroblasts. Studies with fluorescent-labeled cells revealed that the melanoma cells first activate the fibroblasts, which then take the lead in invasion. To identify the physiologically relevant invasion-related proteases involved, we performed genome-wide microarray analyses of invasive human melanomas and benign nevi; we found up-regulation of cysteine cathepsins B and L, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and -9, and urokinase- and tissue-type plasminogen activators. The mRNA levels of cathepsins B/L and plasminogen activators, but not MMPs, correlated with metastasis. The invasiveness/growth of the melanoma cells with fibroblasts was inhibited by cell membrane-permeable inhibitors of cathepsins B/L, but not by wide-spectrum inhibitors of MMPs. The IHC analysis of primary melanomas and benign nevi revealed cathepsin B to be predominantly expressed by melanoma cells and cathepsin L to be predominantly expressed by the tumor-associated fibroblasts surrounding the invading melanoma cells. Finally, cathepsin B regulated TGF-β production/signaling, which was required for the activation of fibroblasts and their promotion of the invasive growth of melanoma cells. These data provide a basis for testing inhibitors of TGF-β signaling and cathepsins B/L in the therapy of invasive/metastatic melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yin
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 3, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Chang JY, Chiang MF, Lin SR, Lee MH, He H, Chou PY, Chen SJ, Chen YA, Yang LY, Lai FJ, Hsieh CC, Hsieh TH, Sheu HM, Sze CI, Chang NS. TIAF1 self-aggregation in peritumor capsule formation, spontaneous activation of SMAD-responsive promoter in p53-deficient environment, and cell death. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e302. [PMID: 22534828 PMCID: PMC3358014 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-aggregation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)1-induced antiapoptotic factor (TIAF1) is known in the nondemented human hippocampus, and the aggregating process may lead to generation of amyloid β (Aβ) for causing neurodegeneration. Here, we determined that overexpressed TIAF1 exhibits as aggregates together with Smad4 and Aβ in the cancer stroma and peritumor capsules of solid tumors. Also, TIAF1/Aβ aggregates are shown on the interface between brain neural cells and the metastatic cancer cell mass. TIAF1 is upregulated in developing tumors, but may disappear in established metastatic cancer cells. Growing neuroblastoma cells on the extracellular matrices from other cancer cell types induced production of aggregated TIAF1 and Aβ. In vitro induction of TIAF1 self-association upregulated the expression of tumor suppressors Smad4 and WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WOX1 or WWOX), and WOX1 in turn increased the TIAF1 expression. TIAF1/Smad4 interaction further enhanced Aβ formation. TIAF1 is known to suppress SMAD-regulated promoter activation. Intriguingly, without p53, self-aggregating TIAF1 spontaneously activated the SMAD-regulated promoter. TIAF1 was essential for p53-, WOX1- and dominant-negative JNK1-induced cell death. TIAF1, p53 and WOX1 acted synergistically in suppressing anchorage-independent growth, blocking cell migration and causing apoptosis. Together, TIAF1 shows an aggregation-dependent control of tumor progression and metastasis, and regulation of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - M-F Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - S-R Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - M-H Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - H He
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - P-Y Chou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - S-J Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Y-A Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - L-Y Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - F-J Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - C-C Hsieh
- Department of Dermatology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - T-H Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - H-M Sheu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - C-I Sze
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - N-S Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signal Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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16
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Caracelli I, Vega-Teijido M, Zukerman-Schpector J, Cezari MH, Lopes JG, Juliano L, Santos PS, Comasseto JV, Cunha RL, Tiekink ER. A tellurium-based cathepsin B inhibitor: Molecular structure, modelling, molecular docking and biological evaluation. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Wulfänger J, Schneider H, Wild P, Ikenberg K, Rodolfo M, Rivoltini L, Meyer S, Riemann D, Seliger B. Promoter methylation of aminopeptidase N/CD13 in malignant melanoma. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:781-90. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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18
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van den Berg BHJ, Tholey A. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics strategies for protease cleavage site identification. Proteomics 2012; 12:516-29. [PMID: 22246699 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Protease-catalyzed hydrolysis of peptide bonds is one of the most pivotal post-translational modifications fulfilling manifold functions in the regulation of cellular processes. Therefore, dysregulation of proteolytic reactions plays a central role in many pathophysiological events. For this reason, understanding the molecular mechanisms in proteolytic reactions, in particular the knowledge of proteases involved in complex processes, expression levels and activity of protease and knowledge of the targeted substrates are an indispensable prerequisite for targeted drug development. The present review focuses on mass spectrometry-based proteomic methods for the analysis of protease cleavage sites, including the identification of the hydrolyzed bonds as well as of the surrounding sequence. Peptide- and protein-centric approaches and bioinformatic tools for experimental data interpretation will be presented and the major advantages and drawbacks of the different approaches will be addressed. The recent applications of these approaches for the analysis of biological function of different protease classes and potential future directions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart H J van den Berg
- AG Systematische Proteomforschung, Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany.
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19
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Gornowicz-Porowska J, Bowszyc-Dmochowska M, Dmochowski M. Autoimmunity-driven enzymatic remodeling of the dermal-epidermal junction in bullous pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis. Autoimmunity 2011; 45:71-80. [PMID: 21916544 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2011.606448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of blister formation in bullous pemphigoid (BP) and dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is associated with destruction of numerous components of the dermal--epidermal junction. Proteolytic enzymes (PE) are involved in a multitude of physiological reactions and may have impact on the epidermal--dermal integrity. Involvement of various PE in inflammation and blister formation in BP and DH is intensively investigated using both morphologic and functional approaches, particularly in BP. The development into the full-blown stage in BP and DH may be caused by an impairment of the human Fc receptor regulatory system that may cause the inefficiently controlled activation of inflammatory cells and subsequent secretion of various proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Gornowicz-Porowska
- Cutaneous Histopathology and Immunopathology Section, Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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