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Li C, Kuang K, Du J, Eymin B, Jia T. Far beyond anti-angiogenesis: Benefits for anti-basicFGF therapy in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119253. [PMID: 35259425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Basic FGF (bFGF) was discovered as a typical inducer of angiogenesis and has already been studied for 3 decades. Recent evidence indicates that bFGF plays different roles and controls signaling pathways that participate in the hallmarks of cancer, underscoring bFGF an appealing target for anti-cancer therapy. However, the early clinical trials designed to block bFGF signaling showed safety without satisfiable benefits for cancer patients. In this review, we firstly discuss bFGF's canonical signaling pathways and later review newly identified bFGF's functions that contribute to the cancer hallmarks besides its typical role in angiogenesis. After, we summarize the role of bFGF as a therapeutic target in response to different cancer therapies including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and highlight the difficulties we must solve regarding the design of drugs targeting specifically bFGF. We also emphasize the need, especially for natural bFGF traps, to deepen their molecular mechanisms of action considering the specific context of cancer with different FGFR status, as well as the urgence of stratifying patients for both anti-bFGF first line and second line anti-cancer therapy. Finally, a perspective on potential feed-forward oncogenic signaling pathways mediated by bFGF is made. We discuss the importance of developing additional robust biomarkers to select patients who will benefit from bFGF-targeted therapy, as well as the rationale of developing combinatory therapies targeting either bFGF and/or its intracellular (co)effectors. This would ultimately provide novel therapeutic strategies to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunYan Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - KeLi Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - JunRong Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Beatrice Eymin
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute For Advanced Biosciences, 38700 La Tronche, France; University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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2
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Rademacher S, Detering NT, Schüning T, Lindner R, Santonicola P, Wefel IM, Dehus J, Walter LM, Brinkmann H, Niewienda A, Janek K, Varela MA, Bowerman M, Di Schiavi E, Claus P. A Single Amino Acid Residue Regulates PTEN-Binding and Stability of the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Protein SMN. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112405. [PMID: 33153033 PMCID: PMC7692393 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by decreased levels of the survival of motoneuron (SMN) protein. Post-translational mechanisms for regulation of its stability are still elusive. Thus, we aimed to identify regulatory phosphorylation sites that modulate function and stability. Our results show that SMN residues S290 and S292 are phosphorylated, of which SMN pS290 has a detrimental effect on protein stability and nuclear localization. Furthermore, we propose that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a novel phosphatase for SMN, counteracts this effect. In light of recent advancements in SMA therapies, a significant need for additional approaches has become apparent. Our study demonstrates S290 as a novel molecular target site to increase the stability of SMN. Characterization of relevant kinases and phosphatases provides not only a new understanding of SMN function, but also constitutes a novel strategy for combinatorial therapeutic approaches to increase the level of SMN in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rademacher
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.R.); (N.T.D.); (T.S.); (R.L.); (I.-M.W.); (J.D.); (L.M.W.); (H.B.)
| | - Nora T. Detering
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.R.); (N.T.D.); (T.S.); (R.L.); (I.-M.W.); (J.D.); (L.M.W.); (H.B.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Schüning
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.R.); (N.T.D.); (T.S.); (R.L.); (I.-M.W.); (J.D.); (L.M.W.); (H.B.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Lindner
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.R.); (N.T.D.); (T.S.); (R.L.); (I.-M.W.); (J.D.); (L.M.W.); (H.B.)
| | - Pamela Santonicola
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (E.D.S.)
| | - Inga-Maria Wefel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.R.); (N.T.D.); (T.S.); (R.L.); (I.-M.W.); (J.D.); (L.M.W.); (H.B.)
| | - Janina Dehus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.R.); (N.T.D.); (T.S.); (R.L.); (I.-M.W.); (J.D.); (L.M.W.); (H.B.)
| | - Lisa M. Walter
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.R.); (N.T.D.); (T.S.); (R.L.); (I.-M.W.); (J.D.); (L.M.W.); (H.B.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hella Brinkmann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.R.); (N.T.D.); (T.S.); (R.L.); (I.-M.W.); (J.D.); (L.M.W.); (H.B.)
| | - Agathe Niewienda
- Shared Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.N.); (K.J.)
| | - Katharina Janek
- Shared Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.N.); (K.J.)
| | - Miguel A. Varela
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; (M.A.V.); (M.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Melissa Bowerman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; (M.A.V.); (M.B.)
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Elia Di Schiavi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.S.); (E.D.S.)
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.R.); (N.T.D.); (T.S.); (R.L.); (I.-M.W.); (J.D.); (L.M.W.); (H.B.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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3
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Berciano MT, Castillo-Iglesias MS, Val-Bernal JF, Lafarga V, Rodriguez-Rey JC, Lafarga M, Tapia O. Mislocalization of SMN from the I-band and M-band in human skeletal myofibers in spinal muscular atrophy associates with primary structural alterations of the sarcomere. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:461-478. [PMID: 32676861 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by a deletion or mutation of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Reduced SMN levels lead to motor neuron degeneration and muscular atrophy. SMN protein localizes to the cytoplasm and Cajal bodies. Moreover, in myofibrils from Drosophila and mice, SMN is a sarcomeric protein localized to the Z-disc. Although SMN participates in multiple functions, including the biogenesis of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, its role in the sarcomere is unclear. Here, we analyzed the sarcomeric organization of SMN in human control and type I SMA skeletal myofibers. In control sarcomeres, we demonstrate that human SMN is localized to the titin-positive M-band and actin-positive I-band, and to SMN-positive granules that flanked the Z-discs. Co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that SMN interacts with the sarcomeric protein actin, α-actinin, titin, and profilin2. In the type I SMA muscle, SMN levels were reduced, and atrophic (denervated) and hypertrophic (nondenervated) myofibers coexisted. The hypertrophied myofibers, which are potential primary targets of SMN deficiency, exhibited sites of focal or segmental alterations of the actin cytoskeleton, where the SMN immunostaining pattern was altered. Moreover, SMN was relocalized to the Z-disc in overcontracted minisarcomeres from hypertrophic myofibers. We propose that SMN could have an integrating role in the molecular components of the sarcomere. Consequently, low SMN levels might impact the normal sarcomeric architecture, resulting in the disruption of myofibrils found in SMA muscle. This primary effect might be independent of the neurogenic myopathy produced by denervation and contribute to pathophysiology of the SMA myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Berciano
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Santander, Spain
| | | | - J Fernando Val-Bernal
- Unidad de Patología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Vanesa Lafarga
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - José C Rodriguez-Rey
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Santander, Spain.
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - Olga Tapia
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Santander, Spain.
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain.
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4
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Rademacher S, Verheijen BM, Hensel N, Peters M, Bora G, Brandes G, Vieira de Sá R, Heidrich N, Fischer S, Brinkmann H, van der Pol WL, Wirth B, Pasterkamp RJ, Claus P. Metalloprotease-mediated cleavage of PlexinD1 and its sequestration to actin rods in the motoneuron disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3946-3959. [PMID: 29016853 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal rearrangement during axon growth is mediated by guidance receptors and their ligands which act either as repellent, attractant or both. Regulation of the actin cytoskeleton is disturbed in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting mainly motoneurons, but receptor-ligand interactions leading to the dysregulation causing SMA are poorly understood. In this study, we analysed the role of the guidance receptor PlexinD1 in SMA pathogenesis. We showed that PlexinD1 is cleaved by metalloproteases in SMA and that this cleavage switches its function from an attractant to repellent. Moreover, we found that the PlexinD1 cleavage product binds to actin rods, pathological aggregate-like structures which had so far been described for age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Our data suggest a novel disease mechanism for SMA involving formation of actin rods as a molecular sink for a cleaved PlexinD1 fragment leading to dysregulation of receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rademacher
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Bert M Verheijen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience & MIND Facility, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niko Hensel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Miriam Peters
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gamze Bora
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gudrun Brandes
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Renata Vieira de Sá
- Department of Translational Neuroscience & MIND Facility, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Natascha Heidrich
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Fischer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hella Brinkmann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - W Ludo van der Pol
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience & MIND Facility, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Niedersachsen-Research Network on Neuroinfectiology (N-RENNT), Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
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5
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Bizarro J, Dodré M, Huttin A, Charpentier B, Schlotter F, Branlant C, Verheggen C, Massenet S, Bertrand E. NUFIP and the HSP90/R2TP chaperone bind the SMN complex and facilitate assembly of U4-specific proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:8973-89. [PMID: 26275778 PMCID: PMC4605303 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sm proteins are loaded on snRNAs by the SMN complex, but how snRNP-specific proteins are assembled remains poorly characterized. U4 snRNP and box C/D snoRNPs have structural similarities. They both contain the 15.5K and proteins with NOP domains (PRP31 for U4, NOP56/58 for snoRNPs). Biogenesis of box C/D snoRNPs involves NUFIP and the HSP90/R2TP chaperone system and here, we explore the function of this machinery in U4 RNP assembly. We show that yeast Prp31 interacts with several components of the NUFIP/R2TP machinery, and that these interactions are separable from each other. In human cells, PRP31 mutants that fail to stably associate with U4 snRNA still interact with components of the NUFIP/R2TP system, indicating that these interactions precede binding of PRP31 to U4 snRNA. Knock-down of NUFIP leads to mislocalization of PRP31 and decreased association with U4. Moreover, NUFIP is associated with the SMN complex through direct interactions with Gemin3 and Gemin6. Altogether, our data suggest a model in which the NUFIP/R2TP system is connected with the SMN complex and facilitates assembly of U4 snRNP-specific proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bizarro
- Equipe labélisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, IGMM-UMR 5535 du CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Maxime Dodré
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Alexandra Huttin
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Charpentier
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Florence Schlotter
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Christiane Branlant
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Céline Verheggen
- Equipe labélisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, IGMM-UMR 5535 du CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Séverine Massenet
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- Equipe labélisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, IGMM-UMR 5535 du CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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6
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Förthmann B, Grothe C, Claus P. A nuclear odyssey: fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) as a regulator of nuclear homeostasis in the nervous system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1651-62. [PMID: 25552245 PMCID: PMC11113852 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear localization of classical growth factors is a well-known phenomenon but still remains a molecular and cellular conundrum. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is an excellent example of a protein which functions as an extracellular molecule involved in canonical receptor tyrosine kinase signaling as well as displaying intracellular functions. Paracrine and nuclear functions are two important sides of the same protein. FGF-2 is expressed in isoforms with different molecular weights from one mRNA species. In rodents, all of these isoforms become imported to the nucleus. In this review, we discuss structural and functional aspects of FGF-2 isoforms in the nervous system. The nuclear odyssey of FGF-2 is reflected by nuclear dynamics, localization to nuclear bodies such as nucleoli, binding to chromatin and engagement in various protein interactions. Recently discovered molecular partnerships of the isoforms shed light on their nuclear functions, thereby greatly extending our knowledge of the multifaceted functions of FGF-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Förthmann
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, OE 4140, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Grothe
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, OE 4140, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, OE 4140, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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7
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Förthmann B, van Bergeijk J, Lee YW, Lübben V, Schill Y, Brinkmann H, Ratzka A, Stachowiak MK, Hebert M, Grothe C, Claus P. Regulation of neuronal differentiation by proteins associated with nuclear bodies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82871. [PMID: 24358231 PMCID: PMC3866168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear bodies are large sub-nuclear structures composed of RNA and protein molecules. The Survival of Motor Neuron (SMN) protein localizes to Cajal bodies (CBs) and nuclear gems. Diminished cellular concentration of SMN is associated with the neurodegenerative disease Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). How nuclear body architecture and its structural components influence neuronal differentiation remains elusive. In this study, we analyzed the effects of SMN and two of its interaction partners in cellular models of neuronal differentiation. The nuclear 23 kDa isoform of Fibroblast Growth Factor - 2 (FGF-2(23)) is one of these interacting proteins - and was previously observed to influence nuclear bodies by destabilizing nuclear gems and mobilizing SMN from Cajal bodies (CBs). Here we demonstrate that FGF-2(23) blocks SMN-promoted neurite outgrowth, and also show that SMN disrupts FGF-2(23)-dependent transcription. Our results indicate that FGF-2(23) and SMN form an inactive complex that interferes with neuronal differentiation by mutually antagonizing nuclear functions. Coilin is another nuclear SMN binding partner and a marker protein for Cajal bodies (CBs). In addition, coilin is essential for CB function in maturation of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs). The role of coilin outside of Cajal bodies and its putative impacts in tissue differentiation are poorly defined. The present study shows that protein levels of nucleoplasmic coilin outside of CBs decrease during neuronal differentiation. Overexpression of coilin has an inhibitory effect on neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, we find that nucleoplasmic coilin inhibits neurite outgrowth independent of SMN binding revealing a new function for coilin in neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Förthmann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Yu-Wei Lee
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Verena Lübben
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yvonne Schill
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hella Brinkmann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Ratzka
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michal K. Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Hebert
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Claudia Grothe
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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8
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Hensel N, Stockbrügger I, Rademacher S, Broughton N, Brinkmann H, Grothe C, Claus P. Bilateral crosstalk of rho- and extracellular-signal-regulated-kinase (ERK) pathways is confined to an unidirectional mode in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Cell Signal 2013; 26:540-8. [PMID: 24316236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rho-kinase (ROCK) as well as extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) control actin cytoskeletal organization thereby regulating dynamic changes of cellular morphology. In neurons, motility processes such as axonal guidance and neurite outgrowth demand a fine regulation of upstream pathways. Here we demonstrate a bilateral ROCK-ERK information flow in neurons. This process is shifted towards an unidirectional crosstalk in a model of the neurodegenerative disease Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), ultimately leading to neurite outgrowth dysregulations. As both pathways are of therapeutic relevance for SMA, our results argue for a combinatorial ROCK/ERK-targeting as a future treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Hensel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Stockbrügger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rademacher
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Natasha Broughton
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hella Brinkmann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Grothe
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany; Niedersachsen Research Network on Neuroinfection (N-RENNT), Germany.
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Hebert MD. Signals controlling Cajal body assembly and function. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1314-7. [PMID: 23583661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cajal bodies (CBs) are subnuclear domains that participate in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and telomerase. CBs are found in cells with high splicing demands, such as neuronal and cancer cells. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is known about the signals that impact the formation and activity of CBs. Particular attention is paid to phosphorylation as a major regulator of CB formation and composition, but a non-biochemical mediated pathway (mechanotransduction) that impacts CBs is also discussed. Amongst the CB components, recently published work on coilin (the CB marker protein) strongly suggests that this protein, and the CB by extension, is a global sensor that responds to environmental signals. Disruption of these signals, which would result in a decreased capacity to generate snRNPs and telomerase, is predicted to be beneficial in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Hebert
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 4505, USA.
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