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Lulli M, Trabocchi A, Roviello G, Catalano M, Papucci L, Parenti A, Molli A, Napoli C, Landini I, Schiavone N, Lapucci A. Targeting z-Crystallin by aspirin restores the sensitivity to cisplatin in resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1377028. [PMID: 39021835 PMCID: PMC11252033 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1377028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynaecologic malignancies worldwide. Platinum based chemotherapy is the mainstay treatment for ovarian cancer; however, frequent recurrence and chemoresistance onset in patients with advanced diseases remain a therapeutic challenge. Although mechanisms underlying the development of chemoresistance are still ambiguous, the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family is closely associated with chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. We previously disclosed that Zeta-Crystallin (CryZ) is a post-transcriptional regulator of Bcl-2 gene expression, by binding to Bcl-2 mRNA and increasing its half-life. Here, we investigated the role of CryZ as a novel therapeutic target in A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells by modulating the protein activity with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) to restore chemosensitivity. Molecular docking and fragment-mapping based approach revealed potential interaction of ASA within CryZ protein. Inhibition of CryZ binding activity to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl mRNA targets by ASA was demonstrated in A375 cells. Cytotoxicity assays were conducted in A2780S and A2780R ovarian cancer cells to evaluate if CryZ binding activity inhibition and CryZ silencing were able to reverse cisplatin resistance. ASA-treatment determined a downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl mRNA levels in A2780S and A2780R cells. ASA-treatment or CryZ silencing were able to increase and restore the chemosensitivity in both sensitive and resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cells, respectively. In this research article we demonstrated that the pharmacological or genetic inhibition of CryZ restores the sensitivity to cisplatin in a model of sensitive or resistant ovarian cancer cells. These findings suggest a new gene-targeted chemotherapeutic approach to restore the cytotoxicity in drug-resistant ovarian cancers and increase the sensitivity in non-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Catalano
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Astrid Parenti
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Molli
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Napoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ida Landini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Schiavone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lapucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Soghli N, Yousefi H, Naderi T, Fallah A, Moshksar A, Darbeheshti F, Vittori C, Delavar MR, Zare A, Rad HS, Kazemi A, Bitaraf A, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Jamali E. NRF2 signaling pathway: A comprehensive prognostic and gene expression profile analysis in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154341. [PMID: 36739754 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in women and a major public health concern. NRF2 axis is a cellular protector signaling pathway protecting both normal and cancer cells from oxidative damage. NRF2 is a transcription factor that binds to the gene promoters containing antioxidant response element-like sequences. In this report, differential expression of NRF2 signaling pathway elements, as well as the correlation of NRF2 pathway mRNAs with various clinicopathologic characteristics, including molecular subtypes, tumor grade, tumor stage, and methylation status, has been investigated in breast cancer using METABRIC and TCGA datasets. In the current report, our findings revealed the deregulation of several NRF2 signaling elements in breast cancer patients. Moreover, there were negative correlations between the methylation of NRF2 genes and mRNA expression. The expression of NRF2 genes significantly varied between different breast cancer subtypes. In conclusion, substantial deregulation of NRF2 signaling components suggests an important role of these genes in breast cancer. Because of the clear associations between mRNA expression and methylation status, DNA methylation could be one of the mechanisms that regulate the NRF2 pathway in breast cancer. Differential expression of Hippo genes among various breast cancer molecular subtypes suggests that NRF2 signaling may function differently in different subtypes of breast cancer. Our data also highlights an interesting link between NRF2 components' transcription and tumor grade/stage in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Soghli
- Babol University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, New Orleans, LA, USA; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tohid Naderi
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysan Fallah
- Department of hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Moshksar
- University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Interventional Radiology, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Farzaneh Darbeheshti
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cecilia Vittori
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mahsa Rostamian Delavar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Zare
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Sadeghi Rad
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Abtin Kazemi
- Fasa University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Fasa, Iran
| | - Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Elena Jamali
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Feng L, Ding G, Zhou Y, Zhu H, Jiang H. Downregulation of Crystallin Lambda 1 is a New Independent Prognostic Marker in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:857-866. [PMID: 36246497 PMCID: PMC9563328 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s382564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most prevalent kidney cancer subtype, has a high mortality rate. Crystallin lambda 1 (CRYL1) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of L-gulonate into dehydro-L-gulonate in uronate cycle. CRYL1 dysregulation has been linked to the progression of several cancers. This research aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of CRYL1 expression in ccRCC prognosis. Methods Clinical data and gene expression profiles on ccRCC were retrieved from the University of California Santa Cruz Xena platform. Differences (variations) in the expression profiles of CRYL1 in ccRCC and healthy tissues were found using RNA-sequencing data, and these findings were validated using qPCR with real-world samples. CRYL1 expression levels were also linked to clinicopathological characteristics, survival, and immune microenvironments. The potential pathway via which CRYL1 expression levels impact the prognosis of patients with ccRCC was investigated using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results In ccRCC tissues, CRYL1 expression levels were lower compared to healthy renal tissues in TCGA cohort (n = 535, P < 0.001), which was validated in another real-world cohort (n = 14, P < 0.001). Lower CRYL1 expression levels were linked to unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics and prognoses (P < 0.001). According to multivariate Cox regression analysis (P < 0.001), CRYL1 expression levels in patients with ccRCC could serve as an independent prognostic indicator. Furthermore, a strong link between CRYL1 expression levels and immune microenvironment was observed (P < 0.001). Finally, GSEA revealed that CRYL1 expression levels (P < 0.001) were associated with fatty acid metabolism, G2M checkpoint delays, and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in ccRCC. Conclusion Our study found that lower levels of CRYL1 expression were linked to unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics and worse prognoses, and CRYL1 could serve as a new target for the treatment of ccRCC, which is useful for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingsong Feng
- Department of Urology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Urology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyuan Zhu
- Department of Urology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiming Jiang
- Department of Urology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Huiming Jiang, Tel +86-13560990839, Email
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Yang C, Huang Z, Zhang X, Zhu C. Structural Insights into the NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase from Phytophthora capsici. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:25705-25714. [PMID: 35910145 PMCID: PMC9330140 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soluble quinone oxidoreductases catalyze transfer of electrons from NADPH to quinones. Transfer of electrons is essential for detoxification of synthetic compounds. Here, we present the crystal structure of a NADPH-dependent QOR from Phytophthora capsici (Pc) complexed with NADPH at 2.4 Å resolution. The enzyme exhibits a bi-modular architecture, containing a NADPH-binding groove and a substrate-binding pocket in each subunit. In the crystal, each asymmetric unit of PcQOR contains two molecules stabilized by intermolecular interactions. Gel filtration and ultracentrifugation analyses reveal that it functions as a tetramer in solution. Alignment of homologous structures exhibits a conserved topology. However, the active sites vary among the homologues, indicating differences in substrate specificities. Enzymatic assays indicate that PcQOR tends to catalyze the large substrates, like 9,10-phenanthrenequinone. Computational simulation associated with site-directed mutagenesis and enzymatic activity analysis declares a potential quinone-binding channel. The ability to reduce quinones probably helps P. capsici to detoxify some harmful chemicals encountered during invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Yang
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect
Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong
Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zhenling Huang
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect
Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong
Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiuguo Zhang
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect
Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong
Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Chunyuan Zhu
- College
of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural
University, Taian 271018, China
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5
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Sahoo DK, Borcherding DC, Chandra L, Jergens AE, Atherly T, Bourgois-Mochel A, Ellinwood NM, Snella E, Severin AJ, Martin M, Allenspach K, Mochel JP. Differential Transcriptomic Profiles Following Stimulation with Lipopolysaccharide in Intestinal Organoids from Dogs with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Intestinal Mast Cell Tumor. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3525. [PMID: 35884586 PMCID: PMC9322748 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is associated with chronic intestinal inflammation and promotes intestinal cancer progression in the gut. While the interplay between LPS and intestinal immune cells has been well-characterized, little is known about LPS and the intestinal epithelium interactions. In this study, we explored the differential effects of LPS on proliferation and the transcriptome in 3D enteroids/colonoids obtained from dogs with naturally occurring gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal mast cell tumor. The study objective was to analyze the LPS-induced modulation of signaling pathways involving the intestinal epithelia and contributing to colorectal cancer development in the context of an inflammatory (IBD) or a tumor microenvironment. While LPS incubation resulted in a pro-cancer gene expression pattern and stimulated proliferation of IBD enteroids and colonoids, downregulation of several cancer-associated genes such as Gpatch4, SLC7A1, ATP13A2, and TEX45 was also observed in tumor enteroids. Genes participating in porphyrin metabolism (CP), nucleocytoplasmic transport (EEF1A1), arachidonic acid, and glutathione metabolism (GPX1) exhibited a similar pattern of altered expression between IBD enteroids and IBD colonoids following LPS stimulation. In contrast, genes involved in anion transport, transcription and translation, apoptotic processes, and regulation of adaptive immune responses showed the opposite expression patterns between IBD enteroids and colonoids following LPS treatment. In brief, the crosstalk between LPS/TLR4 signal transduction pathway and several metabolic pathways such as primary bile acid biosynthesis and secretion, peroxisome, renin-angiotensin system, glutathione metabolism, and arachidonic acid pathways may be important in driving chronic intestinal inflammation and intestinal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
- SMART Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Dana C. Borcherding
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - Lawrance Chandra
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - Todd Atherly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - Agnes Bourgois-Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - N. Matthew Ellinwood
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (N.M.E.); (E.S.)
| | - Elizabeth Snella
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (N.M.E.); (E.S.)
| | - Andrew J. Severin
- Office of Biotechnology’s Genome Informatics Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | | | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- SMART Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Xu X, Li H, Wei Q, Li X, Shen Y, Guo G, Chen Y, He K, Liu C. Novel Targets in a High-Altitude Pulmonary Hypertension Rat Model Based on RNA-seq and Proteomics. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:742436. [PMID: 34805208 PMCID: PMC8595261 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.742436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) is a complication arising from an inability to acclimatize to high altitude and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to analyze the effects of macitentan, selexipag, riociguat, and reoxygenation on HAPH, and to screen possible targets of these treatments for future drug screening. Rats were subjected to hypobaric hypoxia for 35 days to induce HAPH, and treated with vehicle or selexipag, macitentan, riociguat, or with reoxygenation, from days 21 to 35. Selexipag, macitentan, and reoxygenation prevented an increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure and hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy, compared to the vehicle. Riociguat had little effect. RNA-seq and proteomics revealed strong correlations between responses to the three drugs, which had almost identical effects. GO-enrichment revealed that the differentially expressed genes included those involved in metabolic regulation, transcription, and translation. Various molecular pathways were annotated. Selexipag, macitentan, and reoxygenation ameliorated HAPH. Serpina1, Cryz, and Cmc1 were identified, via multi-omics screening, as key genes involved in HAPH. These findings provide new insights into the targeted drug mechanisms in HAPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xu
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlu Li
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxia Wei
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanying Shen
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Guo
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun He
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Li M, Liu S, Huang W, Zhang J. Physiological and pathological functions of βB2-crystallins in multiple organs: a systematic review. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15674-15687. [PMID: 34118792 PMCID: PMC8221336 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Crystallins, the major constituent proteins of mammalian lenses, are significant not only for the maintenance of eye lens stability, transparency, and refraction, but also fulfill various physiopathological functions in extraocular tissues. βB2-crystallin, for example, is a multifunctional protein expressed in the human retina, brain, testis, ovary, and multiple tumors. Mutations in the βB2 crystallin gene or denaturation of βB2-crystallin protein are associated with cataracts, ocular pathologies, and psychiatric disorders. A prominent role for βB2-crystallins in axonal growth and regeneration, as well as in dendritic outgrowth, has been demonstrated after optic nerve injury. Studies in βB2-crystallin-null mice revealed morphological and functional abnormalities in testis and ovaries, indicating βB2-crystallin contributes to male and female fertility in mice. Interestingly, although pathogenic significance remains obscure, several studies identified a clear correlation between βB2 crystallin expression and the prognosis of patients with breast cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and glioblastoma in the African American population. This review summarizes the physiological and pathological functions of βB2-crystallin in the eye and other organs and tissues and discusses findings related to the expression and potential role of βB2-crystallin in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Yangpu, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Yangpu, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Yangpu, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Yangpu, Shanghai 200433, China
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Abstract
Drug metabolizing enzymes catalyze the biotransformation of many of drugs and chemicals. The drug metabolizing enzymes are distributed among several evolutionary families and catalyze a range of detoxication reactions, including oxidation/reduction, conjugative, and hydrolytic reactions that serve to detoxify potentially toxic compounds. This detoxication function requires that drug metabolizing enzymes exhibit substrate promiscuity. In addition to their catalytic functions, many drug metabolizing enzymes possess functions unrelated to or in addition to catalysis. Such proteins are termed 'moonlighting proteins' and are defined as proteins with multiple biochemical or biophysical functions that reside in a single protein. This review discusses the diverse moonlighting functions of drug metabolizing enzymes and the roles they play in physiological functions relating to reproduction, vision, cell signaling, cancer, and transport. Further research will likely reveal new examples of moonlighting functions of drug metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip G Board
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - M W Anders
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Activation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) induces crystallin zeta expression in mouse medullary collecting duct cells. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1631-1641. [PMID: 32914211 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Crystallin zeta (CRYZ) is a phylogenetically restricted water-soluble protein and provides cytoprotection against oxidative stress via multiple mechanisms. Increasing evidence suggests that CRYZ is high abundantly expressed in the kidney where it acts as a transacting factor in increasing glutaminolysis and the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter (BSC1/NKCC2) expression to help maintain acid-base balance and medullary hyperosmotic gradient. However, the mechanism by which CRYZ is regulated in the kidney remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that CRYZ is a direct target of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor important for renal physiology. We found that CRYZ was ubiquitously expressed in mouse kidney and constitutively expressed in the cytoplasm of medullary collecting duct cells (MCDs). In primary cultured mouse MCDs, CRYZ expression was significantly upregulated by the activation and overexpression of FXR. FXR-induced CRYZ expression was almost completely abolished in the MCD cells with siRNA-mediated FXR knockdown. Consistently, treatment with FXR agonists failed to induce CRYZ expression in the MCDs isolated from mice with global and collecting duct-specific FXR deficiency. We identified a putative FXR response element (FXRE) on the CRYZ gene promoter. The luciferase reporter and ChIP assays revealed that FXR can bind directly to the FXRE site, which was further markedly enhanced by FXR activation. Furthermore, we found CRYZ overexpression in MCDs significantly attenuated hypertonicity-induced cell death possibly via increasing Bcl-2 expression. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CRYZ is constitutively expressed in renal medullary collecting duct cells, where it is transcriptionally controlled by FXR. Given a critical role of FXR in MCDs, CRYZ may be responsible for protective effect of FXR on the survival of MCDs under hypertonic condition during dehydration.
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