1
|
Bosten JM, Lawrance-Owen AJ, Bargary G, Goodbourn PT, Mollon JD. 13q32.1 as a candidate region for physiological anisocoria. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1730-1735. [PMID: 35273018 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological anisocoria is an asymmetry of pupil size in the absence of pathology. METHODS Images of the pupils under standard illumination were collected in the course of a whole-genome association study of a range of visual functions in 1060 healthy adults. DNA for each participant was extracted from saliva samples. RESULTS We found no relationship between anisocoria and the difference in refraction between the eyes, nor between anisocoria and difference in acuity. There was a small but significant relationship with lightness of the iris, in that the eye with the smaller pupil was associated with the lighter iris. There was a strong association between anisocoria and a local region of chromosome 13 (13q32.1), a region lying between the genes GPR180 and SOX21. The strongest association was with the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs9524583. CONCLUSION The very specific region associated with anisocoria is one where microdeletions (or microduplications) are known to lead to abnormal development of pupil dilator muscle and hence to the autosomal dominant condition of microcoria. It is possible that alterations at 13q32.1 act by altering the expression of SOX21, which encodes a nuclear transcription factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny M Bosten
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Gary Bargary
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick T Goodbourn
- School of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John D Mollon
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Spitschan M, Joyce DS. Human-Centric Lighting Research and Policy in the Melanopsin Age. POLICY INSIGHTS FROM THE BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES 2023; 10:237-246. [PMID: 38919981 PMCID: PMC7615961 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231196896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Beyond visual function, specialized light-sensitive retinal circuits involving the photopigment melanopsin drive critical aspects of human physiology and behavior, including sleep-wake rhythms, hormone production, mood, and cognition. Fundamental discoveries of visual neurobiology dating back to the 1990s have given rise to strong interest from the lighting industry in optimizing lighting to benefit health. Consequently, evidence-based recommendations, regulations, and policies need to translate current knowledge of neurobiology into practice. Here, reviewing recent advances in understanding of NIF circuits in humans leads to proposed strategies to optimize electric lighting. Highlighted knowledge gaps must be addressed urgently, as well as the challenge of developing personalized, adaptive NIF lighting interventions accounting for complex individual differences in physiology, behavior, and environment. Finally, lighting equity issues appear in the context of marginalized groups, who have traditionally been underserved in research on both fundamental visual processes and applied lighting. Biologically optimal light is a fundamental environmental right.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Spitschan
- TUM School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Research Group Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel S. Joyce
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kosanovic Rajacic B, Sagud M, Pivac N, Begic D. Illuminating the way: the role of bright light therapy in the treatment of depression. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:1157-1171. [PMID: 37882458 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2273396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the growing number of different therapeutic options, treatment of depression is still a challenge. A broader perspective reveals the benefits of bright light therapy (BLT). It stimulates intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, which induces a complex cascade of events, including alterations in melatonergic, neurotrophic, GABAergic, glutamatergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic systems, and HPA axis, suggesting that BLT effects expand beyond the circadian pacemaker. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors present and discuss recent data of BLT in major depressive disorder, non-seasonal depression, bipolar depression or depressive phase of bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder, as well as in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The authors further highlight BLT effects in various depressive disorders compared to placebo and report data from several studies suggesting a response to BLT in TRD. Also, the authors report data showing that BLT can be used both as a monotherapy or in combination with other pharmacological treatments. EXPERT OPINION BLT is an easy-to-use and low-budget therapy with good tolerability. Future studies should focus on clinical and biological predictors of response to BLT, on defining specific populations which may benefit from BLT and establishing treatment protocols regarding timing, frequency, and duration of BLT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Kosanovic Rajacic
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Sagud
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Applied Sciences Hrvatsko Zagorje Krapina, Croatian Zagorje Polytechnic Krapina, Krapina, Croatia
| | - Drazen Begic
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Karthikeyan R, Davies WI, Gunhaga L. Non-image-forming functional roles of OPN3, OPN4 and OPN5 photopigments. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2023.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
|
5
|
Zhang W, Zeng W, Li P, Feng J, Zhang Y, Jin S, Deng J, Qi S, Lu H. The effects of missense OPN3 mutations in melanocytic lesions on protein structure and light-sensitive function. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1932-1938. [PMID: 36017595 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Opsin 3 (OPN3), a member of the light-sensitive, retinal-dependent opsin family, is widely expressed in a variety of human tissues and plays a multitude of light-dependent and light-independent roles. We recently identified five missense variants of OPN3, including p. I51T, p. V134A, p. V183I, p. M256I and p. C331Y, in human melanocytic tumours. However, it remains unclear how these OPN3 variants affect OPN3 protein structure and function. Herein, we conducted structural and functional studies of these variant proteins in OPN3 by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, we performed in vitro fluorescence calcium imaging to assess the functional properties of five single-nucleotide variant (SNV) proteins using a site-directed mutagenesis method. Notably, the p. I51T variant was not able to effectively dock with 11-cis-retinal. Additionally, in vitro, the p. I51T SNVs failed to induce any detectable changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration at room temperature. Taken together, these results reveal that five SNVs in the OPN3 gene have deleterious effects on protein structure and function, suggesting that these mutations, especially the p. I51T variant, significantly disrupt the canonical function of the OPN3 protein. Our findings provide new insight into the role of OPN3 variants in the loss of protein function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Pinhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianglong Feng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yulei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuqi Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jialing Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shengwen Qi
- Department of Physics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Hongguang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Smieszek SP, Polymeropoulos CM, Birznieks G, Polymeropoulos MH. Case report: A novel missense variant in melanopsin associates with delayed sleep phenotype: Whole genome sequencing study. Front Genet 2022; 13:896192. [PMID: 36246649 PMCID: PMC9561615 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.896192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanopsin (OPN4) is a blue light-sensitive opsin-type G-protein coupled receptor. It is highly expressed in photosensitive retinal ganglion cells which mediate responses to light, including regulation of sleep, circadian photoentrainment, and pupillary light response. Mutations in OPN4 were shown to affect responses to light, ultimately affecting the regulation of circadian rhythms and sleep. In this study, we describe a male carrier of the OPN4 missense variant diagnosed with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD), with a consistent recurrent pattern of delayed sleep onset The rs143641898 [NM_033282.4:c.502C>T p.(Arg168Cys)] variant in the OPN4 gene was shown in a functional study to render the OPN4 protein non-functional. The variant is rare and likely increases the risk of DSWPD via its direct effect on the melanopsin pathway. This study offers useful insights for the differential diagnosis and ultimately treatment of DSWPD risk in which patients carry pathogenic variants in the OPN4 gene.
Collapse
|
7
|
Spitschan M, Santhi N. Individual differences and diversity in human physiological responses to light. EBioMedicine 2022; 75:103640. [PMID: 35027334 PMCID: PMC8808156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to light affects our physiology and behaviour through a pathway connecting the retina to the circadian pacemaker in the hypothalamus - the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Recent research has identified significant individual differences in the non-visual effects of light,mediated by this pathway. Here, we discuss the fundamentals and individual differences in the non-visual effects of light. We propose a set of actions to improve our evidence database to be more diverse: understanding systematic bias in the evidence base, dedicated efforts to recruit more diverse participants, routine deposition and sharing of data, and development of data standards and reporting guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Spitschan
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Nayantara Santhi
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bacalini MG, Palombo F, Garagnani P, Giuliani C, Fiorini C, Caporali L, Stanzani Maserati M, Capellari S, Romagnoli M, De Fanti S, Benussi L, Binetti G, Ghidoni R, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Arcaro M, Bonanni E, Siciliano G, Maestri M, Guarnieri B, Martucci M, Monti D, Carelli V, Franceschi C, La Morgia C, Santoro A. Association of rs3027178 polymorphism in the circadian clock gene PER1 with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease and longevity in an Italian population. GeroScience 2021; 44:881-896. [PMID: 34921659 PMCID: PMC9135916 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiological processes in the human body follow a 24-h circadian rhythm controlled by the circadian clock system. Light, sensed by retina, is the predominant “zeitgeber” able to synchronize the circadian rhythms to the light-dark cycles. Circadian rhythm dysfunction and sleep disorders have been associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, we aimed at investigating the genetic variability of clock genes in AD patients compared to healthy controls from Italy. We also included a group of Italian centenarians, considered as super-controls in association studies given their extreme phenotype of successful aging. We analyzed the exon sequences of eighty-four genes related to circadian rhythms, and the most significant variants identified in this first discovery phase were further assessed in a larger independent cohort of AD patients by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The results identified a significant association between the rs3027178 polymorphism in the PER1 circadian gene with AD, the G allele being protective for AD. Interestingly, rs3027178 showed similar genotypic frequencies among AD patients and centenarians. These results collectively underline the relevance of circadian dysfunction in the predisposition to AD and contribute to the discussion on the role of the relationship between the genetics of age-related diseases and of longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Bacalini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Laboratorio Brain Aging, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Palombo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Applied Biomedical Research Center (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy.,CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Fiorini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Caporali
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Sabina Capellari
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Romagnoli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara De Fanti
- Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Arcaro
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Bonanni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Maestri
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Guarnieri
- Center of Sleep Medicine, Villa Serena Hospital and Villaserena Foundation for the Research, Città S. Angelo, Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Chiara La Morgia
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mei G, Cavini CM, Mamaeva N, Wang P, DeGrip WJ, Rothschild KJ. Optical Switching Between Long-lived States of Opsin Transmembrane Voltage Sensors. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1001-1015. [PMID: 33817800 PMCID: PMC8596844 DOI: 10.1111/php.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Opsin-based transmembrane voltage sensors (OTVSs) are membrane proteins increasingly used in optogenetic applications to measure voltage changes across cellular membranes. In order to better understand the photophysical properties of OTVSs, we used a combination of UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence and FT-Raman spectroscopy to characterize QuasAr2 and NovArch, two closely related mutants derived from the proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (AR3). We find both QuasAr2 and NovArch can be optically cycled repeatedly between O-like and M-like states using 5-min exposure to red (660 nm) and near-UV (405 nm) light. Longer red-light exposure resulted in the formation of a long-lived photoproduct similar to pink membrane, previously found to be a photoproduct of the BR O intermediate with a 9-cis retinylidene chromophore configuration. However, unlike QuasAr2 whose O-like state is stable in the dark, NovArch exhibits an O-like state which slowly partially decays in the dark to a stable M-like form with a deprotonated Schiff base and a 13-cis,15-anti retinylidene chromophore configuration. These results reveal a previously unknown complexity in the photochemistry of OTVSs including the ability to optically switch between different long-lived states. The possible molecular basis of these newly discovered properties along with potential optogenetic and biotechnological applications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Mei
- Molecular Biophysics LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsPhotonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA
| | - Cesar M. Cavini
- Molecular Biophysics LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsPhotonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA
| | - Natalia Mamaeva
- Molecular Biophysics LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsPhotonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA
| | | | - Willem J. DeGrip
- Department of Biophysical Organic ChemistryLeiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of BiochemistryRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Kenneth J. Rothschild
- Molecular Biophysics LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsPhotonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chellappa SL. Individual differences in light sensitivity affect sleep and circadian rhythms. Sleep 2021; 44:5922657. [PMID: 33049062 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial lighting is omnipresent in contemporary society with disruptive consequences for human sleep and circadian rhythms because of overexposure to light, particularly in the evening/night hours. Recent evidence shows large individual variations in circadian photosensitivity, such as melatonin suppression, due to artificial light exposure. Despite the emerging body of research indicating that the effects of light on sleep and circadian rhythms vary dramatically across individuals, recommendations for appropriate light exposure in real-life settings rarely consider such individual effects. This review addresses recently identified links among individual traits, for example, age, sex, chronotype, genetic haplotypes, and the effects of evening/night light on sleep and circadian hallmarks, based on human laboratory and field studies. Target biological mechanisms for individual differences in light sensitivity include differences occurring within the retina and downstream, such as the central circadian clock. This review also highlights that there are wide gaps of uncertainty, despite the growing awareness that individual differences shape the effects of evening/night light on sleep and circadian physiology. These include (1) why do certain individual traits differentially affect the influence of light on sleep and circadian rhythms; (2) what is the translational value of individual differences in light sensitivity in populations typically exposed to light at night, such as night shift workers; and (3) what is the magnitude of individual differences in light sensitivity in population-based studies? Collectively, the current findings provide strong support for considering individual differences when defining optimal lighting specifications, thus allowing for personalized lighting solutions that promote quality of life and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Chellappa
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aranda ML, Schmidt TM. Diversity of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells: circuits and functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:889-907. [PMID: 32965515 PMCID: PMC8650628 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are a relatively recently discovered class of atypical ganglion cell photoreceptor. These ipRGCs are a morphologically and physiologically heterogeneous population that project widely throughout the brain and mediate a wide array of visual functions ranging from photoentrainment of our circadian rhythms, to driving the pupillary light reflex to improve visual function, to modulating our mood, alertness, learning, sleep/wakefulness, regulation of body temperature, and even our visual perception. The presence of melanopsin as a unique molecular signature of ipRGCs has allowed for the development of a vast array of molecular and genetic tools to study ipRGC circuits. Given the emerging complexity of this system, this review will provide an overview of the genetic tools and methods used to study ipRGCs, how these tools have been used to dissect their role in a variety of visual circuits and behaviors in mice, and identify important directions for future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos L Aranda
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Tiffany M Schmidt
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gutiérrez-Amavizca BE, Prado Montes de Oca E, Gutiérrez-Amavizca JP, Castro OD, Ruíz-Marquez CH, Perez Conde-Andreu K, Pérez Calderón R, Aguirre Ramírez M, Pérez-León JA. Association of P10L Polymorphism in Melanopsin Gene with Chronic Insomnia in Mexicans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020571. [PMID: 33445464 PMCID: PMC7827055 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this pilot study was to determine the association of the P10L (rs2675703) polymorphism of the OPN4 gene with chronic insomnia in uncertain etiology in a Mexican population. A case control study was performed including 98 healthy subjects and 29 individuals with chronic insomnia not related to mental disorders, medical condition, medication or substance abuse. Samples were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Genetic analyses showed that the T allele of P10L increased risk to chronic insomnia in a dominant model (p = 1 ×10−4; odds ratio (OR) = 9.37, CI = 8.18–335.66, Kelsey statistical power (KSP) = 99.9%), and in a recessive model (p = 7.5 × 10−5, OR = 9.37, KSP = 99.3%, CI = 2.7–34.29). In the insomnia group, we did not find a correlation between genotypes and chronotype (p = 0.219 Fisher’s exact test), severity of chronic insomnia using ISI score (p = 0.082 Fisher’s exact test) and ESS score (p ˃ 0.999 Fisher’s exact test). However, evening chronotype was correlated to daytime sleepiness severity, individuals with an eveningness chronotype had more severe drowsiness according to their insomnia severity index (ISI) score (p = 0.021 Fisher’s exact test) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score (p = 0.015 Fisher’s exact test) than the morningness and intermediate chronotype. We demonstrated that the T allele of the P10L polymorphism in the OPN4 gene is associated with chronic insomnia in Mexicans. We suggest the need to conduct larger studies in different ethnic populations to test the probable association and function of P10L and other SNPs in the OPN4 gene and in the onset of chronic insomnia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ethel Gutiérrez-Amavizca
- Chemical Biological Sciences PhD Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Ciudad Juarez Autonomous University, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (B.E.G.-A.); (J.P.G.-A.); (O.D.C.); (C.H.R.-M.); (K.P.C.-A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Ernesto Prado Montes de Oca
- Laboratory of Regulatory SNPs and Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Preventive Medicine, Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Pharmaceutical and Medical Biotechnology, Central Unit, CIATEJ, A.C., National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; or
- Scripps Research Translational Institute & Scripps Integrative Structural and Computational Biology Research Institute La Jolla, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
| | - Jaime Paul Gutiérrez-Amavizca
- Chemical Biological Sciences PhD Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Ciudad Juarez Autonomous University, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (B.E.G.-A.); (J.P.G.-A.); (O.D.C.); (C.H.R.-M.); (K.P.C.-A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Oscar David Castro
- Chemical Biological Sciences PhD Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Ciudad Juarez Autonomous University, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (B.E.G.-A.); (J.P.G.-A.); (O.D.C.); (C.H.R.-M.); (K.P.C.-A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Cesar Heriberto Ruíz-Marquez
- Chemical Biological Sciences PhD Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Ciudad Juarez Autonomous University, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (B.E.G.-A.); (J.P.G.-A.); (O.D.C.); (C.H.R.-M.); (K.P.C.-A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Kricel Perez Conde-Andreu
- Chemical Biological Sciences PhD Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Ciudad Juarez Autonomous University, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (B.E.G.-A.); (J.P.G.-A.); (O.D.C.); (C.H.R.-M.); (K.P.C.-A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Ricardo Pérez Calderón
- Genomics Sciences Masters Program, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Ciudad Juarez Autonomous University, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico;
| | - Marisela Aguirre Ramírez
- Chemical Biological Sciences PhD Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Ciudad Juarez Autonomous University, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (B.E.G.-A.); (J.P.G.-A.); (O.D.C.); (C.H.R.-M.); (K.P.C.-A.); (M.A.R.)
- Cuerpo Académico Consolidado Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alberto Pérez-León
- Chemical Biological Sciences PhD Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Ciudad Juarez Autonomous University, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (B.E.G.-A.); (J.P.G.-A.); (O.D.C.); (C.H.R.-M.); (K.P.C.-A.); (M.A.R.)
- Cuerpo Académico Consolidado Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Eickelbeck D, Rudack T, Tennigkeit SA, Surdin T, Karapinar R, Schwitalla JC, Mücher B, Shulman M, Scherlo M, Althoff P, Mark MD, Gerwert K, Herlitze S. Lamprey Parapinopsin ("UVLamP"): a Bistable UV-Sensitive Optogenetic Switch for Ultrafast Control of GPCR Pathways. Chembiochem 2019; 21:612-617. [PMID: 31468691 PMCID: PMC7079062 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics uses light‐sensitive proteins, so‐called optogenetic tools, for highly precise spatiotemporal control of cellular states and signals. The major limitations of such tools include the overlap of excitation spectra, phototoxicity, and lack of sensitivity. The protein characterized in this study, the Japanese lamprey parapinopsin, which we named UVLamP, is a promising optogenetic tool to overcome these limitations. Using a hybrid strategy combining molecular, cellular, electrophysiological, and computational methods we elucidated a structural model of the dark state and probed the optogenetic potential of UVLamP. Interestingly, it is the first described bistable vertebrate opsin that has a charged amino acid interacting with the Schiff base in the dark state, that has no relevance for its photoreaction. UVLamP is a bistable UV‐sensitive opsin that allows for precise and sustained optogenetic control of G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways and can be switched on, but more importantly also off within milliseconds via lowintensity short light pulses. UVLamP exhibits an extremely narrow excitation spectrum in the UV range allowing for sustained activation of the Gi/o pathway with a millisecond UV light pulse. Its sustained pathway activation can be switched off, surprisingly also with a millisecond blue light pulse, minimizing phototoxicity. Thus, UVLamP serves as a minimally invasive, narrow‐bandwidth probe for controlling the Gi/o pathway, allowing for combinatorial use with multiple optogenetic tools or sensors. Because UVLamP activated Gi/o signals are generally inhibitory and decrease cellular activity, it has tremendous potential for health‐related applications such as relieving pain, blocking seizures, and delaying neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Eickelbeck
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, ND7/31, Universitätsstasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Till Rudack
- Biospectroscopy, Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus 4, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, ND04/596, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Alexander Tennigkeit
- Biospectroscopy, Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus 4, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, ND04/596, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tatjana Surdin
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, ND7/31, Universitätsstasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Raziye Karapinar
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, ND7/31, Universitätsstasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan-Claudius Schwitalla
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, ND7/31, Universitätsstasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Brix Mücher
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, ND7/31, Universitätsstasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maiia Shulman
- Biospectroscopy, Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus 4, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, ND04/596, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marvin Scherlo
- Biospectroscopy, Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus 4, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, ND04/596, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Philipp Althoff
- Biospectroscopy, Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus 4, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, ND04/596, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melanie D Mark
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, ND7/31, Universitätsstasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Gerwert
- Biospectroscopy, Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus 4, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, ND04/596, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, ND7/31, Universitätsstasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thompson S, Blodi FR, Larson DR, Anderson MG, Stasheff SF. The Efemp1R345W Macular Dystrophy Mutation Causes Amplified Circadian and Photophobic Responses to Light in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2110-2117. [PMID: 31095679 PMCID: PMC6735810 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The R345W mutation in EFEMP1 causes malattia leventinese, an autosomal dominant eye disease with pathogenesis similar to an early-onset age-related macular degeneration. In mice, Efemp1R345W does not cause detectable degeneration but small subretinal deposits do accumulate. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were abnormal responses to light at this presymptomatic stage in Efemp1R345W mice. Methods Responses to light were assessed by visual water task, circadian phase shifting, and negative masking behavior. The mechanism of abnormal responses was investigated by anterior eye exam, electroretinogram, melanopsin cell quantification, and multielectrode recording of retinal ganglion cell activity. Results Visual acuity was not different in Efemp1R345W mice. However, amplitudes of circadian phase shifting (P = 0.016) and negative masking (P < 0.0001) were increased in Efemp1R345W mice. This phenotype was not explained by anterior eye defects or amplified outer retina responses. Instead, we identified increased melanopsin-generated responses to light in the ganglion cell layer of the retina (P < 0.01). Conclusions Efemp1R345W increases the sensitivity to light of behavioral responses driven by detection of irradiance. An amplified response to light in melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) is consistent with this phenotype. The major concern with this effect of the malattia leventinese mutation is the potential for abnormal regulation of physiology by light to negatively affect health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Thompson
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, New Mexico, United States.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Frederick R Blodi
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Demelza R Larson
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,Biology Department, College of St. Benedict & St. John's University, Collegeville, Minnesota, United States
| | - Michael G Anderson
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,VA Center for Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Steven F Stasheff
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,Unit on Retinal Neurophysiology, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States.,Center for Neurosciences and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.,George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|