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Ni Y, Chen H, Cheng X, Sun B, Wu Z, Zhan Q, Zhuang Z. Hdm2 disrupts HdmX-mediated nuclear export of p53 by sequestering it in nucleus. Exp Cell Res 2024; 441:114185. [PMID: 39069150 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the tumor suppressor p53 occurs in most human cancers, Hdm2 and HdmX play critical roles in p53 inactivation and degradation. Under unstressed conditions, HdmX binds to p53 like Hdm2, but HdmX cannot directly induce p53 degradation. Moreover, HdmX has been reported to stimulate Hdm2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p53. Here we reported that HdmX promoted the nuclear export of p53 independent of Hdm2 in living cells using FRET technology. Whereas, Hdm2 impeded HdmX-mediated nuclear export of p53 by sequestering it in nucleus. Interestingly, the C-terminal RING domain mutant Hdm2C464A formed heterooligomers with p53 in nucleus, which was inhibited by HdmX. The heterooligomers were located near PML-NBs. This study indicate that the nuclear Hdm2-HdmX interaction aborts the HdmX-mediated nuclear export of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ni
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Hongce Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Xuecheng Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Beini Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhirui Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qiuqiang Zhan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhengfei Zhuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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2
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Zhan Y, Wu G, Fan X, Fu Z, Ni Y, Sun B, Chen H, Chen T, Wang X. YAP upregulates AMPKα1 to induce cancer cell senescence. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 170:106559. [PMID: 38499237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP)-a major effector protein of the Hippo pathway- regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence. Amp-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key sensor that monitors cellular nutrient supply and energy status. Although YAP and AMPK are considered to regulate cellular senescence, it is still unclear whether AMPK is involved in YAP-regulated cellular senescence. Here, we found that YAP promoted AMPKα1 aggregation and localization around mitochondria by co-transfecting CFP-YAP and YFP-AMPKα1 plasmids. Subsequent live cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay did not exhibit direct interaction between YAP and AMPKα1. FRET, Co-immunoprecipitation, and western blot experiments revealed that YAP directly bound to TEAD, enhancing the expression of AMPKα1 and p-AMPKα. Treatment with verteporfin inhibited YAP's binding to TEAD and reversed the elevated expression of AMPKα1 in the cells overexpressing CFP-YAP. Verteporfin also reduced the proportion of AMPKα1 puncta in the cells co-expressing CFP-YAP and YFP-AMPKα1. In addition, the AMPKα1 puncta were demonstrated to inhibit cell viability, autophagy, and proliferation, and ultimately promote cell senescence. In conclusion, YAP binds to TEAD to upregulate AMPKα1 and promotes the formation of AMPKα1 puncta around mitochondria under the condition of co-expression of CFP-YAP and YFP-AMPKα1, in which AMPKα1 puncta lead to cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtong Zhan
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guihao Wu
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xuhong Fan
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ze Fu
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yue Ni
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Beini Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hongce Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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3
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Lin C, Zhang Y, Liao J, Cui S, Gao Z, Han W. Effect of photodynamic therapy mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives on small cell lung cancer H446 cells and bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:65. [PMID: 38368311 PMCID: PMC10874342 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives (HPD) on the proliferation of small cell lung cancer H446 cells and bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. H446 cells and BEAS-2B cells were cultured in vitro with different concentrations of HPD(0, 5, 10, 12, 15, 20 μg/mL) for 4 h, and then irradiated with 630 nm laser with different energy densities (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mW/cm2). Cell viability of H446 cells and BEAS-2B cells were detected by CCK8 assay. The cell apoptosis was observed with Annexin V-FTTC/PI double staining and Hoechst 33258. The RT-PCR examination was applied to detect the transcriptional changes of the mRNA of Bax、Bcl-2, and Caspase-9. The results of CCK8 showed that when the HPD was 15 μg/mL and the laser power density reached 50 mW/cm2, the cell viability was significantly decreased compared with the black control group. Hoechst 33258 staining showed that with the increase of HPD concentration, the cell density was reduced, and apoptotic cells increased. Flow cytometry assay revealed that the apoptotic rates of the HPD-PDT group of H446 cells and BEAS-2B cells were significantly different from those of the blank control group. The RT-PCR examination showed that the expression levels of Bax and Caspase-9 mRNA in the HPD-PDT group were up-regulated, while the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA were down-regulated significantly. HPD-PDT can inhibit H446 cells and BEAS-2B cells growth. The mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expression levels of Bax and Caspase-9 mRNA and down-regulating the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunzhi Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yan Tai, 264001, China
| | - Jiemei Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411199, China
| | - Shichao Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhe Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Weizhong Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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4
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Zhang W, Zhang Z, Xiang Y, Gu DD, Chen J, Chen Y, Zhai S, Liu Y, Jiang T, Liu C, He B, Yan M, Wang Z, Xu J, Cao YL, Deng B, Zeng D, Lei J, Zhuo J, Lei X, Long Z, Jin B, Chen T, Li D, Shen Y, Hu J, Gao S, Liu Q. Aurora kinase A-mediated phosphorylation triggers structural alteration of Rab1A to enhance ER complexity during mitosis. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:219-231. [PMID: 38177680 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Morphological rearrangement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is critical for metazoan mitosis. Yet, how the ER is remodeled by the mitotic signaling remains unclear. Here, we report that mitotic Aurora kinase A (AURKA) employs a small GTPase, Rab1A, to direct ER remodeling. During mitosis, AURKA phosphorylates Rab1A at Thr75. Structural analysis demonstrates that Thr75 phosphorylation renders Rab1A in a constantly active state by preventing interaction with GDP-dissociation inhibitor (GDI). Activated Rab1A is retained on the ER and induces the oligomerization of ER-shaping protein RTNs and REEPs, eventually triggering an increase of ER complexity. In various models, from Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila to mammals, inhibition of Rab1AThr75 phosphorylation by genetic modifications disrupts ER remodeling. Thus, our study reveals an evolutionarily conserved mechanism explaining how mitotic kinase controls ER remodeling and uncovers a critical function of Rab GTPases in metaphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Dong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jinna Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shixian Zhai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Min Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Lu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Deshun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Junxiao Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xinxing Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zijie Long
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bilian Jin
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yidong Shen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Song Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Quentin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Trębińska-Stryjewska A, Wakula M, Chmielarczyk M, Grzybowska EA. HAX1: A versatile, intrinsically disordered regulatory protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119538. [PMID: 37454914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
HAX1 is a relatively small, ubiquitously expressed, predominantly mitochondrial, intrinsically disordered protein. It has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, cell migration, calcium cycling, proteostasis, angiogenesis, autophagy and translation. A wide spectrum of functions, numerous interactions and still elusive molecular mechanisms of action make HAX1 an intriguing subject of research. Moreover, HAX1 is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases; its deficiency leads to neutropenia and its overexpression is associated with cancer. In this review we aim to describe the characteristics of HAX1 gene and protein, and comprehensively discuss its multiple functions, highlighting the emerging role of HAX1 in protection from stress and apoptosis through maintaining cellular proteostasis and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Wakula
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ewa A Grzybowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
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6
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Mai Z, Sun H, Yang F, Du M, Cheng X, Chen H, Sun B, Wen J, Wang X, Chen T. Bad is essential for Bcl-xL-enhanced Bax shuttling between mitochondria and cytosol. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 155:106359. [PMID: 36586532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although Bcl-xL has been shown to retrotranslocate Bax from mitochondria to cytosol, other studies have found that Bcl-xL also stabilizes the mitochondrial localization of Bax. It is still unclear what causes the difference in Bcl-xL-regulated Bax localization. Bad, a BH3-only protein with a high affinity for Bcl-xL, may play an important role in Bcl-xL-regulated Bax shuttling. Here, we found that Bcl-xL enhanced both translocalization and retrotranslocation of mitochondrial Bax, as evidenced by quantitative co-localization, western blots and fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) analyses. Notably, Bad knockdown prevented Bcl-xL-mediated Bax retrotranslocation, indicating Bad was essential for this process. Quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging in living cells and co-immunoprecipitation analyses showed that the interaction of Bcl-xL with Bad was stronger than that with Bax. The Bad mimetic ABT-737 dissociated Bax from Bcl-xL on isolated mitochondria, suggesting that mitochondrial Bax was directly liberated to cytosol due to Bad binding to Bcl-xL. In addition, MK-2206, an Akt inhibitor, decreased Bad phosphorylation while increasing cytosolic Bax proportion. Our data firmly demonstrate a notion that Bad binds to mitochondrial Bcl-xL to release Bax, resulting in retrotranslocation of Bax to cytosol, and that the amount of Bad involved is regulated by Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Mai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Han Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mengyan Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xuecheng Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hongce Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Beini Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Junlin Wen
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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7
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Regorafenib induces Bim-mediated intrinsic apoptosis by blocking AKT-mediated FOXO3a nuclear export. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:37. [PMID: 36720853 PMCID: PMC9889785 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Regorafenib (REGO) is a synthetic oral multi-kinase inhibitor with potent antitumor activity. In this study, we investigate the molecular mechanisms by which REGO induces apoptosis. REGO induced cytotoxicity, inhibited the proliferation and migration ability of cells, and induced nuclear condensation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells. REGO downregulated PI3K and p-AKT level, and prevented FOXO3a nuclear export. Most importantly, AKT agonist (SC79) not only inhibited REGO-induced FOXO3a nuclear localization and apoptosis but also restored the proliferation and migration ability of cancer cells, further demonstrating that REGO prevented FOXO3a nuclear export by deactivating PI3K/AKT. REGO treatment promotes Bim expression via the FOXO3a nuclear localization pathway following PI3K/AKT inactivation. REGO induced Bim upregulation and translocation into mitochondria as well as Bim-mediated Bax translocation into mitochondria. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis showed that REGO enhanced the binding of Bim to Bak/Bax. Knockdown of Bim, Bak and Bax respectively almost completely inhibited REGO-induced apoptosis, demonstrating the key role of Bim by directly activating Bax/Bak. Knockdown of Bax but not Bak inhibited REGO-induced Drp1 oligomerization in mitochondria. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that REGO promotes apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a/Bim-mediated intrinsic pathway.
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8
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Wu G, Yang F, Cheng X, Mai Z, Wang X, Chen T. Live-cell imaging analysis on the anti-apoptotic function of the Bcl-xL transmembrane carboxyl terminal domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 639:91-99. [PMID: 36476951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The Transmembrane Carboxyl Terminal Domain (TMD) of some Bcl-2 family proteins has been demonstrated to play a key role in modulating apoptosis. We here ustilzed live-cell fluorescence imaging to evaluate how the Bcl-xL TMD (XT) regulate apoptosis. Cell viability assay revealed that XT had strong anti-apoptotic ability similarly to the full-length Bcl-xL. Fluorescence images of living cells co-expressing CFP-XT and Bad-YFP or YFP-Bax revealed that XT recruited Bad to mitochondria but prevented Bax translocation to mitochondria, and also significantly suppressed Bad/Bax-mediated apoptosis, indicating that XT prevents the pro-apoptotic function of Bad and Bax. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) analyses determined that XT directly interacted with Bad and Bax, and deletion of XT completely eliminated the mitochondrial localization and homo-oligomerization of Bcl-xL. Fluorescence images of living cells co-expressing CFP-XT and YFP-Bax revealed that XT significantly prevented mitochondrial Bax oligomerization, resulting in cytosolic Bax distribution. Collectively, XT is necessary for the mitochondrial localization and anti-apoptotic capacity of Bcl-xL, and XT, similarly to the full-length Bcl-xL, forms homo-oligomers on mitochondria to directly interact with Bad and Bax to inhibit their apoptotic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wu
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China
| | - Xuecheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China
| | - Zihao Mai
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 5610632, China.
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China; SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., South China Normal University, Qingyuan, 511517, China.
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9
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Membrane Interactions of Apoptotic Inhibitor Bcl-xL: What Can Be Learned using Fluorescence Spectroscopy. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 3:100076. [PMID: 37082264 PMCID: PMC10074936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane-a point of no return in apoptotic regulation-is tightly controlled by proteins of the Bcl-2 family. Apoptotic inhibitor Bcl-xL is an important member of this family, responsible for blocking the permeabilization, and is also a promising target for anti-cancer drugs. Bcl-xL exists in the following conformations, each believed to play a role in the inhibition of apoptosis: (i) a soluble folded conformation, (ii) a membrane-anchored (by its C-terminal α8 helix) form, which retains the same fold as in solution and (iii) refolded membrane-inserted conformations, for which no structural data are available. In this review, we present the summary of the application of various methods of fluorescence spectroscopy for studying membrane interaction of Bcl-xL, and specifically the formation of the refolded inserted conformation. We discuss the application of environment-sensitive probes, Förster resonance energy transfer, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and fluorescent quenching for structural, thermodynamic, and functional characterization of protein-lipid interactions, which can benefit studies of other members of Bcl-2 (e.g., Bax, BAK, Bid). The conformational switching between various conformations of Bcl-xL depends on the presence of divalent cations, pH and lipid composition. This insertion-refolding transition also results in the release of the BH4 regulatory domain from the folded structure of Bcl-xL, which is relevant to the lipid-regulated conversion between canonical and non-canonical modes of apoptotic inhibition.
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10
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Wu G, Li X, Zhan Y, Fan X, Xu L, Chen T, Wang X. BID- and BAX-mediated mitochondrial pathway dominates A-1331852-induced apoptosis in senescent A549 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 627:160-167. [PMID: 36041325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recovered senescent tumor cells harbor higher migration and invasion potential, owing to which they play a crucial role in tumor recurrence and drug resistance. The aim of this study was to explore the ability of BH3 mimetics in clearing senescent A549 cells and elucidate their underlying killing mechanism. Doxorubicin-induced cell senescence was determined using augmented senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining and increased P16 expression. CCK-8 and crystal violet staining demonstrated that A-1331852, BH3 mimetic, could kill senescent tumor cells without affecting the proliferating cells. A-1331852 induced caspase-dependent senescent cell death accompanied by nuclear concentration, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Most importantly, A-1331852 upregulated the expression of BID and BAX indicating their role in mediating A-1331852-induced apoptosis in senescent A549 cells. The results of fluorescence resonance energy transfer showed that A-1331852 loosened or even released the binding between BCL-xL and tBID, releasing tBID. In addition, A-1331852 also dissociated the binding between BCL-xL and BAX, eventually leading to BAX oligomerization in the mitochondria, and resulting in apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. In conclusion, our data demonstrate for the first time that A-1331852 promotes apoptosis of senescent A549 cells by influencing the interaction between BCL-xL and tBID and that between BCL-xL and BAX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihao Wu
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yongtong Zhan
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xuhong Fan
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lingjun Xu
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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11
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Wu G, Zhang C, Xu L, Chen H, Fan X, Sun B, Tang Q, Zhan Y, Chen T, Wang X. BAK plays a key role in A-1331852-induced apoptosis in senescent chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 609:93-99. [PMID: 35421634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis occurs when the number of senescent chondrocytes in the joints reaches an intolerable level. The purpose of our study was to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of A-1331852 in osteoarthritis. Doxorubicin and etoposide were used to induce cell senescence as determined by the cessation of cell proliferation, augmented senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining, and increased p53 expression levels. The CCK-8 cytotoxicity assay and SA-β-Gal staining demonstrated that Bcl-xL inhibitors could selectively remove senescent chondrocytes without damaging healthy chondrocytes. A-1331852 induced caspase-dependent death of senescent chondrocytes with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, nuclear concentration, plasma membrane rupture, and PARP cleavage. Most importantly, A-1331852 upregulated BAK expression levels, indicating that BAK plays a key role in the A-1331852-induced apoptosis of senescent chondrocytes. Live-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer showed that A-1331852 detached the binding of Bcl-xL to BAK and promoted the oligomerization of BAK on the mitochondrial membrane. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that A-1331852 selectively promotes apoptosis in senescent chondrocytes by interfering with the interaction between Bcl-xL and BAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihao Wu
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Cifeng Zhang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lingjun Xu
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hongce Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xuhong Fan
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Beini Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qiling Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yongtong Zhan
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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12
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Chen H, Sun B, Sun H, Xu L, Wu G, Tu Z, Cheng X, Fan X, Mai Z, Tang Q, Wang X, Chen T. Bak instead of Bax plays a key role in metformin-induced apoptosis s in HCT116 cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:363. [PMID: 34811352 PMCID: PMC8608863 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metformin (Met) exhibits anticancer ability in various cancer cell lines. This report aims to explore the exact molecular mechanism of Met-induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells, a human colorectal cancer cell line. Met-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase and ROS-dependent cell death accompanied by plasma membrane blistering, mitochondrial swelling, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and release of cytochrome c. Western blotting analysis showed that Met upregulated Bak expression but downregulated Bax expression. Most importantly, silencing Bak instead of Bax inhibited Met-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating the key role of Bak in Met-induced apoptosis. Live-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis showed that Met unlocked the binding of Mcl-1 to Bak, and enhanced the binding of Bim to Bak and subsequent Bak homo-oligomerization. Western blotting analysis showed that Met enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and Bim expression, and compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK, inhibited Met-induced Bim upregulation. Although Met increased the expression of Bcl-xL, overexpression of Bcl-xL did not prevent Met-induced apoptosis. In summary, our data demonstrate for the first time that Met promotes ROS-dependent apoptosis by regulating the Mcl-1-Bim-Bak axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongce Chen
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Beini Sun
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Sun
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingjun Xu
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihao Wu
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Tu
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuecheng Cheng
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhong Fan
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Mai
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiling Tang
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China. .,SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., South China Normal University, 511500, Qingyuan, China.
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13
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Lin Y, Wang H, Xu J, Huang Y, Gong W, Wang Q, Huang Z, Xie S, Lin J. High spatio-temporal resolution measurement of A 1 R and A 2A R interactions combined with Iem-spFRET and E-FRET methods. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202100172. [PMID: 34328277 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A1 R-A2A R heterodimers regulate striatal glutamatergic neurotransmission. However, few researches about kinetics have been reported. Here, we combined Iem-spFRET and E-FRET to investigate the kinetics of A1 R and A2A R interaction. Iem-spFRET obtains the energy transfer efficiency of the whole cell. E-FRET gets energy transfer efficiency with high spatial resolution, whereas, it was prone to biases because background was easily selected due to manual operation. To study the interaction with high spatio-temporal resolution, Iem-spFRET was used to correct the deviation of E-FRET. In this paper, A1 R and A2A R interaction was monitored, and the changes of FRET efficiency of the whole or/and partial cell membrane were described. The results showed that activation of A1 R or A2A R leads to rapid aggregation, inhibition of A1 R or A2A R leads to slow segregation, and the interaction is reversible. These results demonstrated that combination of Iem-spFRET and E-FRET could measure A1 R and A2A R interaction with high spatio-temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianshu Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiming Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zufang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shusen Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Juqiang Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- School of Opto-electronic and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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14
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Liu Z, Luo Z, Chen H, Yin A, Sun H, Zhuang Z, Chen T. Optical section structured illumination-based Förster resonance energy transfer imaging. Cytometry A 2021; 101:264-272. [PMID: 34490985 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy is an important tool suitable for studying molecular interactions in living cells. Optical section structured illumination microscopy (OS-SIM), like confocal microscopy, has about 200 nm spatial resolution. In this report, we performed quantitative 3-cube FRET imaging in OS-SIM mode and widefield microscopy (WF) mode, respectively, for living cells expressing FRET constructs consisting of Cerulean (C, donor) and Venus (V, acceptor). OS-SIM images exhibited higher resolution than WF images. Four spectral crosstalk coefficients measured under OS-SIM mode are consistent with those measured under WF mode. Similarly, the system calibration factors G and k measured under OS-SIM mode were consistent with those measured under WF mode. The measured FRET efficiency (E) values of C32V and C17V as well as C5V constructs, standard FRET plasmids, in living Hela cells were E C 32 V OSF = 0.32 ± 0.02 , E C 17 V OSF = 0.38 ± 0.02 , and E C 5 V OSF = 0.45 ± 0.03 , and the measured acceptor-to-donor concentration ratios ( R c ) were R C 32 V OSF = 1.07 ± 0.03 , R C 17 V OSF = 1.09 ± 0.03 , and R C 5 V OSF = 1.02 ± 0.04 , consistent with the reported values. Collectively, our data demonstrates that OS-SIM can be integrated into FRET microscopy to build an OS-SIM-FRET with confocal microscopy-like resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zewei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongce Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengfei Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., South China Normal University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., South China Normal University, Qingyuan, China
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15
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Rose M, Kurylowicz M, Mahmood M, Winkel S, Moran-Mirabal JM, Fradin C. Direct Measurement of the Affinity between tBid and Bax in a Mitochondria-Like Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8240. [PMID: 34361006 PMCID: PMC8348223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The execution step in apoptosis is the permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane, controlled by Bcl-2 family proteins. The physical interactions between the different proteins in this family and their relative abundance literally determine the fate of the cells. These interactions, however, are difficult to quantify, as they occur in a lipid membrane and involve proteins with multiple conformations and stoichiometries which can exist both in soluble and membrane. Here we focus on the interaction between two core Bcl-2 family members, the executor pore-forming protein Bax and the truncated form of the activator protein Bid (tBid), which we imaged at the single particle level in a mitochondria-like planar supported lipid bilayer. We inferred the conformation of the proteins from their mobility, and detected their transient interactions using a novel single particle cross-correlation analysis. We show that both tBid and Bax have at least two different conformations at the membrane, and that their affinity for one another increases by one order of magnitude (with a 2D-KD decreasing from ≃1.6μm-2 to ≃0.1μm-2) when they pass from their loosely membrane-associated to their transmembrane form. We conclude by proposing an updated molecular model for the activation of Bax by tBid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rose
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada; (M.R.); (M.K.); (M.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Martin Kurylowicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada; (M.R.); (M.K.); (M.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Mohammad Mahmood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada; (M.R.); (M.K.); (M.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Sheldon Winkel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada; (M.R.); (M.K.); (M.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Jose M. Moran-Mirabal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada;
| | - Cécile Fradin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada; (M.R.); (M.K.); (M.M.); (S.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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16
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Wu G, Tu Z, Yang F, Mai Z, Chen H, Tang Q, Ye X, Wang K, Wang X, Chen T. Evaluating the inhibitory priority of Bcl-xL to Bad, tBid and Bax by using live-cell imaging assay. Cytometry A 2021; 99:1091-1101. [PMID: 33843148 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular regulatory network among the B cell leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins is a research hotspot on apoptosis. The inhibitory priority of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins (such as Bcl-xL) to pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins (such as Bad, tBid and Bax) determines the outcome of their interactions. Based on over-expression model system, we here evaluate the inhibitory priority of Bcl-xL to Bad, tBid and Bax by using live-cell imaging assay on cell viability. Fluorescence images of living cells co-expressing CFP-Bcl-xL and YFP-Bad or YFP-tBid or YFP-Bax showed that Bcl-xL markedly inhibited Bad/tBid/Bax-mediated apoptosis, revealing that Bcl-xL inhibits the proapoptotic function of Bad, tBid and Bax. In the case of equimolar co-expression of Bad and CFP-Bcl-xL, the inhibition of Bcl-xL on tBid/Bax mediate-apoptosis was completely relieved. Moreover, co-expression of tBid-P2A-CFP-Bcl-xL significantly relieved the inhibition of Bcl-xL on the pro-apoptotic ability Bax, suggesting that Bcl-xL preferentially inhibits the pro-apoptotic ability of Bad over tBid, subsequently to Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wu
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuang Tu
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihao Mai
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongce Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianxin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co. Ltd., South China Normal University, Qingyuan, China
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17
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Du M, Yu S, Su W, Zhao M, Yang F, Liu Y, Mai Z, Wang Y, Wang X, Chen T. Mitofusin 2 but not mitofusin 1 mediates Bcl-XL-induced mitochondrial aggregation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs245001. [PMID: 32958707 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.245001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins, as central players of the apoptotic program, participate in regulation of the mitochondrial network. Here, a quantitative live-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) two-hybrid assay was used to confirm the homo-/hetero-oligomerization of mitofusins 2 and 1 (MFN2 and MFN1), and also demonstrate the binding of MFN2 to MFN1 with 1:1 stoichiometry. A FRET two-hybrid assay for living cells co-expressing CFP-labeled Bcl-XL (an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein encoded by BCL2L1) and YFP-labeled MFN2 or MFN1 demonstrated the binding of MFN2 or MFN1 to Bcl-XL with 1:1 stoichiometry. Neither MFN2 nor MFN1 bound with monomeric Bax in healthy cells, but both MFN2 and MFN1 bind to punctate Bax (pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein) during apoptosis. Oligomerized Bak (also known as BAK1; a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein) only associated with MFN1 but not MFN2. Moreover, co-expression of Bcl-XL with MFN2 or MFN1 had the same anti-apoptotic effect as the expression of Bcl-XL alone to staurosporine-induced apoptosis, indicating the Bcl-XL has its full anti-apoptotic ability when complexed with MFN2 or MFN1. However, knockdown of MFN2 but not MFN1 reduced mitochondrial aggregation induced by overexpression of Bcl-XL, indicating that MFN2 but not MFN1 mediates Bcl-XL-induced mitochondrial aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Du
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Si Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wenhua Su
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mengxin Zhao
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yangpei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zihao Mai
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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18
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Yu S, Du M, Yin A, Mai Z, Wang Y, Zhao M, Wang X, Chen T. Bcl-xL inhibits PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy by preventing mitochondrial Parkin accumulation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 122:105720. [PMID: 32088314 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This report aims to explore how Bcl-xL, a Bcl-2 family protein, regulates PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Compared with the Hela cells expressing Parkin alone, co-expression of Bcl-xL significantly inhibited CCCP (Carbonyl cyanide 3- chlorophenylhydrazone)-induced mitochondrial Parkin accumulation and mitophagy. Western blotting analysis illustrated that over-expressed Bcl-xL inhibited CCCP-induced decrease of mitochondrial proteins in Parkin over-expressed cells. Fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) analyses demonstrated that Bcl-xL inhibited the CCCP-induced translocation of Parkin into mitochondria not by retrotranslocating Parkin from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging revealed in Hela cells that Bcl-xL physically bound with Parkin to form oligomer in cytoplasm, and that Bcl-xL also directly interacted with PINK1 on mitochondria. analysis for HEK293 T cells verified that endogenous Bcl-xL interacted with both endogenous Parkin and PINK1. Collectively, Bcl-xL inhibits PINK1/Parkin- dependent mitophagy by preventing the accumulation of Parkin on mitochondria via two regulation ways: directly binds to Parkin in cytoplasm to prevent the translocation of Parkin from cytoplasm to mitochondria and directly binds to PINK1 on mitochondria to inhibit the Parkin from cytoplasm to mitochondria by PINK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mengyan Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ao Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zihao Mai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mengxin Zhao
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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