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Chakraborty S, Nandi P, Mishra J, Niharika, Roy A, Manna S, Baral T, Mishra P, Mishra PK, Patra SK. Molecular mechanisms in regulation of autophagy and apoptosis in view of epigenetic regulation of genes and involvement of liquid-liquid phase separation. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216779. [PMID: 38458592 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cellular physiology is critically regulated by multiple signaling nexuses, among which cell death mechanisms play crucial roles in controlling the homeostatic landscape at the tissue level within an organism. Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, can be induced by external and internal stimuli directing the cells to commit suicide in unfavourable conditions. In contrast, stress conditions like nutrient deprivation, infection and hypoxia trigger autophagy, which is lysosome-mediated processing of damaged cellular organelle for recycling of the degraded products, including amino acids. Apparently, apoptosis and autophagy both are catabolic and tumor-suppressive pathways; apoptosis is essential during development and cancer cell death, while autophagy promotes cell survival under stress. Moreover, autophagy plays dual role during cancer development and progression by facilitating the survival of cancer cells under stressed conditions and inducing death in extreme adversity. Despite having two different molecular mechanisms, both apoptosis and autophagy are interconnected by several crosslinking intermediates. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histone tails, and miRNA play a pivotal role in regulating genes involved in both autophagy and apoptosis. Both autophagic and apoptotic genes can undergo various epigenetic modifications and promote or inhibit these processes under normal and cancerous conditions. Epigenetic modifiers are uniquely important in controlling the signaling pathways regulating autophagy and apoptosis. Therefore, these epigenetic modifiers of both autophagic and apoptotic genes can act as novel therapeutic targets against cancers. Additionally, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) also modulates the aggregation of misfolded proteins and provokes autophagy in the cytosolic environment. This review deals with the molecular mechanisms of both autophagy and apoptosis including crosstalk between them; emphasizing epigenetic regulation, involvement of LLPS therein, and possible therapeutic approaches against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Chakraborty
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Piyasa Nandi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Jagdish Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Niharika
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Soumen Manna
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Tirthankar Baral
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Prahallad Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 030, MP, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.
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Zhang Y, Xu X, Cheng H, Zhou F. AIM2 and Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085448. [PMID: 36742336 PMCID: PMC9889639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease occurring worldwide, with multiple systemic complications, which seriously affect the quality of life and physical and mental health of patients. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is related to the environment, genetics, epigenetics, and dysregulation of immune cells such as T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and nonimmune cells such as keratinocytes. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), a susceptibility gene locus for psoriasis, has been strongly linked to the genetic and epigenetic aspects of psoriasis and increased in expression in psoriatic keratinocytes. AIM2 was found to be activated in an inflammasome-dependent way to release IL-1β and IL-18 to mediate inflammation, and to participate in immune regulation in psoriasis, or in an inflammasome-independent way by regulating the function of regulatory T(Treg) cells or programming cell death in keratinocytes as well as controlling the proliferative state of different cells. AIM2 may also play a role in the recurrence of psoriasis by trained immunity. In this review, we will elaborate on the characteristics of AIM2 and how AIM2 mediates the development of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fusheng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Chen H, Pei Q, Tao L, Xia J, Lu G, Zong Y, Xie W, Li W, Huang C, Zeng T, Yu X, Wang W, Chen G, Yang S, Cheng R, Li X. ASC Regulates Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Lipogenesis and Lipolysis via p53/AMPKα Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710042. [PMID: 36077447 PMCID: PMC9456541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become an extensive threat to human health due to associated chronic inflammation and metabolic diseases. Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) is a critical link between inflammasome and apoptosis-inducing proteins. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of ASC in lipid metabolism. With high-fat diet (HFD) and knockout leptin gene mice (ob/ob), we found that ASC expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) correlated with obesity. It could also positively regulate the reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism. Stromal vascular fractions (SVF) cells derived from the SAT of Asc-/- mice or SVF from wild-type (WT) mice transfected with ASC siRNA were used to further investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found ASC deficiency could lead to lipogenesis and inhibit lipolysis in SAT, aggravating lipid accumulation and impairing metabolic balance. In addition, our results showed that p53 and AMPKα expression were inhibited in SAT when ASC level was low. p53 and AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) were then assessed to elucidate whether they were downstream of ASC in regulating lipid metabolism. Our results revealed that ASC deficiency could promote lipid accumulation by increasing lipogenesis and decreasing lipolysis through p53/AMPKα axis. Regulation of ASC on lipid metabolism might be a novel therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qilin Pei
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Linfen Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guocai Lu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying Zong
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenhua Xie
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wanqing Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chenglong Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyu Yu
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Gaojun Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Song Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-23-6848-1525 (R.C.); +86-23-6848-5589 (X.L.)
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-23-6848-1525 (R.C.); +86-23-6848-5589 (X.L.)
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Domblides C, Soubeyran I, Lartigue L, Mahouche I, Lefort F, Velasco V, Barnetche T, Blanco P, Déchanet-Merville J, Faustin B. Prognostic Role of Inflammasome Components in Human Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123500. [PMID: 33255437 PMCID: PMC7760257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inflammasomes are critically involved in gut epithelial homeostasis, immunosurveillance and in controlling tumorigenesis mechanisms. Data on the role of inflammasomes in tumorigenesis are mostly provided by transcriptomic analyses of bulk tumors, eluding a potential specific role of intrinsic epithelial inflammasomes. Therefore, we investigated the expression of inflammasome components in intestinal epithelial cells, at the protein level in patient tissues and assessed the correlation with clinicopathological parameters. We found that downregulation of the epithelial expression of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) and IL-18 was associated with more advanced disease and worse patients’ outcome. Furthermore, the loss of both epithelial and stromal IL-18 was also associated with worse disease outcome. Finally, we identified an epithelial innate immune protein profile combining NLRP6 and IL-18 that stratified patients for better clinical prognosis. Together, analysis of epithelial inflammasomes may help clinical decisions for better prognostic assessment and may identify new therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer. Abstract (1) We wanted to assess the prognostic impact of inflammasomes involved in gut epithelial homeostasis and the development of human colorectal cancer (CRC). (2) We investigated the expression of inflammasome components in colonic epithelial cells at the protein level in patient tissues, through an immunofluorescence assay. (3) In a cohort of 104 patients, we found that all inflammasome components were downregulated in CRC. Loss of epithelial (but not stromal) expression of NLRP6, caspase-1 and IL-18 was associated with an increased mortality of 72%, 58% and 68% respectively and to disease progression into metastasis. The loss of epithelial and stromal IL-18 but not NLRP6, was associated to lower tumor immune infiltrates in the lymphoid compartment and higher Programmed cell Death receptor 1 (PD-1) expression. Finally, we found that combined downregulation of IL-18 and NLRP6 was associated with a worse outcome. Indeed, 5-year survival rates were 26% for the NLRP6low/IL-18low tumors, compared to 64.4% for the entire cohort. This downregulation was associated with a more advanced disease (p < 0.0001) and a trend to lower lymphoid cell infiltration. (4) We identified critical inflammasome markers that may help in better stratifying patients for prognosis in CRC and could help clinicians to determine which patients may benefit from immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Domblides
- ImmunoConcEpt Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5164, Bordeaux University, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (F.L.); (P.B.); (J.D.-M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux University Hospital-CHU, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (B.F.)
| | - Isabelle Soubeyran
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (I.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Lydia Lartigue
- INSERM, U1218 ACTION, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (L.L.); (I.M.)
| | | | - Félix Lefort
- ImmunoConcEpt Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5164, Bordeaux University, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (F.L.); (P.B.); (J.D.-M.)
| | - Valérie Velasco
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (I.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Thomas Barnetche
- Department of Rheumatology, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Patrick Blanco
- ImmunoConcEpt Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5164, Bordeaux University, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (F.L.); (P.B.); (J.D.-M.)
- Department of Immunology and Immunogenetic, FHU ACRONIM, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Déchanet-Merville
- ImmunoConcEpt Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5164, Bordeaux University, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (F.L.); (P.B.); (J.D.-M.)
| | - Benjamin Faustin
- ImmunoConcEpt Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5164, Bordeaux University, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (F.L.); (P.B.); (J.D.-M.)
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (B.F.)
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Mishra SR, Mahapatra KK, Behera BP, Bhol CS, Praharaj PP, Panigrahi DP, Patra S, Singh A, Patil S, Dhiman R, Patra SK, Bhutia SK. Inflammasomes in cancer: Effect of epigenetic and autophagic modulations. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:399-412. [PMID: 33039557 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-promoting inflammation is a critical hallmark in cancer development, and inflammasomes are well-known regulators of inflammatory processes within the tumour microenvironment. Different inflammasome components along with the adaptor, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), and the effector, caspase-1, have a significant influence on tumorigenesis but in a tissue-specific and stage-dependent manner. The downstream products of inflammasome activation, that is the proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, regulate tissue homeostasis and induce antitumour immune responses, but in contrast, they can also favour cancer growth and proliferation by directing various oncogenic signalling pathways in cancer cells. Moreover, different epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification and noncoding RNAs, control inflammasomes and their components by regulating gene expression during cancer progression. Furthermore, autophagy, a master controller of cellular homeostasis, targets inflammasome-induced carcinogenesis by maintaining cellular homeostasis and removing potential cancer risk factors that promote inflammasome activation in support of tumorigenesis. Here, in this review, we summarize the effect of inflammasome activation in cancers and discuss the role of epigenetic and autophagic regulatory mechanisms in controlling inflammasomes. A proper understanding of the interactions among these key processes will be useful for developing novel therapeutic regimens for targeting inflammasomes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ranjan Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Kewal Kumar Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Bhol
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Prakash Priyadarshi Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Debasna Pritimanjari Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Amruta Singh
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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Poli G, Fabi C, Bellet MM, Costantini C, Nunziangeli L, Romani L, Brancorsini S. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Inflammasome Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165758. [PMID: 32796686 PMCID: PMC7460952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system represents the host’s first-line defense against pathogens, dead cells or environmental factors. One of the most important inflammatory pathways is represented by the activation of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) protein family. Some NLRs induce the assembly of large caspase-1-activating complexes called inflammasomes. Different types of inflammasomes have been identified that can respond to distinct bacterial, viral or fungal infections; sterile cell damage or other stressors, such as metabolic imbalances. Epigenetic regulation has been recently suggested to provide a complementary mechanism to control inflammasome activity. This regulation can be exerted through at least three main mechanisms, including CpG DNA methylation, histones post-translational modifications and noncoding RNA expression. The repression or promotion of expression of different inflammasomes (NLRP1, NLRP2, NLRP3, NLRP4, NLRP6, NLRP7, NLRP12 and AIM2) through epigenetic mechanisms determines the development of pathologies with variable severity. For example, our team recently explored the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting and modulating the components of the inflammasome as potential biomarkers in bladder cancer and during therapy. This suggests that the epigenetic control of inflammasome-related genes could represent a potential target for further investigations of molecular mechanisms regulating inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Poli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0744-202-820
| | - Consuelo Fabi
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Urology and Andrology Clinic, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy;
| | - Marina Maria Bellet
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Luisa Nunziangeli
- Polo d’Innovazione di Genomica, Genetica e Biologia, 05100 Terni, Italy;
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefano Brancorsini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
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Moro H, Hattori N, Nakamura Y, Kimura K, Imai T, Maeda M, Yashiro M, Ushijima T. Epigenetic priming sensitizes gastric cancer cells to irinotecan and cisplatin by restoring multiple pathways. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:105-115. [PMID: 31555951 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-01010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is heavily influenced by aberrant DNA methylation that alters multiple cancer-related pathways, and may respond to DNA demethylating agents, such as 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). Here, we aimed to analyze whether 5-aza-dC can sensitize gastric cancer cells to clinically used cytotoxic drugs. METHODS Ten gastric cancer cell lines were treated with 5-aza-dC for 72 h and their growth was analyzed by conducting WST assay. In vivo effect of the drugs was analyzed using xenografts of OCUM-2 M/SN38 cells. Genome-wide expression and DNA methylation analyses were conducted using microarrays, and biological functions were identified through ingenuity pathway analysis. RESULTS The cell lines most resistant to SN38 (an active metabolite of irinotecan), CDDP, PTX, and 5-FU, were identified. 5-Aza-dC pre-treatment of the resistant cell lines decreased the IC50 values for SN38 (TMK1, 226.4 nM to 32.91 nM; 44As3, 128.2 nM to 19.32 nM; OCUM2 M/SN38, 74.43 nM to 16.47 nM) and CDDP (TMK1, 5.05 µM to 2.26 µM; OCUM2 M, 10.79 µM to 2.77 µM), but not PTX and 5-FU. The reactivation of apoptosis-related genes, such as RUNX3, PYCARD, TNF, FAS, and FASLG, was induced by pre-treatment with 5-aza-dC, and the DNA demethylation of promoter CpG islands of RUNX3 and PYCARD was confirmed. In a xenograft model with OCUM2 M/SN38, treatment with 5-aza-dC before irinotecan showed markedly enhanced tumor suppression. CONCLUSION Epigenetic priming with 5-aza-dC can improve the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to SN38 and CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Moro
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Course of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakamura
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kana Kimura
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- Central Animal Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masahiro Maeda
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. .,Course of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Javanmard Khameneh H, Leong KWK, Mencarelli A, Vacca M, Mambwe B, Neo K, Tay A, Zolezzi F, Lee B, Mortellaro A. The Inflammasome Adaptor ASC Intrinsically Limits CD4 + T-Cell Proliferation to Help Maintain Intestinal Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1566. [PMID: 31379813 PMCID: PMC6644529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a multi-protein complex that mediates proteolytic cleavage and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and pyroptosis—a form of cell death induced by various pathogenic bacteria. Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) has a pivotal role in inflammasome assembly and activation. While ASC function has been primarily implicated in innate immune cells, its contribution to lymphocyte biology is unclear. Here we report that ASC is constitutively expressed in naïve CD4+ T cells together with the inflammasome sensor NLRP3 and caspase-1. When adoptively transferred in immunocompromised Rag1−/− mice, Asc−/− CD4+ T cells exacerbate T-cell-mediated autoimmune colitis. Asc−/− CD4+ T cells exhibit a higher proliferative capacity in vitro than wild-type CD4+ T cells. The increased expansion of Asc−/− CD4+ T cells in vivo correlated with robust TCR-mediated activation, inflammatory activity, and higher metabolic profile toward a highly glycolytic phenotype. These findings identify ASC as a crucial intrinsic regulator of CD4+ T-cell expansion that serves to maintain intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Javanmard Khameneh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith Weng Kit Leong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Mencarelli
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maurizio Vacca
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bezaleel Mambwe
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kurt Neo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alice Tay
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francesca Zolezzi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alessandra Mortellaro
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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9
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Sand J, Fenini G, Grossi S, Hennig P, Di Filippo M, Levesque M, Werner S, French LE, Beer HD. The NLRP1 Inflammasome Pathway Is Silenced in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1788-1797.e6. [PMID: 30738816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The inflammasome protein NLRP1 is an important innate immune sensor in human keratinocytes, and, together with ASC and caspase-1, it mediates the activation and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. These cytokines and inflammasomes can have partly opposing roles during tumorigenesis in mice. In contrast, ASC expression is impaired in different types of cancer in humans. In this study, we analyzed inflammasome activation and expression of inflammasome proteins, including their downstream cytokines, in squamous cell carcinomas, a type of nonmelanoma skin cancer derived from keratinocytes. We assessed mRNA and protein levels in human primary keratinocytes and skin carcinoma-derived SCC cell lines and detected a strong down-regulation of expression of NLRP1 inflammasome components, as well as reduced expression of the proinflammatory cytokines proIL-1β and proIL-1α. Protein levels of NLRP1, ASC, caspase-1, and proIL-1β were reduced in patient-derived SCC biopsy samples compared with healthy skin. Furthermore, the results suggest that expression of PYCARD (ASC), CASP1, IL1B, and NLRP1 is silenced by methylation in SCC cell lines. In conclusion, the down-regulation of the inflammasome pathway in SCCs might favor late tumor development in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sand
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Fenini
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serena Grossi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Hennig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michela Di Filippo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Karan D. Inflammasomes: Emerging Central Players in Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3028. [PMID: 30631327 PMCID: PMC6315184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has an established role in cancer development and progression and is a key player in regulating the entry and exit of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, mounting a significant impact on anti-tumor immunity. Recent studies have shed light on the role of inflammasomes in the regulation of inflammation with a focus on the subsequent effects on the immunobiology of tumors. To generate strong anti-tumor immunity, cross-talk between innate, and adaptive immune cells is necessary. Interestingly, inflammasome bridges both arms of the immune system representing a unique opportunity to manipulate the role of inflammation in favor of tumor suppression. In this review, we discuss the impact of inflammasomes on the regulation of the levels of inflammatory cytokines-chemokines and the efficacy of immunotherapy response in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Karan
- Department of Pathology, MCW Cancer Center and Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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11
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Nature versus nurture in the spectrum of rheumatic diseases: Classification of spondyloarthritis as autoimmune or autoinflammatory. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:935-941. [PMID: 30005857 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Spondyloarthritides (SpA) include inflammatory joint diseases with various clinical phenotypes that may also include the axial skeleton and/or entheses. SpA include psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, enteropathic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis; the latter is frequently associated with extra-articular manifestations, such as uveitis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. SpA are associated with the HLA-B27 allele and recognize T cells as key pathogenetic players. In contrast to other rheumatic diseases, SpA affect women and men equally and are not associated with detectable serum autoantibodies. In addition, but opposite to rheumatoid arthritis, SpA are responsive to treatment regimens including IL-23 or IL-17-targeting biologics, yet are virtually unresponsive to steroid treatment. Based on these differences with prototypical autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or connective tissue diseases, SpA may be better classified among autoinflammatory diseases, with a predominant innate immunity involvement. This would rank SpA closer to gouty arthritis and periodic fevers in the spectrum of rheumatic diseases, as opposed to autoimmune-predominant diseases. We herein provide available literature on risk factors associated with SpA in support of this hypothesis with a specific focus on genetic and environmental factors.
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12
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Apoptosis-Associated Speck-Like Protein Containing a CARD Deletion Ameliorates Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Induced Renal Fibrosis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6909035. [PMID: 30057487 PMCID: PMC6051069 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6909035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation might be one of the essential underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis, which is considered a key pathological feature of end-stage renal disease and is closely associated with proteinuria and decreased renal function. Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), identified as the central structure of inflammasome, is involved in the progression of interstitial fibrosis; however, its signal transduction pathways remain unclear. In the present study, we performed unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) in both wild-type and ASC deletion mice to determine the contribution of ASC to renal fibrosis. Compared with control groups, UUO significantly induced renal fibrosis and collagen deposition, as evidenced by photomicrographs. ASC deletion attenuated renal injury, reduced cell infiltration and the release of inflammatory cytokines, protected against apoptosis, and downregulated the PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our data identify a novel role of ASC in the regulation of renal fibrosis and ER stress after UUO, strongly indicating that ASC could serve as an attractive target in the treatment of chronic kidney disease.
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13
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Cruickshank B, Giacomantonio M, Marcato P, McFarland S, Pol J, Gujar S. Dying to Be Noticed: Epigenetic Regulation of Immunogenic Cell Death for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:654. [PMID: 29666625 PMCID: PMC5891575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) activates both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system during apoptotic cancer cell death. With respect to cancer immunotherapy, the process of ICD elicits enhanced adjuvanticity and antigenicity from dying cancer cells and consequently, promotes the development of clinically desired antitumor immunity. Cancer ICD requires the presentation of various "hallmarks" of immunomodulation, which include the cell-surface translocation of calreticulin, production of type I interferons, and release of high-mobility group box-1 and ATP, which through their compatible actions induce an immune response against cancer cells. Interestingly, recent reports investigating the use of epigenetic modifying drugs as anticancer therapeutics have identified several connections to ICD hallmarks. Epigenetic modifiers have a direct effect on cell viability and appear to fundamentally change the immunogenic properties of cancer cells, by actively subverting tumor microenvironment-associated immunoevasion and aiding in the development of an antitumor immune response. In this review, we critically discuss the current evidence that identifies direct links between epigenetic modifications and ICD hallmarks, and put forward an otherwise poorly understood role for epigenetic drugs as ICD inducers. We further discuss potential therapeutic innovations that aim to induce ICD during epigenetic drug therapy, generating highly efficacious cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sherri McFarland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Health Services Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
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14
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes, which assembly results in caspase-1 activation and subsequent IL-1β and IL-18 activation and secretion. In a cell-free system, based on cytosols of normally growing cells, the disruption of the cell membrane spontaneously activates the inflammasome. Studying the activation of the inflammasome in cytosolic extracts provides multiple advantages, as it is synchronized, rapid, strong, and mostly plasma membrane-free. This protocol covers the methods required to prepare cell lysates and study inflammasome activation using different read-outs. General considerations are provided that may help in the design of modified methods. This assay can be useful to study potential inflammasome interactors and the signaling pathways involved in its activation.
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15
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Expression analysis of inflammasome sensors and implication of NLRP12 inflammasome in prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4378. [PMID: 28663562 PMCID: PMC5491527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multi-proteins complex regulating inflammation-associated signaling. While inflammation plays a critical role in cancer cell growth, studies remain uncharacterized on the role of inflammasomes in prostate cancer. Using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public datasets, we screened the expression profiles of inflammasome sensors NLRP3, NLRC4, NLRP6, NRLP12, and AIM2 in prostate tumor tissues, and verified their mRNA level in a panel of prostate cancer cell lines. The selected expression of NLRP3 and NLRP12 inflammasomes was validated, and the clinical association was evaluated in human prostate archival tumor tissues. We observed that the expression of inflammasome sensors was dysregulated at the mRNA level except for the NLRP12. The intensity of NLRP12 immunostaining was significantly higher in malignant prostate as compared to their adjacent benign tissues. In contrast, the NLRP3 immunostaining in prostate tissues was heterogeneous. The inflammasome complex proteins ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) and pro-caspase-1, as well as its downstream targets IL-1β and IL-18 were confined to aggressive prostate cancer cells. These data suggest an increased expression of NLRP12 in association with prostate cancer and support the role of NLRP12 inflammasome complex regulating inflammatory cytokines in understanding the role of inflammation in the prostate cancer.
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16
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Hoss F, Rodriguez-Alcazar JF, Latz E. Assembly and regulation of ASC specks. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1211-1229. [PMID: 27761594 PMCID: PMC11107573 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The inflammasome adapter ASC links activated inflammasome sensors to the effector molecule pro-caspase-1. Recruitment of pro-caspase-1 to ASC promotes the autocatalytic activation of caspase-1, which leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β. Upon triggering of inflammasome sensors, ASC assembles into large helical fibrils that interact with each other serving as a supramolecular signaling platform termed the ASC speck. Alternative splicing, post-translational modifications of ASC, as well as interaction with other proteins can perturb ASC function. In several inflammatory diseases, ASC specks can be found in the extracellular space and its presence correlates with poor prognosis. Here, we review the role of ASC in inflammation, and focus on the structural mechanisms that lead to ASC speck formation, the regulation of ASC function during inflammasome assembly, and the importance of ASC specks in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hoss
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Juan F Rodriguez-Alcazar
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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17
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Yu JW, Lee MS. Mitochondria and the NLRP3 inflammasome: physiological and pathological relevance. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1503-1518. [PMID: 27600432 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is assembled and activated in certain types of myeloid cells upon sensing microbe-derived toxins or host-derived danger signals. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by endogenous ligands has been discovered in various disorders, including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout, reperfusion injury of the heart, neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer's disease, chronic kidney diseases, and macular degeneration of the eyes. Despite the potential significance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of several diseases, details on the activation mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome by a variety of stimulators have yet to be reported. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial events are associated with NLRP3 activation in disease conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction acts upstream of NLRP3 activation by providing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to trigger NLRP3 oligomerization or by inducing α-tubulin acetylation to relocate mitochondria to the proximity of NLRP3. In addition, mitochondria work as a platform for inflammasome assembly. Mitochondrial events may also lie downstream of NLRP3 activation. While the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with NLRP3 activation are still unclear, they may involve the perturbation of mitochondria by K+ efflux and subsequent intracellular disequilibrium. Thus, mitochondria and NLRP3 machinery appear to be closely interwoven at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Wook Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, BK 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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18
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AIM2 inflammasome is activated by pharmacological disruption of nuclear envelope integrity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4671-80. [PMID: 27462105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602419113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are critical sensors that convey cellular stress and pathogen presence to the immune system by activating inflammatory caspases and cytokines such as IL-1β. The nature of endogenous stress signals that activate inflammasomes remains unclear. Here we show that an inhibitor of the HIV aspartyl protease, Nelfinavir, triggers inflammasome formation and elicits an IL-1R-dependent inflammation in mice. We found that Nelfinavir impaired the maturation of lamin A, a structural component of the nuclear envelope, thereby promoting the release of DNA in the cytosol. Moreover, deficiency of the cytosolic DNA-sensor AIM2 impaired Nelfinavir-mediated inflammasome activation. These findings identify a pharmacologic activator of inflammasome and demonstrate the role of AIM2 in detecting endogenous DNA release upon perturbation of nuclear envelope integrity.
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19
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Okada N, Fujii C, Matsumura T, Kitazawa M, Okuyama R, Taniguchi S, Hida S. Novel role of ASC as a regulator of metastatic phenotype. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2487-500. [PMID: 27350283 PMCID: PMC5055161 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of cytoskeletal remodeling and signal transduction are frequently involved in cancer progression. In particular, apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase‐recruitment domain (ASC) has been reported a proapoptotic molecule that is epigenetically silenced in several human cancers. ASC is a well‐characterized adaptor protein involved in the formation of multiprotein oligomers, called inflammasomes, and plays a crucial role in the activation and secretion of interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐18 in innate immune cells. However, the function of ASC in the regulation of tumor progression remains elusive. The present investigation examined the involvement of ASC in cancer progression and the acquisition of metastatic ability. To determine the effect of ASC depletion in in vitro and in vivo model systems, ASC was stably knocked down in B16 murine melanoma cell lines using retroviral transduction of shRNA. ASC suppression increased the motility of B16BL6 cells in scratch assays and augmented invasiveness as assessed by a Matrigel‐coated transwell system. Invadopodia formation and Src phosphorylation level were markedly enhanced in ASC‐knockdown cells as well. Since caspase‐8 has been reported to enhance cellular migration by Tyr380 phosphorylation via Src, we examined Tyr380 phosphorylation of caspase‐8 in ASC‐knockdown cells and found it to be elevated in ASC‐knockdown cells but attenuated by z‐VAD‐fmk or z‐IETD‐fmk. Moreover, ASC ablation increased pulmonary metastasis in mice after intravenous injection of B16BL6 cells. Our cumulative findings indicate that ASC suppresses cancer metastasis and progression via the modulation of cytoskeletal remodeling and the Src‐caspase‐8 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagisa Okada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Chifumi Fujii
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan. .,Department of Advanced Medicine for Health Promotion, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Tomio Matsumura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masato Kitazawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Okuyama
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shun'ichiro Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medicine for Health Promotion, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Therapy, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Hida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Health Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
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20
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Abstract
Breast cancer is already the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide, and evidence is mounting that breast cancer induced by circadian disruption (CD) is a warranted concern. Numerous studies have investigated various aspects of the circadian clock in relation to breast cancer, and evidence from these studies indicates that melatonin and the core clock genes can play a crucial role in breast cancer development. Even though epigenetics has been increasingly recognized as a key player in the etiology of breast cancer and linked to circadian rhythms, and there is evidence of overlap between epigenetic deregulation and breast cancer induced by circadian disruption, only a handful of studies have directly investigated the role of epigenetics in CD-induced breast cancer. This review explores the circadian clock and breast cancer, and the growing role of epigenetics in breast cancer development and circadian rhythms. We also summarize the current knowledge and next steps for the investigation of the epigenetic link in CD-induced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Z Kochan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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21
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Functional role of DNA mismatch repair gene PMS2 in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16341-51. [PMID: 26036629 PMCID: PMC4599273 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) enzymes act as proofreading complexes that maintains genomic integrity and MMR-deficient cells show an increased mutation rate. MMR has also been shown to influence cell signaling and the regulation of tumor development. MMR consists of various genes and includes post-meiotic segregation (PMS) 2 which is a vital component of mutL-alpha. In prostate, the functional role of this gene has never been reported and in this study, our aim was to investigate the effect of PMS2 on growth properties of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Previous studies have shown PMS2 to be deficient in DU145 cells and this lack of expression was confirmed by Western blotting whereas normal prostatic PWR-1E and RWPE-1 cells expressed this gene. PMS2 effects on various growth properties of DU145 were then determined by creating stable gene transfectants. Interestingly, PMS2 caused decreased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and in vivo growth; and increased apoptosis as compared to vector control. We further analyzed genes affected by PMS2 expression and observe the apoptosis-related TMS1 gene to be significantly upregulated whereas anti-apoptotic BCL2A1 was downregulated. These results demonstrate a functional role for PMS2 to protect against PCa progression by enhancing apoptosis of PCa cells.
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22
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Buelvas Jiménez N, Suárez Useche RJ. Regulación del inflamasoma NLRP3: bioquímica y más allá de ella. IATREIA 2015. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.iatreia.v28n2a07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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23
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Wollina U, Tchernev G. Pyoderma gangrenosum: pathogenetic oriented treatment approaches. Wien Med Wochenschr 2014; 164:263-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10354-014-0285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Pathways of tumor development and progression in drug-induced nonmelanoma skin cancer: a new hope or the next great confusion? Wien Med Wochenschr 2014; 164:286-95. [PMID: 24723125 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-014-0271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The factors that lead to the clinical manifestation of the nonmelanocytic skin tumors are different. Ultraviolet radiation, infections with human papillomaviruses, and inherited or iatrogenic-induced immunosuppression (in cases of autoimmune diseases and organ transplant recipients) are considered to be some of the most important generators and/or costimulating factors supporting the appearance of "de-novo" mutations and obstruct, in one or another way, the cell cycle arrest, the programmed cell death (apoptosis), and the immunosurveillance. Preconditions are thus created for the initial persistence and subsequent proliferation of the malignant cell branch in the genome, with the simultaneous increase of the risk of nonmelanocytic skin tumor manifestation.A number of medical drugs that possess a currently well-known selective, targeting, and immunomodulating effect, like the TNF-alpha inhibitors for example, most probably possess an additional blocking action on the death receptors within the framework of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. In this way, they seem to be one of the major factors for the clinical manifestation not only of nonmelanocytic skin but also of a number of other type of tumors with a dependency on the genetic predisposition of each separate patient.This article focuses the attention on the basic exogenic and endogenic factors that affect the regulatory processes of the cellular cycle, apoptosis, immunosurveillance, and the human inflammasome in patients with nonmelanocytic skin tumors. These processes are interwoven in a complex network and are controlled by (1) the genome regulator p53, (2) its interaction with the proapoptotic acting proteins Bak and Bax, (3) as well as the interaction with the key regulatory protein of the inflammasome-ASC/TMS1.As a process, the malignant transformation is exceptionally dynamic, plastic, and adaptive. The exterior "interferences", on the part of the clinician, in the form of a planned therapy should be targeted at the simultaneous impact on the various pathogenetic chains with the objective of bringing the tumor cells to their total collapse. This can be made possible only after the careful and simultaneous-or parallel-examination of a much greater number of markers that serve to characterize the process of the malignant transformation-a fact, which is currently being disregarded by many researchers.
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25
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Tchernev G, Guarneri C, Bevelacqua V, Wollina U. Carcinoma Cuniculatum in Course of Etanercept: Blocking Autoimmunity but Propagation of Carcinogenesis? Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2014; 27:261-6. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201402700213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) or verrucous squamous cell carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma with low incidence of metastasis. It mainly affects men during the fifth-sixth decade of life, arising mostly on the weight-bearing surface of the foot, but it can also be found in other body areas. The favorable effects on the psoriatic, rheumatoid, juvenile polyarthritis as well as the ankylosing spondylitis after the application of Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors, like etanercept, presume the availability of similarity between the etiopathogenetic mechanisms which are responsible for the generation of the inflammatory cascade. According to the latest studies, the sensitivity of the patients to TNF-alpha inhibitors could be genetically determined and may also be due to certain genetic polymorphisms of the NLP3 and CARD8 zones of the inflammasome. The blocking of the inflammatory reaction within the borderlines of the psoriatic arthritis could also be accepted as something of a “double edged sword”. There is a growing volume of literary data which informs us of the clinical manifestation, not only of skin, but also of other types of tumors after the application of TNF-alpha inhibitors. This inevitably generates the hypothesis that within a certain group of patients the TNF-alpha inhibitors have some additional, and currently obscure, effects on presumably key regulatory proteins of the so-called extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Other proteins of the human inflammasome could be also implicated in the regulation of the programmed cell death and the carcinogenesis - there are speculations, that the adapter protein, ASC/TMS1, could be one of these. The present study describes the case of a patient who developed a rare form of skin tumor - epithelioma cuniculatum - whilst undergoing etanercept therapy for psoriatic arthritis. Under discussion are the possible critical connections in the complex regulatory “networks” of the inflammatory processes, the programmed cell death (apoptosis) and the carcinogenesis which, in the near or distant future, could become the objects of a targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Tchernev
- Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Saint Kliment Ohridski University, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - C. Guarneri
- Department of Social Territorial Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - V. Bevelacqua
- Dermatology Unit at Aornas “G. Garibaldi” and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - U. Wollina
- Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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