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Schimanski J, Gresnigt MS, Brunner E, Werz O, Hube B, Garscha U. Hyphal-associated protein expression is crucial for Candida albicans-induced eicosanoid biosynthesis in immune cells. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350743. [PMID: 38233139 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Candida albicans causes opportunistic infections ranging from mucosal mycoses to life-threatening systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. During C. albicans infection, leukotrienes and prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and cyclooxygenases, respectively to amplify inflammatory conditions, but also to initiate macrophage infiltration to achieve tissue homeostasis. Since less is known about the cellular mechanisms triggering such lipid mediator biosynthesis, we investigated the eicosanoid formation in monocyte-derived M1 and M2 macrophages, neutrophils and HEK293 cells transfected with 5-LOX and 5-LOX-activating protein (FLAP) in response to C. albicans yeast or hyphae. Leukotriene biosynthesis was exclusively induced by hyphae in neutrophils and macrophages, whereas prostaglandin E2 was also formed in response to yeast cells by M1 macrophages. Eicosanoid biosynthesis was significantly higher in M1 compared to M2 macrophages. In HEK_5-LOX/FLAP cells only hyphae activated the essential 5-LOX translocation to the nuclear membrane. Using yeast-locked C. albicans mutants, we demonstrated that hyphal-associated protein expression is critical in eicosanoid formation. For neutrophils and HEK_5-LOX/FLAP cells, hyphal wall protein 1 was identified as the essential surface protein that stimulates leukotriene biosynthesis. In summary, our data suggest that hyphal-associated proteins of C. albicans are central triggers of eicosanoid biosynthesis in human phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schimanski
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Elena Brunner
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
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Jordan PM, Günther K, Nischang V, Ning Y, Deinhardt-Emmer S, Ehrhardt C, Werz O. Influenza A virus selectively elevates prostaglandin E 2 formation in pro-resolving macrophages. iScience 2024; 27:108775. [PMID: 38261967 PMCID: PMC10797193 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory influenza A virus (IAV) infections are major health concerns worldwide, where bacterial superinfections substantially increase morbidity and mortality. The underlying mechanisms of how IAV impairs host defense remain elusive. Macrophages are pivotal for the innate immune response and crucially regulate the entire inflammatory process, occurring as inflammatory M1- or pro-resolving M2-like phenotypes. Lipid mediators (LM), produced from polyunsaturated fatty acids by macrophages, are potent immune regulators and impact all stages of inflammation. Using LM metabololipidomics, we show that human pro-resolving M2-macrophages respond to IAV infections with specific and robust production of prostaglandin (PG)E2 along with upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which persists after co-infection with Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, cytokine/interferon production in macrophages was essentially unaffected by IAV infection, and the functionality of M1-macrophages was not influenced. Conclusively, IAV infection of M2-macrophages selectively elevates PGE2 formation, suggesting inhibition of the COX-2/PGE2 axis as strategy to limit IAV exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Günther
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Vivien Nischang
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Christina Ehrhardt
- Section of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knoell-Str. 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Nischang V, Witt FM, Börner F, Gomez M, Jordan PM, Werz O. Frankincense preparation promotes formation of inflammation-resolving lipid mediators by manipulating lipoxygenases in human innate immune cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1332628. [PMID: 38239198 PMCID: PMC10794731 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1332628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Frankincense preparations are frequently used as traditional anti-inflammatory remedies in folk medicine with increasing popularity. Boswellic acids (BAs), especially 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-βBA (AKBA), are unique anti-inflammatory principles of frankincense, with multiple pharmacological actions and target proteins. We recently showed that AKBA favorably impacts lipid mediator (LM) networks in innate immune cells, by modulation of lipoxygenase (LOX) activities. Thus, AKBA binds to allosteric sites in 5-LOX, shifting the regiospecificity to a 12/15-lipoxygnating enzyme, and to an analogous site in 15-LOX-1, leading to enzyme activation, which favors specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) formation at the expense of leukotriene production. Methods: Here, we investigated Boswellin super® (BSR), a commercially available frankincense extract with ≥30% AKBA, used as remedy that approved efficacy in osteoarthritis trials, for its ability to modulate LM pathways in human monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) phenotypes, neutrophils, and neutrophil/platelet co-incubations. LM profiling was performed by using targeted ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS). Results: BSR concentration-dependently (10-100 μg/ml) suppressed formation of pro-inflammatory 5-LOX products including LTB4 in exotoxin-stimulated M1-MDM and neutrophils, and strongly elevated 12/15-LOX products and SPM in activated M2-MDM and neutrophil/platelet cocultures, starting at 10 μg/mL. Also, BSR (≥10 μg/mL) induced robust 12/15-LOX product and SPM generation in resting M2-MDM, which was further markedly elevated when exogenous docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosahexaenoic acid (EPA) were supplied, and induced translocation of 15-LOX from a soluble to a particulate locale in M2 MDM. Discussion: We conclude that BSR especially when co-added with DHA and EPA, promotes the LM class switch in innate immune cells from pro-inflammatory to pro-resolving mediators, which might be a plausible mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of BSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Nischang
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Finja M. Witt
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Friedemann Börner
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Paul M. Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Schoenthaler M, Waltl L, Hasenoehrl T, Seher D, Lutz A, Aulinger L, Temml V, König S, Siller A, Braun DE, Garscha U, Werz O, Schuster D, Schennach H, Koeberle A, Matuszczak B. Novel thiazolopyridine derivatives of diflapolin as dual sEH/FLAP inhibitors with improved solubility. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106685. [PMID: 37418786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are orchestrated by a plethora of lipid mediators, and perturbations of their biosynthesis or degradation hinder resolution and lead to uncontrolled inflammation, which contributes to diverse pathologies. Small molecules that induce a switch from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory lipid mediators are considered valuable for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are afflicted with side effects caused by the inhibition of beneficial prostanoid formation and redirection of arachidonic acid (AA) into alternative pathways. Multi-target inhibitors like diflapolin, the first dual inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP), promise improved efficacy and safety but are confronted by poor solubility and bioavailability. Four series of derivatives bearing isomeric thiazolopyridines as bioisosteric replacement of the benzothiazole core and two series additionally containing mono- or diaza-isosteres of the phenylene spacer were designed and synthesized to improve solubility. The combination of thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine, a pyridinylen spacer and a 3,5-Cl2-substituted terminal phenyl ring (46a) enhances solubility and FLAP antagonism, while preserving sEH inhibition. Moreover, the thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine derivative 41b, although being a less potent sEH/FLAP inhibitor, additionally decreases thromboxane production in activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We conclude that the introduction of nitrogen, depending on the position, not only enhances solubility and FLAP antagonism (46a), but also represents a valid strategy to expand the scope of application towards inhibition of thromboxane biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schoenthaler
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lorenz Waltl
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Mitterweg 24, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Hasenoehrl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Seher
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Lutz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Mitterweg 24, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lucia Aulinger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Mitterweg 24, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefanie König
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anita Siller
- Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Elfriede Braun
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Josef-Moeller-Haus, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Harald Schennach
- Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Mitterweg 24, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Barbara Matuszczak
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Schmidt L, Burmeister LS, Greinacher A, König S, Garscha U. Development of SFC-MS Method for Quantification of Eicosanoids Biosynthesized in Primary Human Blood Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121198. [PMID: 36557236 PMCID: PMC9782761 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are lipid mediators generated from arachidonic acid with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite these lipid mediators being known for decades, quantitative determination in biological samples is still challenging due to low abundance, instability, the existence of regio- and stereoisomers, and a wide polarity range that hampers chromatographic separation. In this study, we developed a supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) platform for the quantification of relevant eicosanoids. Application of a chiral amylose-based column and modifier combination of 2-propanol/acetonitrile offered separation and sufficient resolution of 11 eicosanoids (5-, 12-, 15-HETE, PGB1, LTB4, t-LTB4, 20-OH-LTB4, PGE2, PGD2, PGF2α, TxB2) with baseline separation of isobaric analytes within 12 min. The method was validated in terms of range (78-2500 ng/mL), linearity, accuracy, precision, and recovery according to EMA guidelines. Finally, we confirmed the method's applicability by quantifying eicosanoid levels in human primary blood cells. In conclusion, we present a validated SFC-MS method for the determination of relevant eicosanoids in biological samples with a wide range of polarity while maintaining baseline separation of isobars, which allows coupling to a single quadrupole mass detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Schmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laura Sophie Burmeister
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefanie König
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Wang W, Ning Y, Wang Y, Deng G, Pace S, Barth SA, Menge C, Zhang K, Dai Y, Cai Y, Chen X, Werz O. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Induced Upregulation of the COX-2/mPGES-1 Pathway in Human Macrophages Is Abrogated by Sulfasalazine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849583. [PMID: 35663935 PMCID: PMC9160237 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the primary human host cells of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection, where the magnitude of inflammatory reactions is crucial for determining the outcome of infection. Previously, we showed that the anti-inflammatory drug sulfasalazine (SASP) significantly reduced the M.tb bactericidal burden and histopathological inflammation in mice. Here, we asked which genes in human inflammatory macrophages are affected upon infection with M.tb and how would potential changes impact the functional state of macrophages. We used a flow cytometry sorting system which can distinguish the dead and alive states of M.tb harbored in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). We found that the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1 increased significantly in tagRFP+ MDM which were infected with alive M.tb. After exposure of polarized M1-MDM to M.tb (H37Rv strain)-conditioned medium (MTB-CM) or to the M.tb-derived 19-kD antigen, the production of PGE2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines increased 3- to 4-fold. Upon treatment of M1-MDM with SASP, the MTB-CM-induced expression of COX-2 and the release of COX products and cytokines decreased. Elevation of PGE2 in M1-MDM upon MTB-CM stimulation and modulation by SASP correlated with the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Together, infection of human macrophages by M.tb strongly induces COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression along with massive PGE2 formation which is abrogated by the anti-inflammatory drug SASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yejun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guofang Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Simona Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie A Barth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Menge
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Jena, Germany
| | - Kehong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youchao Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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Liu N, Bai L, Lu Z, Gu R, Zhao D, Yan F, Bai J. TRPV4 contributes to ER stress and inflammation: implications for Parkinson’s disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:26. [PMID: 35093118 PMCID: PMC8800324 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Its molecular mechanism is still unclear, and pharmacological treatments are unsatisfactory. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a nonselective Ca2+ channel. It has recently emerged as a critical risk factor in the pathophysiology of neuronal injuries and cerebral diseases. Our previous study reported that TRPV4 contributed to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the MPP+-induced cell model of PD. In the present study, we detected the role and the mechanism of TRPV4 in 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice. Methods Intracerebral injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) into the substantia nigra (SN) of mice was used to knockdown or upregulate the expression of TRPV4 and intraperitoneal injection of MPTP. Rotarod and pole tests were used to evaluate the locomotor ability of mice. We used immunohistochemistry, Nissl staining and Western blot to detect the alterations in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons, Nissl-positive neurons, the levels of ER stress-associated molecules and proinflammatory cytokines in the SN. Results The SN was transfected with AAV for 3 weeks and expressed the target protein with green fluorescence. Knockdown of TRPV4 via injection of a constructed AAV-TRPV4 shRNAi into the SN alleviated the movement deficits of PD mice. Upregulation of TRPV4 via injection of a constructed AAV-TRPV4 aggravated the above movement disorders. The expression of TRPV4 was upregulated in the SN of MPTP-treated mice. Injection of AAV-TRPV4 shRNAi into the SN rescued the number of TH-positive and Nissl-positive neurons in the SN decreased by MPTP, while injection of AAV-TRPV4 induced the opposite effect. Moreover, MPTP-decreased Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and pro-cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-12 (procaspase-12), MPTP-increased Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), Glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were inhibited by AAV-TRPV4 shRNAi infection, and enhanced by AAV-TRPV4. In the same way, MPTP-decreased procaspase-1, MPTP-increased Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) were inhibited by AAV-TRPV4 shRNAi, or further exacerbated by AAV-TRPV4. Conclusions These results suggest that TRPV4 mediates ER stress and inflammation pathways, contributing to the loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the SN and movement deficits in PD mice. Moreover, this study provides a new perspective on molecular targets and gene therapies for the treatment of PD in the future.
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8
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Golenkina EA, Galkina SI, Pletjushkina O, Chernyak B, Gaponova TV, Romanova YM, Sud'ina GF. Gram-Negative Bacteria Salmonella typhimurium Boost Leukotriene Synthesis Induced by Chemoattractant fMLP to Stimulate Neutrophil Swarming. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:814113. [PMID: 35058789 PMCID: PMC8764451 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.814113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene synthesis in neutrophils is critical for host survival during infection. In particular, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a powerful neutrophil chemoattractant that plays a crucial role in neutrophil swarming. In this work, we demonstrated that preincubation of human neutrophils with Salmonella typhimurium strongly stimulated LTB4 production induced by the bacterial chemoattractant, peptide N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-l-phenylalanine (fMLP), while the reverse sequence of additions was ineffective. Preincubation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide or yeast polysaccharide zymosan particles gives weaker effect on fMLP-induced LTB4 production. Activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), a key enzyme in leukotrienes biosynthesis, depends on rise of cytosolic concentration of Ca2+ and on translocation of the enzyme to the nuclear membrane. Both processes were stimulated by S. typhimurium. With an increase in the bacteria:neutrophil ratio, the transformation of LTB4 to ω-OH-LTB4 was suppressed, which further supported increased concentration of LTB4. These data indicate that in neutrophils gathered around bacterial clusters, LTB4 production is stimulated and at the same time its transformation is suppressed, which promotes neutrophil swarming and elimination of pathogens simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Golenkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana I Galkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Pletjushkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatjana V Gaponova
- National Research Center for Hematology, Russia Federation Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia M Romanova
- Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina F Sud'ina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Jordan PM, Werz O. Specialized pro-resolving mediators: biosynthesis and biological role in bacterial infections. FEBS J 2021; 289:4212-4227. [PMID: 34741578 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation caused by bacterial infections is an essential biological defence mechanism of the host in order to neutralize and clear the invaders and to return to homeostasis. Despite its protective function, inflammation may become persistent and uncontrolled, resulting in chronic diseases and tissue destruction as consequence of the unresolved inflammatory process. Therefore, spatiotemporal induction of endogenous inflammation resolution programs that govern bacterial clearance as well as tissue repair and regeneration, are of major importance in order to enable tissues to restore functions. Lipid mediators that are de-novo biosynthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) mainly by lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases, critically regulate the initiation, the maintenance but also the resolution of infectious inflammation and tissue regeneration. The discovery of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) generated from omega-3 PUFAs stimulated intensive research in inflammation resolution, especially in infectious inflammation elicited by bacteria. SPMs are immunoresolvents that actively terminate inflammation by limiting neutrophil influx, stimulating phagocytosis, bacterial killing and clearance as well as efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils and cellular debris by macrophages. Moreover, SPMs prevent collateral tissue damage, promote tissue repair and regeneration and lower antibiotic requirement. Here, we review the biosynthesis of SPMs in bacterial infections and cover specific mechanisms of SPMs that govern the resolution of bacteria-initiated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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10
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Wang W, You Y, Gunasekaran S. LSPR-based colorimetric biosensing for food quality and safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5829-5855. [PMID: 34601783 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ensuring consistently high quality and safety is paramount to food producers and consumers alike. Wet chemistry and microbiological methods provide accurate results, but those methods are not conducive to rapid, onsite testing needs. Hence, many efforts have focused on rapid testing for food quality and safety, including the development of various biosensors. Herein, we focus on a group of biosensors, which provide visually recognizable colorimetric signals within minutes and can be used onsite. Although there are different ways to achieve visual color-change signals, we restrict our focus on sensors that exploit the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon of metal nanoparticles, primarily gold and silver nanoparticles. The typical approach in the design of LSPR biosensors is to conjugate biorecognition ligands on the surface of metal nanoparticles and allow the ligands to specifically recognize and bind the target analyte. This ligand-target binding reaction leads to a change in color of the test sample and a concomitant shift in the ultraviolet-visual absorption peak. Various designs applying this and other signal generation schemes are reviewed with an emphasis on those applied for evaluating factors that compromise the quality and safety of food and agricultural products. The LSPR-based colorimetric biosensing platform is a promising technology for enhancing food quality and safety. Aided by the advances in nanotechnology, this sensing technique lends itself easily for further development on field-deployable platforms such as smartphones for onsite and end-user applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizheng Wang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Youngsang You
- Department of Food Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sundaram Gunasekaran
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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11
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Fischer J, Gresnigt MS, Werz O, Hube B, Garscha U. Candida albicans-induced leukotriene biosynthesis in neutrophils is restricted to the hyphal morphology. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21820. [PMID: 34569657 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100516rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in circulation playing a key role in acute inflammation during microbial infections. Phagocytosis, one of the crucial defence mechanisms of neutrophils against pathogens, is amplified by chemotactic leukotriene (LT)B4 , which is biosynthesized via 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). However, extensive liberation of LTB4 can be destructive by over-intensifying the inflammatory process. While enzymatic biosynthesis of LTB4 is well characterized, less is known about molecular mechanisms that activate 5-LOX and lead to LTB4 formation during host-pathogen interactions. Here, we investigated the ability of the common opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans to induce LTB4 formation in neutrophils, and elucidated pathogen-mediated drivers and cellular processes that activate this pathway. We revealed that C. albicans-induced LTB4 biosynthesis requires both the morphological transition from yeast cells to hyphae and the expression of hyphae-associated genes, as exclusively viable hyphae or yeast-locked mutant cells expressing hyphae-associated genes stimulated 5-LOX by [Ca2+ ]i mobilization and p38 MAPK activation. LTB4 biosynthesis was orchestrated by synergistic activation of dectin-1 and Toll-like receptor 2, and corresponding signaling via SYK and MYD88, respectively. Conclusively, we report hyphae-specific induction of LTB4 biosynthesis in human neutrophils. This highlights an expanding role of neutrophils during inflammatory processes in the response to C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Fischer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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12
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Otieno W, Liu C, Ji Y. Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Attenuates Sepsis-Associated Toxins in Selected Gram-Positive Bacteria In Vitro. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1200-1209. [PMID: 34319262 PMCID: PMC9705996 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2105.05024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is an acute inflammatory response that leads to life-threatening complications if not quickly and adequately treated. Cytolysin, hemolysin, and pneumolysin are toxins produced by gram-positive bacteria and are responsible for resistance to antimicrobial drugs, cause virulence and lead to sepsis. This work assessed the effects of aloe-emodin (AE) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on sepsis-associated gram-positive bacterial toxins. Standard and antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumonia bacterial strains were cultured in the dark with varying AE concentrations and later irradiated with 72 J/cm-2 light. Colony and biofilm formation was determined. CCK-8, Griess reagent reaction, and ELISA assays were done on bacteria-infected RAW264.7 cells to determine the cell viability, NO, and IL-1β and IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokines responses, respectively. Hemolysis and western blot assays were done to determine the effect of treatment on hemolysis activity and sepsis-associated toxins expressions. AE-mediated PDT reduced bacterial survival in a dose-dependent manner with 32 μg/ml of AE almost eliminating their survival. Cell proliferation, NO, IL-1β, and IL-6 cytokines production were also significantly downregulated. Further, the hemolytic activities and expressions of cytolysin, hemolysin, and pneumolysin were significantly reduced following AE-mediated PDT. In conclusion, combined use of AE and light (435 ± 10 nm) inactivates MRSA, S. aureus (ATCC 29213), S. pneumoniae (ATCC 49619), MDR-S. pneumoniae, E. faecalis (ATCC 29212), and VRE (ATCC 51299) in an AE-dose dependent manner. AE and light are also effective in reducing biofilm formations, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, hemolytic activities, and inhibiting the expressions of toxins that cause sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woodvine Otieno
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
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13
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Jordan PM, Gerstmeier J, Pace S, Bilancia R, Rao Z, Börner F, Miek L, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Ó, Arakandy V, Rossi A, Ialenti A, González-Estévez C, Löffler B, Tuchscherr L, Serhan CN, Werz O. Staphylococcus aureus-Derived α-Hemolysin Evokes Generation of Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators Promoting Inflammation Resolution. Cell Rep 2021; 33:108247. [PMID: 33053344 PMCID: PMC7729929 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Underlying mechanisms of how infectious inflammation is resolved by the host are incompletely understood. One hallmark of inflammation resolution is the activation of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that enhance bacterial clearance and promote tissue repair. Here, we reveal α-hemolysin (Hla) from Staphylococcus aureus as a potent elicitor of SPM biosynthesis in human M2-like macrophages and in the mouse peritoneum through selective activation of host 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1). S. aureus-induced SPM formation in M2 is abolished upon Hla depletion or 15-LOX-1 knockdown. Isolated Hla elicits SPM formation in M2 that is reverted by inhibition of the Hla receptor ADAM10. Lipid mediators derived from Hla-treated M2 accelerate planarian tissue regeneration. Hla but not zymosan provokes substantial SPM formation in the mouse peritoneum, devoid of leukocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Besides harming the host, Hla may also exert beneficial functions by stimulating SPM production to promote the resolution of infectious inflammation. Jordan et al. reveal that α-hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus stimulates specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) formation through activation of 15-lipoxygenase-1 in human macrophages involving ADAM10. The host may exploit α-hemolysin as an SPM inducer to better cope with S. aureus infections and to promote inflammation resolution and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Jordan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Simona Pace
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Rossella Bilancia
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Zhigang Rao
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Friedemann Börner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Laura Miek
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Vandana Arakandy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Antonietta Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Ialenti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Bettina Löffler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Lorena Tuchscherr
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Oliver Werz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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14
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Damour A, Robin B, Deroche L, Broutin L, Bellin N, Verdon J, Lina G, Leclère FM, Garcia M, Cremniter J, Lévêque N, Bodet C. Phenol-soluble modulins α are major virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus secretome promoting inflammatory response in human epidermis. Virulence 2021; 12:2474-2492. [PMID: 34516337 PMCID: PMC8451463 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1975909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a skin commensal microorganism commonly colonizing healthy humans. Nevertheless, S. aureus can also be responsible for cutaneous infections and contribute to flare-up of inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), which is characterized by dysbiosis of the skin microbiota with S. aureus as the predominant species. However, the role of major virulence factors of this pathogen such as phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) toxins in epidermal inflammation remains poorly understood. Stimulation of primary human keratinocytes with sublytic concentrations of synthetic and purified PSM α3 resulted in upregulation of a large panel of pro-inflammatory chemokine and cytokine gene expression, including CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL8, CCL20, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-36γ and TNF-α, while inducing the release of CXCL8, CCL20, TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, using S. aureus culture supernatant from mutants deleted from genes encoding either α-type PSMs or all PSM production, PSMs were shown to be the main factors of S. aureus secretome responsible for pro-inflammatory mediator induction in human keratinocytes. On the other hand, α-type PSM-containing supernatant triggered an intense induction of pro-inflammatory mediator expression and secretion during both topical and basal layer stimulation of an ex vivo model of human skin explants, a physiologically relevant model of pluristratified epidermis. Taken together, the results of this study show that PSMs and more specifically α-type PSMs are major virulence factors of S. aureus inducing a potent inflammatory response during infection of the human epidermis and could thereby contribute to AD flare-up through exacerbation of skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Damour
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Brandon Robin
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Luc Deroche
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Lauranne Broutin
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Laboratoire De Bactériologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Bellin
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Julien Verdon
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Gérard Lina
- CIRI Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agent Infectieux, Hôpital de La Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Franck Marie Leclère
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Département de Chirurgie Plastique, Reconstructive et Esthétique, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Magali Garcia
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Laboratoire de Virologie et Mycobactériologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Julie Cremniter
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Laboratoire De Bactériologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Lévêque
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Laboratoire de Virologie et Mycobactériologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Charles Bodet
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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15
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Analysis of Boswellic Acid Contents and Related Pharmacological Activities of Frankincense-Based Remedies That Modulate Inflammation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070660. [PMID: 34358086 PMCID: PMC8308689 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts of frankincense, the gum resin of Boswellia species, have been extensively used in traditional folk medicine since ancient times and are still of great interest as promising anti-inflammatory remedies in Western countries. Despite their common therapeutic use and the intensive pharmacological research including studies on active ingredients, modes of action, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy, frankincense preparations are available as nutraceuticals but have not yet approved as a drug on the market. A major issue of commercially available frankincense nutraceuticals is the striking differences in their composition and quality, especially related to the content of boswellic acids (BAs) as active ingredients, mainly due to the use of material from divergent Boswellia species but also because of different work-up and extraction procedures. Here, we assessed three frequently used frankincense-based preparations for their BA content and the interference with prominent pro-inflammatory actions and targets that have been proposed, that is, 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene formation in human neutrophils, microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1, and inflammatory cytokine secretion in human blood monocytes. Our data reveal striking differences in the pharmacological efficiencies of these preparations in inflammation-related bioassays which obviously correlate with the amounts of BAs they contain. In summary, high-quality frankincense extracts display powerful anti-inflammatory effectiveness against multiple targets which can be traced back to BAs as bioactive ingredients.
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16
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Anti-inflammatory celastrol promotes a switch from leukotriene biosynthesis to formation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105556. [PMID: 33812006 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pentacyclic triterpenoid quinone methide celastrol (CS) from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. effectively ameliorates inflammation with potential as therapeutics for inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and inflammation-resolving features of CS are incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that CS potently inhibits the activity of human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), the key enzyme in pro-inflammatory leukotriene (LT) formation, in cell-free assays with IC50 = 0.19-0.49 µM. Employing metabololipidomics using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in activated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes or M1 macrophages we found that CS (1 µM) potently suppresses 5-LOX-derived products without impairing the formation of lipid mediators (LM) formed by 12-/15-LOXs as well as fatty acid substrate release. Intriguingly, CS induced the generation of 12-/15-LOX-derived LM including the specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) resolvin D5 in human M2 macrophages. Finally, intraperitoneal pre-treatment of mice with 10 mg/kg CS strongly impaired zymosan-induced LT formation and simultaneously elevated the levels of SPM and related 12-/15-LOX-derived LM in peritoneal exudates, spleen and plasma in vivo. Conclusively, CS promotes a switch from LT biosynthesis to formation of SPM which may underlie the anti-inflammatory and inflammation-resolving effects of CS, representing an interesting pharmacological strategy for intervention with inflammatory disorders.
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