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Qi WH, Hu LF, Gu YJ, Zhang XY, Jiang XM, Li WJ, Qi JS, Xiao GS, Jie H. Integrated mRNA-miRNA transcriptome profiling of blood immune responses potentially related to pulmonary fibrosis in forest musk deer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1404108. [PMID: 38873601 PMCID: PMC11169664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1404108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Forest musk deer (FMD, Moschus Berezovskii) is a critically endangered species world-widely, the death of which can be caused by pulmonary disease in the farm. Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) was a huge threat to the health and survival of captive FMD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have been involved in the regulation of immune genes and disease development. However, the regulatory profiles of mRNAs and miRNAs involved in immune regulation of FMD are unclear. Methods In this study, mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq in blood were performed to constructed coexpression regulatory networks between PF and healthy groups of FMD. The hub immune- and apoptosis-related genes in the PF blood of FMD were explored through Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Further, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of immune-associated and apoptosis-associated key signaling pathways were constructed based on mRNA-miRNA in the PF blood of the FMD. Immune hub DEGs and immune hub DEmiRNAs were selected for experimental verification using RT-qPCR. Results A total of 2744 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 356 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified in the PF blood group compared to the healthy blood group. Among them, 42 DEmiRNAs were negatively correlated with 20 immune DEGs from a total of 57 correlations. The DEGs were significantly associated with pathways related to CD molecules, immune disease, immune system, cytokine receptors, T cell receptor signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, intestinal immune network for IgA production, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. There were 240 immune-related DEGs, in which 186 immune-related DEGs were up-regulated and 54 immune-related DEGs were down-regulated. In the protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of immune-related signaling pathway, TYK2, TLR2, TLR4, IL18, CSF1, CXCL13, LCK, ITGB2, PIK3CB, HCK, CD40, CD86, CCL3, CCR7, IL2RA, TLR3, and IL4R were identified as the hub immune genes. The mRNA-miRNA coregulation analysis showed that let-7d, miR-324-3p, miR-760, miR-185, miR-149, miR-149-5p, and miR-1842-5p are key miRNAs that target DEGs involved in immune disease, immune system and immunoregulation. Conclusion The development and occurrence of PF were significantly influenced by the immune-related and apoptosis-related genes present in PF blood. mRNAs and miRNAs associated with the development and occurrence of PF in the FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Qi
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Fan Hu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Jiawei Gu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Xue-Mei Jiang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wu-Jiao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Qi
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Xiao
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Jie
- Jinfo Mountain Forest Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Chongqing, Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing, China
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Luo J, Zhang L, Shen F, Luo L, Chen L, Fan Z, Hou R, Yue B, Zhang X. Blood transcriptome analysis revealing aging gene expression profiles in red panda. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13743. [PMID: 35898935 PMCID: PMC9310792 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The red panda is an endangered forest species distributed on the edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The species has been conserved in ex-situ in many countries and its survival is threatened by many diseases. Its immune system is vulnerable to age-associated alterations, which accumulate and result in a progressive deterioration that leads to an increased incidence of diseases. We identified 2,219 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between geriatric (11-16 years) and adult individuals (4-8 years), and 1690 DEGs between adults and juveniles (1 year). The gene expression and functional annotation results showed that the innate immunity of red pandas increases significantly in geriatric individuals, whereas its change remains unclear when comparing adults and juveniles. We found that the adaptive immunity of red pandas first increased and then decreased with age. We identified CXCR3, BLNK, and CCR4 as the hub genes in the age-related protein-protein interaction network, which showed their central role in age-related immune changes. Many DNA repair genes were down-regulated in geriatric red pandas, suggesting that the DNA repair ability of the blood tissue in geriatric red pandas is significantly reduced. The significantly up-regulated TLR5 in geriatric individuals also suggests the possibility of enhancing the vaccination immune response by incorporating flagellin, which could be used to address decreased vaccine responses caused by age-related declines in immune system function. This work provides an insight into gene expression changes associated with aging and paves the way for effective disease prevention and treatment strategies for red pandas in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan, China
| | - Fujun Shen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Luo
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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The impact of implantation site on procedure success in patients with unresolved facial palsy treated with upper-eyelid gold weight loading. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11869. [PMID: 35831410 PMCID: PMC9279295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Loading of the upper eyelid is a well-established procedure for the correction of incomplete eyelid closure due to unresolved facial palsy. Some incurable complications are attributed to type IV hypersensivity reaction, but there is no confirmation of this hypothesis. The aim of the study was to show the impact of gold weights on eyelid tissues depending on the implantation site. Out of 94 total patients (aged 53 ± 17 years) treated from July 2009-2021, since 2014 thirty consecutive patients were randomised into one of 3 groups: the GLE group (gold weight fixed 2 mm above the eyelash line), the GUE group (gold weight fixed at the border of the tarsus and the levator aponeurosis), and the PUE group (platinum chain fixed in the same way as in the GUE group). In the cases of complications, the explanted weights were evaluated histopathologically. The outcomes were compared between groups. Incomplete eyelid closure was corrected in all patients. Serious complications were noted in 100% of patients in the GLE group and 20% in the GUE group (p < 0.0001). A slight lymphocytic reaction was observed in the GUE group. A moderate to significant lymphocytic reaction was observed in the GLE group (p < 0.001). Adverse reactions of the upper eyelid microenvironment resulting from gold weights seem to be dependent on mechanical damage to the eyelid structures, rather than on implants themselves. The site of placement of the weight in the upper eyelid may be critical for procedure success.
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Gendrisch F, Völkel L, Fluck M, Apostolova P, Zeiser R, Jakob T, Martin SF, Esser PR. IRE1 and PERK signaling regulates inflammatory responses in a murine model of contact hypersensitivity. Allergy 2022; 77:966-978. [PMID: 34314538 DOI: 10.1111/all.15024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact sensitizers may interfere with correct protein folding. Generation of un-/misfolded proteins can activate the IRE-1 or PERK signaling pathways initiating the unfolded protein response (UPR) and thereby determine inflammatory immune responses. We have analyzed the effect of sensitizers with different potencies on the induction of UPR activation/inhibition and the subsequent generation of a pro-inflammatory micromilieu in vitro as well as the effect of UPR modulation on the inflammatory response in the murine contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in vivo. METHODS Semi-quantitative and quantitative PCR, fluorescence microscopy, ELISA, NF-κB activation and translocation assays, DC/keratinocyte co-culture assay, FACS, and in vivo CHS experiments were performed. RESULTS Sensitizers and irritants activate IRE-1 and PERK in murine and human keratinocytes. Synergistic effects occur after combination of different weak sensitizers / addition of irritants. Moreover, tolerogenic dinitrothiocyanobenzene can be converted into a strong sensitizer by pre-activation of the UPR. Blocking UPR signaling results in decreased NF-κB activation and cytokine production in keratinocytes and in activation marker downregulation in a HaCaT/THP-1 co-culture. Interestingly, not only systemic but also topical application of UPR inhibitors abrogates CHS responses in vivo. CONCLUSION These observations highlight an important role of the UPR in determination of the inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo further underlining the importance of tissue stress and damage responses in the development of ACD and provide mechanistically based concepts as a basis for the development of new therapeutic approaches to treat allergic contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Gendrisch
- Allergy Research Group Department of Dermatology Medical Center – University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Department of Dermatology Research Center skinitial Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Lukas Völkel
- Allergy Research Group Department of Dermatology Medical Center – University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Melanie Fluck
- Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Petya Apostolova
- Department of Medicine I Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Thilo Jakob
- Allergy Research Group Department of Dermatology Medical Center – University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Experimental Dermatology and Allergy Research Group Department of Dermatology and Allergology University Medical Center Giessen (UKGM Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Stefan F. Martin
- Allergy Research Group Department of Dermatology Medical Center – University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Philipp R. Esser
- Allergy Research Group Department of Dermatology Medical Center – University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
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Dai B, Ding L, Zhao L, Zhu H, Luo H. Contributions of Immune Cells and Stromal Cells to the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis: Recent Insights. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826839. [PMID: 35185577 PMCID: PMC8852243 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem rheumatic disease characterized by vascular dysfunction, autoimmune abnormalities, and progressive organ fibrosis. A series of studies in SSc patients and fibrotic models suggest that immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells participate in inflammation and aberrant tissue repair. Furthermore, the growing number of studies on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology in SSc elaborate on the transcriptomics and heterogeneities of these cell subsets significantly. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding immune cells and stromal cells in SSc patients and discuss their potential roles in SSc pathogenesis, focusing on recent advances in the new subtypes by scRNA-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingying Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liqing Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Honglin Zhu, ; Hui Luo,
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Honglin Zhu, ; Hui Luo,
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Pollock KM, Cheeseman HM, Szubert AJ, Libri V, Boffito M, Owen D, Bern H, O'Hara J, McFarlane LR, Lemm NM, McKay PF, Rampling T, Yim YTN, Milinkovic A, Kingsley C, Cole T, Fagerbrink S, Aban M, Tanaka M, Mehdipour S, Robbins A, Budd W, Faust SN, Hassanin H, Cosgrove CA, Winston A, Fidler S, Dunn DT, McCormack S, Shattock RJ. Safety and immunogenicity of a self-amplifying RNA vaccine against COVID-19: COVAC1, a phase I, dose-ranging trial. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 44:101262. [PMID: 35043093 PMCID: PMC8759012 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulated self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) is a novel technology formulated as a low dose vaccine against COVID-19. METHODS A phase I first-in-human dose-ranging trial of a saRNA COVID-19 vaccine candidate LNP-nCoVsaRNA, was conducted at Imperial Clinical Research Facility, and participating centres in London, UK, between 19th June to 28th October 2020. Participants received two intramuscular (IM) injections of LNP-nCoVsaRNA at six different dose levels, 0.1-10.0μg, given four weeks apart. An open-label dose escalation was followed by a dose evaluation. Solicited adverse events (AEs) were collected for one week from enrolment, with follow-up at regular intervals (1-8 weeks). The binding and neutralisation capacity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody raised in participant sera was measured by means of an anti-Spike (S) IgG ELISA, immunoblot, SARS-CoV-2 pseudoneutralisation and wild type neutralisation assays. (The trial is registered: ISRCTN17072692, EudraCT 2020-001646-20). FINDINGS 192 healthy individuals with no history or serological evidence of COVID-19, aged 18-45 years were enrolled. The vaccine was well tolerated with no serious adverse events related to vaccination. Seroconversion at week six whether measured by ELISA or immunoblot was related to dose (both p<0.001), ranging from 8% (3/39; 0.1μg) to 61% (14/23; 10.0μg) in ELISA and 46% (18/39; 0.3μg) to 87% (20/23; 5.0μg and 10.0μg) in a post-hoc immunoblot assay. Geometric mean (GM) anti-S IgG concentrations ranged from 74 (95% CI, 45-119) at 0.1μg to 1023 (468-2236) ng/mL at 5.0μg (p<0.001) and was not higher at 10.0μg. Neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2 by participant sera was measurable in 15% (6/39; 0.1μg) to 48% (11/23; 5.0μg) depending on dose level received. INTERPRETATION Encapsulated saRNA is safe for clinical development, is immunogenic at low dose levels but failed to induce 100% seroconversion. Modifications to optimise humoral responses are required to realise its potential as an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. FUNDING This study was co-funded by grants and gifts from the Medical Research Council UKRI (MC_PC_19076), and the National Institute Health Research/Vaccine Task Force, Partners of Citadel and Citadel Securities, Sir Joseph Hotung Charitable Settlement, Jon Moulton Charity Trust, Pierre Andurand, Restore the Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M. Pollock
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
- NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Libri
- NIHR UCLH Clinical Research Facility and NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Marta Boffito
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
- Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London
| | - David Owen
- NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Henry Bern
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, UK
| | - Jessica O'Hara
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
| | | | | | - Paul F. McKay
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
| | - Tommy Rampling
- NIHR UCLH Clinical Research Facility and NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Yee Ting N. Yim
- NIHR UCLH Clinical Research Facility and NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | | | | | - Tom Cole
- NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Susanne Fagerbrink
- NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Marites Aban
- NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Maniola Tanaka
- NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Savviz Mehdipour
- NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Alexander Robbins
- NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - William Budd
- NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Saul N. Faust
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hana Hassanin
- Surrey Clinical Research Facility, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Alan Winston
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
| | | | | | - Robin J. Shattock
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
- Corresponding author.
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Yang M, Huang Y, Wu H, Li C, Ling S, Sun J, Shen H, Yue B, Zhang X. Blood transcriptome analysis revealed the immune changes and immunological adaptation of wildness training giant pandas. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:227-239. [PMID: 34985592 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a global flagship species for biodiversity conservation. As the time for captive giant pandas to be released into the wild matures, wildness training is provided to allow adaptation to their natural environment. It is assumed that changes in the immune system would be integral in this adaptation from captive to wild, where many more pathogens would be encountered in their natural habitats. Therefore, this study aims to determine the expression changes of immune-related genes and their potential as immunoassay markers for adaptation monitoring in wildness training giant pandas, and then to understand the adaptation strategy of wildness training giant pandas to the wild environment, thereby improving the success rate of panda reintroduction. We obtained 300 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by RNA-seq, with 239 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated DEGs in wildness training giant pandas compared to captive pandas. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that up-regulated DEGs were enriched in several immune-related terms and pathways. There were 21 immune-related DEGs, in which most of them were up-regulated in wildness training giant pandas, including several critical innate and cellular immune genes. IL1R2 was the most significantly up-regulated gene and is a signature of homeostasis within the immune system. In the protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, CXCL8, CXCL10, and CCL5 were identified as the hub immune genes. Our results suggested that wildness training giant pandas have stronger innate and cellular immunity than captive giant pandas, and we proposed that a gene set of CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL5, CD3D, NFKBIA, TBX21, IL12RB2, and IL1R2 may serve as potential immunoassay markers to monitor and assess the immune status of wildness training giant pandas. Our study offers the first insight into immune alterations of wildness training giant pandas, paving the way for monitoring and evaluating the immune status of giant pandas when reintroducing them into the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 623006, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Wu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 623006, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 623006, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Ling
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 623006, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China.
- Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
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Harvesting of Antimicrobial Peptides from Insect (Hermetia illucens) and Its Applications in the Food Packaging. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11156991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
About one-third of the total food produced is wasted, rising the concern to adopt proper management. Simultaneously with the increase in population, demand for food is increasing which may lead to scarcity. Adequate packaging is one of the ways to avoid deterioration of food and prevent wastage. In recent years, active packaging has attained interest due to its commendable results in food preservation. Several studies proved that the embodiment of antimicrobial components into the packaging material has the ability to prevent microbial contamination. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are newly discovered antimicrobial agents for impregnation into packaging material. Among various sources for AMP, insects have shown great resistivity against a wide spectrum of microorganisms. Insects feed on substances consisting of a varying range of contaminations, which often results in infections. Insects synthesise AMPs to fight such infections and survive in that atmosphere. The disease-causing agents in humans are the same as those found in insects. Hence, AMPs extracted from insects have the potential to fight the microorganisms that act as hazards to human health. This review highlights the harvesting and synthesis of AMPs from Hermetia illucens, which is a promising source for AMP and its applications in the food packaging industry.
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Martin SF, Esser PR. Innate Immune Mechanisms in Contact Dermatitis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 268:297-310. [PMID: 34173865 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Allergies are highly prevalent hypersensitivity responses to usually harmless substances. They are mediated by the immune system which causes pathologic responses such as type I (rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic asthma, atopy) or type IV hypersensitivity (allergic contact dermatitis). The different types of allergy are mediated by effector and memory T cells and, in the case of type I hypersensitivity, B cells. A prerequisite for the activation of these cells of the adaptive immune system is the activation of the innate immune system. The resulting inflammation is essential not only for the initiation but also for the elicitation and maintenance of allergies. Great progress has been made in the elucidation of the cellular and molecular pathomechanisms underlying allergen-induced inflammation. It is now recognized that the innate immune system in concert with tissue stress and damage responses orchestrates inflammation. This should enable the development of novel mechanism-based anti-inflammatory treatment strategies as well as of animal-free in vitro assays for the identification and potency classification of contact allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Forschergruppe Allergologie, Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp R Esser
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Forschergruppe Allergologie, Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Freiburg, Germany.
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Identifying the Immunological Gene Signatures of Immune Cell Subtypes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6639698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is a complicated defensive system that comprises multiple functional cells and molecules acting against endogenous and exogenous pathogenic factors. Identifying immune cell subtypes and recognizing their unique immunological functions are difficult because of the complicated cellular components and immunological functions of the immune system. With the development of transcriptomics and high-throughput sequencing, the gene expression profiling of immune cells can provide a new strategy to explore the immune cell subtyping. On the basis of the new profiling data of mouse immune cell gene expression from the Immunological Genome Project (ImmGen), a novel computational pipeline was applied to identify different immune cell subtypes, including αβ T cells, B cells, γδ T cells, and innate lymphocytes. First, the profiling data was analyzed by a powerful feature selection method, Monte-Carlo Feature Selection, resulting in a feature list and some informative features. For the list, the two-stage incremental feature selection method, incorporating random forest as the classification algorithm, was applied to extract essential gene signatures and build an efficient classifier. On the other hand, a rule learning scheme was applied on the informative features to construct quantitative expression rules. A group of gene signatures was found as qualitatively related to the biological processes of four immune cell subtypes. The quantitative expression rules can efficiently cluster immune cells. This work provides a novel computational tool for immune cell quantitative subtyping and biomarker recognition.
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Ahmed HM, Babakir-Mina M. Investigation of rosemary herbal extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis) and their potential effects on immunity. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1829-1837. [PMID: 32086980 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of new curative drugs and the consumption of natural dietary ingredients with the ability to exhibit immunomodulatory activity is urgently needed to decrease the risk of chronic diseases among the population. Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic plant that has been traditionally and medicinally used as a carminative, antispasmodic, painkiller, circulatory tonic, to stimulate hair growth and to improve memory dysfunction. This study aimed to assess the potential effects of rosemary solvent extracts on human immune function. Science Direct, Web of Science, Wiley, Elsevier, PubMed, Scopus, and the Google scholar search engines were used to retrieve relevant information included combinations of "rosemary" or "R. officinalis" with "immune function," "immunity," "immune system," "anti-inflammatory," "inflammation," or "health benefit." A number of studies have been found a stimulatory effect of rosemary and its active compounds on the immune system in vitro and animal study, but there is a lack of evidence in humans for supporting this. The results demonstrated the potential of rosemary and its main active components as dietary ingredients with immunomodulatory functionality. Human studies should be performed and a double-blind randomized controlled trial would be ideal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa M Ahmed
- Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Slemani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.,Newcasle Center For Natural Therapy, Ranya, Slemani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Muhammed Babakir-Mina
- Community Health Department, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Slemani, Iraq
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13
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Martin SF, Bonefeld CM. Mechanisms of Irritant and Allergic Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_59-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Preoperative Illnesses in Children Do Not Increase the Risk of Complications After Hypospadias Repair. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019; 38:104-109. [PMID: 29620719 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative illnesses might induce immunosuppression and subsequently increase morbidity after surgery. Several studies have tried to identify risk factors for complications after hypospadias correction, but effects of illnesses in the weeks just before surgery are unknown. We aimed to determine the associations between preoperative illnesses not severe enough to postpone surgery and short-term complications after hypospadias repair in children. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected from 681 children with anterior or middle type hypospadias that had initial 1-stage repair in the period 1983-2012 in the Radboudumc, The Netherlands. The associations between common illnesses, such as common cold, fever and ear infection, within 2 weeks before repair, and postoperative complications, such as urethrocutaneous fistula, wound dehiscence and stenosis, within 2 months and 1 year after surgery, were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Of the 681 boys, 22% had preoperative illnesses, most often common cold, and 14% had postoperative complications. Children with preoperative illnesses had fewer postoperative complications within 2 months (n = 13, 9%) than children without preoperative illnesses (n = 79, 16%), resulting in a 50% risk reduction (odds ratio: 0.49; 95% confidence interval: 0.26-0.93). Preoperative infections (common cold, fever and ear infection), in particular, reduced the risk of postoperative infections (wound and urinary tract infections; odds ratio: 0.37; 95% confidence interval: 0.14-0.98). Results were similar for complications within 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Common preoperative illnesses not severe enough to postpone surgery did not increase the postoperative complication risk and even seemed to have a protective effect, especially for postoperative infections. Consequently, there is no reason to alter preoperative screening.
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Lv K, Wang G, Shen C, Zhang X, Yao H. Role and mechanism of the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome in oral disease. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 97:1-11. [PMID: 30315987 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize evidence and data from experimental studies regarding the role and mechanism of the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the pathogenesis of several representative oral diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search of PubMed and EBSCO was performed. The literature was searched using a combination of keywords, e.g., NLRP3 inflammasome, inflammation, microorganisms, oral inflammatory diseases, and oral immunological diseases. RESULTS The initiation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of several representative oral diseases, including periodontitis, oral lichen planus, dental pulp disease, and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in the progression of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses. The possible role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in several oral diseases, including not only periodontitis and pulpitis but also mucosal diseases and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, may involve the aberrant regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. Understanding the cellular and molecular biology of the NLRP3 inflammasome is necessary because the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of oral inflammatory and immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Lv
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Chenlu Shen
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Yinzhou People Hospital, College of Medicine, Ningbo University, China
| | - Hua Yao
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
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Jakasa I, Thyssen JP, Kezic S. The role of skin barrier in occupational contact dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:909-914. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivone Jakasa
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Jacob P. Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; National Allergy Research Centre; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Hellerup Denmark
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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17
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Inflammatory response of microglia to prions is controlled by sialylation of PrP Sc. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11326. [PMID: 30054538 PMCID: PMC6063910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is recognized as one of the obligatory pathogenic features of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s or prion diseases. In prion diseases, space and time correlations between deposition of disease-associated, pathogenic form of the prion protein or PrPSc and microglial-mediated neuroinflammation has been established. Yet, it remains unclear whether activation of microglia is triggered directly by a contact with PrPSc, and what molecular features of PrPSc microglia sense and respond to that drive microglia to inflammatory states. The current study asked the questions whether PrPSc can directly trigger activation of microglia and whether the degree of microglia response depends on the nature of terminal carbohydrate groups on the surface of PrPSc particles. PrPSc was purified from brains of mice infected with mouse-adapted prion strain 22L or neuroblastoma N2a cells stably infected with 22L. BV2 microglial cells or primary microglia were cultured in the presence of purified 22L. We found that exposure of BV2 cells or primary microglia to purified PrPSc triggered proinflammatory responses characterized by an increase in the levels of TNFα, IL6, nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS). Very similar patterns of inflammatory response were induced by PrPSc purified from mouse brains and neuroblastoma cells arguing that microglia response is independent of the source of PrPSc. To test whether the microglial response is mediated by carbohydrate epitopes on PrPSc surface, the levels of sialylation of PrPSc N-linked glycans was altered by treatment of purified PrPSc with neuraminidase. Partial cleavage of sialic acid residues was found to boost the inflammatory response of microglia to PrPSc. Moreover, transient degradation of Iκβα observed upon treatment with partially desialylated PrPSc suggests that canonical NFκB activation pathway is involved in inflammatory response. The current study is the first to demonstrate that PrPSc can directly trigger inflammatory response in microglia. In addition, this work provides direct evidence that the chemical nature of the carbohydrate groups on PrPSc surface is important for microglial activation.
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Abstract
About 20% of the general population is contact-sensitized to common haptens such as fragrances, preservatives, and metals. Many also develop allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), the clinical manifestation of contact sensitization. ACD represents a common health issue and is also one of the most important occupational diseases. Although this inflammatory skin disease is mediated predominantly by memory T lymphocytes recognizing low-molecular-weight chemicals after skin contact, the innate immune system also plays an important role. Along that line, the presence of irritants may increase the risk of ACD and therefore ACD is often seen in the context of irritant contact dermatitis. In this review article, we discuss recent progress in basic research that has dramatically increased our understanding of the pathomechanisms of ACD and provides a basis for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Current methods for diagnosis as well as treatment options of ACD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Centre (VUmc), De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081HV, Netherlands
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, DK-2900, Denmark
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19
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Pusch E, Renz H, Skevaki C. Respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity: Part of the problem or part of the solution? ALLERGO JOURNAL 2018; 27:28-45. [PMID: 32300267 PMCID: PMC7149200 DOI: 10.1007/s15007-018-1580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To provide current knowledge on respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity (HI) with a focus on humoral and cellular cross-reactivity. Adaptive heterologous immune responses have broad implications on infection, autoimmunity, allergy and transplant immunology. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved might ultimately open up possibilities for disease prevention, for example by vaccination. Methods A structured literature search was performed using Medline and PubMed to provide an overview of the current knowledge on respiratory-virus induced adaptive HI. Results In HI the immune response towards one antigen results in an alteration of the immune response towards a second antigen. We provide an overview of respiratory virus-induced HI, including viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RV), coronavirus (CoV) and influenza virus (IV). We discuss T cell receptor (TCR) and humoral cross-reactivity as mechanisms of HI involving those respiratory viruses. Topics covered include HI between respiratory viruses as well as between respiratory viruses and other pathogens. Newly developed vaccines, which have the potential to provide protection against multiple virus strains are also discussed. Furthermore, respiratory viruses have been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases, such as narcolepsy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, type 1 diabetes or myocarditis. Finally, we discuss the role of respiratory viruses in asthma and the hygiene hypothesis, and review our recent findings on HI between IV and allergens, which leads to protection from experimental asthma. Conclusion Respiratory-virus induced HI may have protective but also detrimental effects on the host. Respiratory viral infections contribute to asthma or autoimmune disease development, but on the other hand, a lack of microbial encounter is associated with an increasing number of allergic as well as autoimmune diseases. Future research might help identify the elements which determine a protective or detrimental outcome in HI-based mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Pusch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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20
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Pusch E, Renz H, Skevaki C. Respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity: Part of the problem or part of the solution? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 27:79-96. [PMID: 32226720 PMCID: PMC7100437 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-018-0056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To provide current knowledge on respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity (HI) with a focus on humoral and cellular cross-reactivity. Adaptive heterologous immune responses have broad implications on infection, autoimmunity, allergy and transplant immunology. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved might ultimately open up possibilities for disease prevention, for example by vaccination. Methods A structured literature search was performed using Medline and PubMed to provide an overview of the current knowledge on respiratory-virus induced adaptive HI. Results In HI the immune response towards one antigen results in an alteration of the immune response towards a second antigen. We provide an overview of respiratory virus-induced HI, including viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RV), coronavirus (CoV) and influenza virus (IV). We discuss T cell receptor (TCR) and humoral cross-reactivity as mechanisms of HI involving those respiratory viruses. Topics covered include HI between respiratory viruses as well as between respiratory viruses and other pathogens. Newly developed vaccines which have the potential to provide protection against multiple virus strains are also discussed. Furthermore, respiratory viruses have been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases, such as narcolepsy, Guillain–Barré syndrome, type 1 diabetes or myocarditis. Finally, we discuss the role of respiratory viruses in asthma and the hygiene hypothesis, and review our recent findings on HI between IV and allergens, which leads to protection from experimental asthma. Conclusion Respiratory-virus induced HI may have protective but also detrimental effects on the host. Respiratory viral infections contribute to asthma or autoimmune disease development, but on the other hand, a lack of microbial encounter is associated with an increasing number of allergic as well as autoimmune diseases. Future research might help identify the elements which determine a protective or detrimental outcome in HI-based mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Pusch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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21
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Trained innate immunity: a salient factor in the pathogenesis of neuroimmune psychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:170-176. [PMID: 29230022 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Historically, only cells of the adaptive immune system have been considered capable of retaining memory for infectious challenges. Recently, however, cells of the innate immune system have been shown to be capable of displaying long-term functional memory following a single immunostimulatory challenge, leading to enhanced production of proinflammatory molecules upon other subsequent, and temporally distant, immunostimulatory challenges. This effect has been termed 'trained innate immunity', and is underwritten by stable epigenetic changes in immune and metabolic pathways. Importantly, the long-term training of innate immune cells can occur as a result of infectious as well as and non-infectious challenges, including stress. Given the role that both stress and an activated immune system have in neuropathology, innate immune training has important implications for our understanding and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. This review focuses on the evidence for trained innate immunity and highlights some insights into its relevance for psychiatric diseases.
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Abstract
Contact sensitization is the initial process involved in the development of an allergic reaction to xenobiotic environmental substances. Here, we briefly describe the differences between irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. Then, we highlight the essential steps involved in the development of an ACD reaction, i.e., the protein binding of haptens, genetic factors influencing the penetration of sensitizers into the skin, the different mechanisms driving the initial development of an inflammatory cytokine micromilieu enabling the full maturation of dendritic cells, the role of pre- and pro-haptens, antigen presentation and T cell activation via MHC and CD1 molecules, dendritic cell (DC) migration, and potential LC contribution as well as the different T cell subsets involved in ACD. In addition, we discuss the latest publications regarding factors that might influence the sensitizing potential such as repeated sensitizer application, penetration enhancers, humidity of the skin, microbiota, Tregs, and phthalates. Last but not least, we briefly touch upon novel targets for drug development that might serve as treatment options for ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp R Esser
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 7, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 7, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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23
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Zhang Y, Xu X, Sun D, Cao J, Zhang Y, Huo X. Alteration of the number and percentage of innate immune cells in preschool children from an e-waste recycling area. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:615-622. [PMID: 28806563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are widespread environmental contaminants and exert detrimental effects on the immune system. We evaluated the association between Pb/Cd exposures and innate immune cells in children from an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling area. A total number of 294 preschool children were recruited, including 153 children from Guiyu (e-waste exposed group), and 141 from Haojiang (reference group). Pb and Cd levels in peripheral blood were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer, NK cell percentages were detected by flow cytometer, and other innate immune cells including monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and basophils were immediately measured by automated hematology analyzer. Results showed children in Guiyu had significantly higher Pb and Cd levels than in reference group. Absolute counts of monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and basophils, as well as percentages of eosinophils and neutrophils were significantly higher in the Guiyu group. In contrast, NK cell percentages were significantly lower in Guiyu group. Pb elicited significant escalation in counts of monocytes, eosinophils and basophils, as well as percentages of monocytes, but decline in percentages of neutrophils in different quintiles with respect to the first quintile of Pb concentrations. Cd induced significant increase in counts and percentages of neutrophils in the highest quintile compared with the first quintile of Cd concentrations. We concluded alteration of the number and percentage of innate immune cells are linked to higher levels of Pb and Cd, which indicates Pb and Cd exposures might affect the innate and adaptive immune response in Guiyu children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Di Sun
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjun Cao
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangzhou and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease which has defined three hallmarks: Small vessel vasculopathy, production of autoantibodies and fibroblast dysfunction. The exact aetiology of the disease remains unknown, due to the complex nature of the cellular signalling pathways involved. However, there is strong and consistent evidence that the innate system, in particular toll-like receptor signalling, is contributing to the progression and perhaps onset of systemic sclerosis. In light of this evidence, this review examines the role of innate immunity in systemic sclerosis and where appropriate suggests avenues for therapeutic modulation in SSc. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple lines of evidence suggest that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are dysregulated and emerging evidence suggests that many endogenous ligands are also elevated in the disease leading to 'sterile inflammation' and ultimately the induction of fibrosis. Currently, no effective therapy exists and exploiting the innate immune system perturbation may be one possible avenue. Innate immune dysregulation is key in SSc pathogenesis and may represent a novel target.
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Zeller KS, Johansson H, Lund TØ, Kristensen NN, Roggen EL, Lindstedt M. An alternative biomarker-based approach for the prediction of proteins known to sensitize the respiratory tract. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 46:155-162. [PMID: 29017774 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many natural and industrial proteins are known to have properties that can result in type I hypersensitivity, however, to date, no validated test system exists that can predict the sensitizing potential of these allergens. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a protocol based on the myeloid cell-based Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection (GARD) assay that can be used to assess and predict the capacity of protein allergens known to induce sensitization in the respiratory tract. Cellular responses induced by eight selected proteins were assessed using transcriptional profiling, flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine analysis. 391 potential biomarkers were identified as a predictive signature and a series of cross-validations supported the validity of the model. These results together with biological pathway analysis of the transcriptomic data indicate that the investigated cell system is able to capture relevant events linked to type I hypersensitization.
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Pallardy M, Bechara R. Chemical or Drug Hypersensitivity: Is the Immune System Clearing the Danger? Toxicol Sci 2017; 158:14-22. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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28
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Martin SF. Novel concepts of immune responses to chemicals in allergic contact dermatitis. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-016-1014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Muraille E. The Unspecific Side of Acquired Immunity Against Infectious Disease: Causes and Consequences. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1525. [PMID: 26793171 PMCID: PMC4707229 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired immunity against infectious disease (AIID) has long been considered as strictly dependent on the B and T lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system. Consequently, AIID has been viewed as highly specific to the antigens expressed by pathogens. However, a growing body of data motivates revision of this central paradigm of immunology. Unrelated past infection, vaccination, and chronic infection have been found to induce cross-protection against numerous pathogens. These observations can be partially explained by the poly-specificity of antigenic T and B receptors, the Mackaness effect and trained immunity. In addition, numerous studies highlight the importance of microbiota composition on resistance to infectious disease via direct competition or modulation of the immune response. All of these data support the idea that a non-negligible part of AIID in nature can be nonspecific to the pathogens encountered and even of the antigens expressed by pathogens. As this protection may be dependent on the private T and B repertoires produced by the random rearrangement of genes, past immune history, chronic infection, and microbiota composition, it is largely unpredictable at the individual level. However, we can reasonably expect that a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms will allow us to statistically predict cross-protection at the population level. From an evolutionary perspective, selection of immune mechanisms allowing for partially nonspecific AIID would appear to be advantageous against highly polymorphic and rapidly evolving pathogens. This new emerging paradigm may have several important consequences on our understanding of individual infectious disease susceptibility and our conception of tolerance, vaccination and therapeutic strategies against infection and cancer. It also underscores the importance of viewing the microbiota and persisting infectious agents as integral parts of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Muraille
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de BruxellesBruxelles, Belgium
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30
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The Antiinflammatory Potential of Flavonoids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63602-7.00003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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31
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32
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Martin SF. New concepts in cutaneous allergy. Contact Dermatitis 2014; 72:2-10. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F. Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology; Medical Centre - University of Freiburg; Hauptstrasse 7 D-79104 Freiburg Germany
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