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Gorza L, Sorge M, Seclì L, Brancaccio M. Master Regulators of Muscle Atrophy: Role of Costamere Components. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010061. [PMID: 33401549 PMCID: PMC7823551 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and force characterizes muscle atrophy in several different conditions, which share the expression of atrogenes and the activation of their transcriptional regulators. However, attempts to antagonize muscle atrophy development in different experimental contexts by targeting contributors to the atrogene pathway showed partial effects in most cases. Other master regulators might independently contribute to muscle atrophy, as suggested by our recent evidence about the co-requirement of the muscle-specific chaperone protein melusin to inhibit unloading muscle atrophy development. Furthermore, melusin and other muscle mass regulators, such as nNOS, belong to costameres, the macromolecular complexes that connect sarcolemma to myofibrils and to the extracellular matrix, in correspondence with specific sarcomeric sites. Costameres sense a mechanical load and transduce it both as lateral force and biochemical signals. Recent evidence further broadens this classic view, by revealing the crucial participation of costameres in a sarcolemmal “signaling hub” integrating mechanical and humoral stimuli, where mechanical signals are coupled with insulin and/or insulin-like growth factor stimulation to regulate muscle mass. Therefore, this review aims to enucleate available evidence concerning the early involvement of costamere components and additional putative master regulators in the development of major types of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gorza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Seclì
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
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2
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Yan ZP, Li JT, Zeng N, Ni GX. Role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling underlying cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiol J 2021; 28:473-482. [PMID: 32329039 PMCID: PMC8169190 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2020.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is the result of increased myocardial cell size responding to an increased workload and developmental signals. These extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli as key drivers of cardiac hypertrophy have spurred efforts to target their associated signaling pathways. The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), as an essential member of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), has been widely recognized for promoting cardiac growth. Several modified transgenic mouse models have been generated through either affecting the upstream kinase to change ERK1/2 activity, manipulating the direct role of ERK1/2 in the heart, or targeting phosphatases or MAPK scaffold proteins to alter total ERK1/2 activity in response to an increased workload. Using these models, both regulation of the upstream events and modulation of each isoform and indirect effector could provide important insights into how ERK1/2 modulates cardiomyocyte biology. Furthermore, a plethora of compounds, inhibitors, and regulators have emerged in consideration of ERK, or its MAPK kinases, are possible therapeutic targets against cardiac hypertrophic diseases. Herein, is a review of the available evidence regarding the exact role of ERK1/2 in regulating cardiac hypertrophy and a discussion of pharmacological strategy for treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Yan
- Beijing Sport University, #48 Information Road, Beijing, 100084 Beijing, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, #20 Chazhong Rd., 350005 fuzhou, China
| | - Jie-Ting Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, #20 Chazhong Rd., 350005 fuzhou, China
| | - Ni Zeng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, #20 Chazhong Rd., 350005 fuzhou, China
| | - Guo-Xin Ni
- Beijing Sport University, #48 Information Road, Beijing, 100084 Beijing, China.
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Wu X, Li M, Chen SQ, Li S, Guo F. Pin1 facilitates isoproterenol‑induced cardiac fibrosis and collagen deposition by promoting oxidative stress and activating the MEK1/2‑ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway in rats. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1573-1583. [PMID: 29286102 PMCID: PMC5819929 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) is a member of a large superfamily of phosphorylation-dependent peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases, which not only regulates multiple targets at various stages of cellular processes, but is also involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including microbial infection, cancer, asthma and Alzheimer's disease. However, the role of Pin1 in cardiac fibrosis remains to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the potential mechanism of Pin1 in isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial fibrosis in rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups. Echocardiography was used to evaluate changes in the size, shape and function of the heart, and histological staining was performed to visualize inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, immunohistochemistry and Picrosirius red staining were used to differentiate collagen subtypes. Additionally, cardiac-specific phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) and extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and the activities of Pin1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and other oxidative stress parameters were estimated in the heart. The administration of ISO resulted in an increase in cardiac parameters and elevated the heart-to-body weight ratio. Histopathological examination of heart tissues revealed interstitial inflammatory cellular infiltrate and disorganized collagen fiber deposition. In addition, lipid peroxidation products and oxidative stress marker activity in plasma and tissues were significantly increased in the ISO-treated rats. Western blot analysis showed significantly elevated protein levels of phosphorylated Pin1, MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and α-SMA in remodeling hearts. Treatment with juglone following intraperitoneal injection of ISO significantly prevented inflammatory cell infiltration, improved cardiac function, and suppressed oxidative stresses and fibrotic alterations. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that the activation of Pin1 promoted cardiac extracellular matrix deposition and oxidative stress damage by regulating the phosphorylation of the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway and the expression of α-SMA. By contrast, the inhibition of Pin1 alleviated cardiac damage and fibrosis in the experimental models, suggesting that Pin1 contributed to the development of cardiac remodeling in ISO-administered rats, and that the inactivation of Pin1 may be a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Mingjiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Su-Qin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Furong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Lv L, Yao Y, Zhao G, Zhu G. Rutin inhibits coronary heart disease through ERK1/2 and Akt signaling in a porcine model. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:506-512. [PMID: 29250160 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rutin has a variety of pharmacological actions, including radical reactivity, and protective activity against lipid peroxidation, viruses and acute pancreatitis; thus, it may be used as a treatment for many diseases. The present study aimed to investigate whether rutin inhibits coronary heart disease through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and Akt signaling in a porcine model. Male Chinese miniature pigs were randomly divided into four groups: A sham group, a coronary heart disease (CHD) model group, a group receiving 15 mg/kg rutin for 8 weeks following CHD modeling and a group receiving 45 mg/kg rutin for 8 weeks following CHD modeling. The results suggested that treatment with rutin suppressed the reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction and increase in systolic internal diameter that occurred in CHD model pigs. Rutin administration reduced the infarct size of the myocardium, attenuated LVEF, increased LVID and inhibited urine protein concentration, BUN and Scr expression levels in CHD model pigs. Results from western blot analysis demonstrated that in CHD pigs treated with 45 mg/kg rutin, the CHD-associated increases in transforming growth factor β1 and SMAD2 expression and reductions in phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2 and p-Akt expression were attenuated. The present study suggests that rutin inhibits coronary heart disease through ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways in a porcine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lv
- The First Clinical Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Yucai Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Guiyue Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Politano G, Logrand F, Brancaccio M, Di Carlo S. In-silico cardiac aging regulatory model including microRNA post-transcriptional regulation. Methods 2017; 124:57-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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17β-Estradiol enhances sulforaphane cardioprotection against oxidative stress. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 42:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sorge M, Brancaccio M. Melusin Promotes a Protective Signal Transduction Cascade in Stressed Hearts. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:53. [PMID: 27672636 PMCID: PMC5018970 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Melusin is a chaperone protein selectively expressed in heart and skeletal muscles. Melusin expression levels correlate with cardiac function in pre-clinical models and in human patients with aortic stenosis. Indeed, previous studies in several animal models indicated that Melusin plays a broad cardioprotective role in different pathological conditions. Chaperone proteins, besides playing a role in protein folding, are also able to facilitate supramolecular complex formation and conformational changes due to activation/deactivation of signaling molecules. This role sets chaperone proteins as crucial regulators of intracellular signal transduction pathways. In particular Melusin activates AKT and ERK1/2 signaling, protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis and induces a compensatory hypertrophic response in several pathological conditions. Therefore, selective delivery of the Melusin gene in heart via cardiotropic adenoviral associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9), may represent a new promising gene-therapy approach for different cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino Torino, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino Torino, Italy
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Zhong Z, Hu JQ, Wu XD, Sun Y, Jiang J. Anti-apoptotic effects of myocardin-related transcription factor-A on rat cardiomyocytes following hypoxia-induced injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:379-87. [PMID: 26854861 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) can transduce both biomechanical and humoral signals, which can positively modulate cardiac damage induced by acute myocardial infarction. However, the molecular mechanism that underlies the contribution that MRTF-A provides to the myocardium is not completely understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of MRTF-A on myocardium apoptosis and its mechanisms. Our experiment results showed that MRTF-A expression increased and Bcl-2 expression reduced during myocardial ischemia–reperfusion in rat. Meanwhile, primary cardiomyocytes were pretreated with wild-type MRTF-A or siRNA of MRTF-A before exposure to hypoxia. We found that overexpression of MRTF-A in myocardial cells inhibited apoptosis and the release of cytochrome c. MRTF-A enhanced Bcl-2, which contributes to MRTF-A interaction with Bcl-2 in the nuclei of cardiomyocytes. MRTF-A upregulation expression of Bcl-2 in cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia was inhibited by PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor. In conclusions, MRTF-A improved myocardial cell survival in a cardiomyocyte model of hypoxia-induced injury; this effect was correlated with the upregulation of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 through the activation of ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital (Jiande Branch), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, JianDe 311600, China
| | - Jia-qing Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital (Jiande Branch), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, JianDe 311600, China
| | - Xin-dong Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital (Jiande Branch), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, JianDe 311600, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Noratto G, Chew BP, Ivanov I. Red raspberry decreases heart biomarkers of cardiac remodeling associated with oxidative and inflammatory stress in obese diabetic db/db mice. Food Funct 2016; 7:4944-4955. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01330a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Red raspberries decreased the expression of proteins linked to inflammatory/stress response and cardiac remodeling in hearts of obese diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Noratto
- Nutrition and Food Science
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
- School of Food Science
| | - Boon P. Chew
- Nutrition and Food Science
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
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10
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The muscle-specific chaperone protein melusin is a potent cardioprotective agent. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Overexpression of the muscle-specific protein, melusin, protects from cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2014; 109:418. [PMID: 24859929 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-014-0418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Melusin is a muscle-specific protein which interacts with β1 integrin cytoplasmic domain and acts as chaperone protein. Its overexpression induces improved resistance to cardiac overload delaying left ventricle dilation and reducing the occurrence of heart failure. Here, we investigated possible protective effect of melusin overexpression against acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury with or without Postconditioning cardioprotective maneuvers. Melusin transgenic (Mel-TG) mice hearts were subjected to 30-min global ischemia followed by 60-min reperfusion. Interestingly, infarct size was reduced in Mel-TG mice hearts compared to wild-type (WT) hearts (40.3 ± 3.5 % Mel-TG vs. 59.5 ± 3.8 % WT hearts; n = 11 animals/group; P < 0.05). The melusin protective effect was also demonstrated by measuring LDH release, which was 50 % lower in Mel-TG compared to WT. Mel-TG hearts had a higher baseline level of AKT, ERK1/2 and GSK3β phosphorylation, and displayed increased phospho-kinases level after I/R compared to WT mice. Post-ischemic Mel-TG hearts displayed also increased levels of the anti-apoptotic factor phospho-BAD. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/AKT (Wortmannin) and ERK1/2 (U0126) pathways abrogated the melusin protective effect. Notably, HSP90, a chaperone known to protect heart from I/R injury, showed high levels of expression in the heart of Mel-TG mice suggesting a possible collaboration of this molecule with AKT/ERK/GSK3β pathways in the melusin-induced protection. Postconditioning, known to activate AKT/ERK/GSK3β pathways, significantly reduced IS and LDH release in WT hearts, but had no additive protective effects in Mel-TG hearts. These findings implicate melusin as an enhancer of AKT and ERK pathways and as a novel player in cardioprotection from I/R injury.
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Hohl M, Ardehali H, Azuaje FJ, Breckenridge RA, Doehner W, Eaton P, Ehret GB, Fujita T, Gaetani R, Giacca M, Hasenfuß G, Heymans S, Leite-Moreira AF, Linke WA, Linz D, Lyon A, Mamas MA, Orešič M, Papp Z, Pedrazzini T, Piepoli M, Prosser B, Rizzuto R, Tarone G, Tian R, van Craenenbroeck E, van Rooij E, Wai T, Weiss G, Maack C. Meeting highlights from the 2013 European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association Winter Meeting on Translational Heart Failure Research. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 16:6-14. [PMID: 24453095 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hohl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, D-66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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