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Xiang H, Bao C, Chen Q, Gao Q, Wang N, Gao Q, Mao L. Extracellular vesicles (EVs)' journey in recipient cells: from recognition to cargo release. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:633-655. [PMID: 39155778 PMCID: PMC11337091 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized bilayer vesicles that are shed or secreted by virtually every cell type. A variety of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, coding and non-coding RNAs, and mitochondrial DNA, can be selectively encapsulated into EVs and delivered to nearby and distant recipient cells, leading to alterations in the recipient cells, suggesting that EVs play an important role in intercellular communication. EVs play effective roles in physiology and pathology and could be used as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. At present, although the mechanisms of exosome biogenesis and secretion in donor cells are well understood, the molecular mechanism of EV recognition and uptake by recipient cells is still unclear. This review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of EVs' biological journey in recipient cells, from recognition to uptake and cargo release. Furthermore, we highlight how EVs escape endolysosomal degradation after uptake and thus release cargo, which is crucial for studies applying EVs as drug-targeted delivery vehicles. Knowledge of the cellular processes that govern EV uptake is important to shed light on the functions of EVs as well as on related clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayuan Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Chenxuan Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Lingxiang Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, China.
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2
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Wang X, Qian H, Yang L, Yan S, Wang H, Li X, Yang D. The role and mechanism of IFITM1 in developing acquired cisplatin resistance in small cell lung cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30806. [PMID: 38803858 PMCID: PMC11128842 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapies, historically the cornerstone of first-line treatment for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), face a major hurdle: the frequent emergence of chemoresistance, notably to cisplatin (CDDP). Current understanding of the mechanisms driving CDDP resistance in SCLC is incomplete. Notably, Interferon inducible transmembrane protein1 (IFITM1) has been identified as a key player in the distant metastasis of SCLC. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed that IFITM1 expression is markedly elevated in tumor tissues as compared to that from adjacent normal tissues, correlating with a worse prognosis for patients with SCLC. Our research focused on investigating the role of IFITM1 in the acquisition of cisplatin resistance in SCLC. Further clinical sample analysis highlighted a significant increase in IFITM1 levels in SCLC tissues from cisplatin-resistant patients versus those were responsive to CCDP treatment, with similar trends observed in cisplatin-resistant SCLC cells. Crucially, overexpression of IFITM1 reduced the sensitivity of SCLC cells to cisplatin, while silencing IFITM1 enhanced chemosensitivity in cisplatin-resistant strains. Our in vivo studies further confirmed that silencing IFITM1 significantly boosted the efficacy of cisplatin in inhibiting growth of subcutaneous tumors of NCI-H466/CDDP cells (cisplatin-resistant SCLC cells) in a mouse model. Mechanistically, IFITM1 appears to foster cisplatin resistance through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In summary, our findings suggest that targeting IFITM1, alongside cisplatin treatment, could offer a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance and improve outcomes for SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Haihong Qian
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Shuangli Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Xiu Li
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Donghai Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
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Xiao J, Yu X, Meng F, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Ren Y, Li J, Sun Y, Sun H, Chen G, He K, Lu L. Integrating spatial and single-cell transcriptomics reveals tumor heterogeneity and intercellular networks in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:326. [PMID: 38729966 PMCID: PMC11087651 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), a powerful tool for studying the tumor microenvironment (TME), does not preserve/provide spatial information on tissue morphology and cellular interactions. To understand the crosstalk between diverse cellular components in proximity in the TME, we performed scRNA-seq coupled with spatial transcriptomic (ST) assay to profile 41,700 cells from three colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor-normal-blood pairs. Standalone scRNA-seq analyses revealed eight major cell populations, including B cells, T cells, Monocytes, NK cells, Epithelial cells, Fibroblasts, Mast cells, Endothelial cells. After the identification of malignant cells from epithelial cells, we observed seven subtypes of malignant cells that reflect heterogeneous status in tumor, including tumor_CAV1, tumor_ATF3_JUN | FOS, tumor_ZEB2, tumor_VIM, tumor_WSB1, tumor_LXN, and tumor_PGM1. By transferring the cellular annotations obtained by scRNA-seq to ST spots, we annotated four regions in a cryosection from CRC patients, including tumor, stroma, immune infiltration, and colon epithelium regions. Furthermore, we observed intensive intercellular interactions between stroma and tumor regions which were extremely proximal in the cryosection. In particular, one pair of ligands and receptors (C5AR1 and RPS19) was inferred to play key roles in the crosstalk of stroma and tumor regions. For the tumor region, a typical feature of TMSB4X-high expression was identified, which could be a potential marker of CRC. The stroma region was found to be characterized by VIM-high expression, suggesting it fostered a stromal niche in the TME. Collectively, single cell and spatial analysis in our study reveal the tumor heterogeneity and molecular interactions in CRC TME, which provides insights into the mechanisms underlying CRC progression and may contribute to the development of anticancer therapies targeting on non-tumor components, such as the extracellular matrix (ECM) in CRC. The typical genes we identified may facilitate to new molecular subtypes of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xinyang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Fanlin Meng
- CapitalBio Technology Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Yuncong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonghong Ren
- CapitalBio Technology Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxia Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yimin Sun
- CapitalBio Technology Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ke He
- Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Xu YP, Jiang T, Yang XF, Chen ZB. Methods, Mechanisms, and Application Prospects for Enhancing Extracellular Vesicle Uptake. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:247-260. [PMID: 38622425 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered to be a new generation of bioinspired nanoscale drug delivery systems due to their low immunogenicity, natural functionality, and excellent biocompatibility. However, limitations such as low uptake efficiency, insufficient production, and inhomogeneous performance undermine their potential. To address these issues, numerous researchers have put forward various methods and applications for enhancing EV uptake in recent decades. In this review, we introduce various methods for the cellular uptake of EVs and summarize recent advances on the methods and mechanisms for enhancing EV uptake. In addition, we provide further understanding regarding enhancing EV uptake and put forward prospects and challenges for the development of EV-based therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Peng Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zhen-Bing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Szatmári T, Balázs K, Csordás IB, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Effect of radiotherapy on the DNA cargo and cellular uptake mechanisms of extracellular vesicles. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1191-1213. [PMID: 37347291 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, plenty of evidence has gathered pointing to the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by irradiated cells in the development of radiation-induced non-targeted effects. EVs are complex natural structures composed of a phospholipid bilayer which are secreted by virtually all cells and carry bioactive molecules. They can travel certain distances in the body before being taken up by recipient cells. In this review we discuss the role and fate of EVs in tumor cells and highlight the importance of DNA specimens in EVs cargo in the context of radiotherapy. The effect of EVs depends on their cargo, which reflects physiological and pathological conditions of donor cell types, but also depends on the mode of EV uptake and mechanisms involved in the route of EV internalization. While the secretion and cargo of EVs from irradiated cells has been extensively studied in recent years, their uptake is much less understood. In this review, we will focus on recent knowledge regarding the EV uptake of cancer cells and the effect of radiation in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Szatmári
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Balázs
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Barbara Csordás
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
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Zhang Y, Lu A, Zhuang Z, Zhang S, Liu S, Chen H, Yang X, Wang Z. Can Organoid Model Reveal a Key Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Tumors? A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5511-5527. [PMID: 37791321 PMCID: PMC10544113 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s424737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles that are released by cells into the extracellular environment. The role of EVs in tumors has been extensively studied, and they have been shown to play a crucial role in tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Past research has mainly used 2D-cultured cell line models to investigate the role of EVs in tumors, which poorly simulate the tumor microenvironment. Organoid technology has gradually matured in recent years. Organoids are similar in composition and behavior to physiological cells and have the potential to recapitulate the architecture and function of the original tissue. It has been widely used in organogenesis, drug screening, gene editing, precision medicine and other fields. The integration of EVs and organoids has the potential to revolutionize the field of cancer research and represents a promising avenue for advancing our understanding of cancer biology and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we aimed to present a comprehensive overview of studies using organoids to study EVs in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anqing Lu
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Central Transportation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Zhuang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sicheng Liu
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haining Chen
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Yang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Y, Bai SK, Zhang T, Liao CG. MicroRNA-363-3p inhibits colorectal cancer progression by targeting interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1556-1566. [PMID: 37746648 PMCID: PMC10514722 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i9.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer development and progression are far from being elucidated. AIM To investigate the role of microRNA-363-3p (miR-363-3p) in the progression of colorectal cancer. METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect miRNA expression in human colorectal cancer tissues and paired normal colorectal tissues. PITA 6 was utilized to predict the targets of miR-363-3p. Dual-luciferase reporter system was used to validate the target of miR-363-3p. Plate colony formation assay and wound-healing assay were performed to evaluate cancer cells' clonogenic survival ability and migration ability, respectively. Cell proliferation was examined by cell counting kit-8 assay. Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression level of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) in colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. The TCGA and GTEx databases were used to compare the expression levels of IFITM1 mRNA in colorectal cancer tissues and normal colorectal tissues and analyze the correlation between the expression levels of IFITM1 mRNA and overall survival and disease-free survival of patients. A colorectal cancer cell line with a deficiency of IFITM1 was constructed, and the regulation effect of IFITM1 on the clonogenic growth of colorectal cancer cells was clarified. RESULTS MiR-363-3p was decreased in colorectal cancer tissues compared to normal colorectal tissues. IFITM1 was characterized as a direct target of miR-363-3p. Overexpression of miR-363-3p led to decreased clonogenic survival, proliferation, and migration of colorectal cancer cells, which could be reversed by forced IFITM1 expression. CONCLUSION MiR-363-3p can constrain clonogenic survival, proliferation, and migration of colorectal cancer cells via targeting IFITM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shao-Kai Bai
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Cheng-Gong Liao
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
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Zhang Y, Lu Y, Li X, Zhang S, Liu P, Hao X, Han J. The novel role of IFITM1-3 in myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2023; 12:180-190. [PMID: 37662621 PMCID: PMC10468414 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2023.01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs 1, 2, and 3) play a critical role in preventing pathogen infection in vertebrates. They are also involved in the occurrence and prognosis of cancer. Myogenesis is a complex process regulated by several factors. This study disclosed that Ifitm1-3 were upregulated in the process of myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts on days 3, 5, and 7. This positively correlated with the expression of differentiation factors MyoD, myogenin, Mrf5, and desmin. Furthermore, knockdown of Ifitm1-3 by their individual siRNAs inhibited myogenesis of C2C12 myoblasts, with relative downregulation of MyoD, myogenin, Mrf5, and desmin. Subsequently, myotube formation and fusion percentage decreased. Co-immunoprecipitation combined with LC-MS/MS analysis uncovered the interaction proteins of IFITM1 and IFITM3 in C2C12 myoblasts. A total of 84 overlapped interaction proteins of IFITM1 and IFITM3 were identified, and one of the clusters was engaged in cytoskeletal and sarcomere proteins, including desmin, myosin, actin, vimentin, nestin, ankycorbin, and nucleolin. Hence, we hypothesize that these interacting proteins may function as scaffolds for IFITM1-3, possibly through the interaction protein desmin to initiate further interaction with other proteins to participate in myogenesis; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Our study may contribute to the development of novel therapeutics for myopathic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Science College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Science College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xianxian Li
- Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Science College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Science College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengchao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Science College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Hao
- Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Science College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Science College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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9
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Soós AÁ, Kelemen A, Orosz A, Szvicsek Z, Tölgyes T, Dede K, Bursics A, Wiener Z. High CD142 Level Marks Tumor-Promoting Fibroblasts with Targeting Potential in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11585. [PMID: 37511344 PMCID: PMC10381019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high incidence and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. The accumulation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) induces an aggressive, stem-like phenotype in tumor cells, and it indicates a poor prognosis. However, cellular heterogeneity among CAFs and the targeting of both stromal and CRC cells are not yet well resolved. Here, we identified CD142high fibroblasts with a higher stimulating effect on CRC cell proliferation via secreting more hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) compared to CD142low CAFs. We also found that combinations of inhibitors that had either a promising effect in other cancer types or are more active in CRC compared to normal colonic epithelium acted synergistically in CRC cells. Importantly, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor selected against CD142high fibroblasts, and both CRC cells and CAFs were sensitive to a BCL-xL inhibitor. However, targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) was ineffective in fibroblasts, and an epigenetic inhibitor selected for a tumor cell population with markers of aggressive behavior. Thus, we suggest BCL-xL and HSP90 inhibitors to eliminate cancer cells and decrease the tumor-promoting CD142high CAF population. This may be the basis of a strategy to target both CRC cells and stromal fibroblasts, resulting in the inhibition of tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Áron Soós
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.S.); (A.K.); (A.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Andrea Kelemen
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.S.); (A.K.); (A.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Adrián Orosz
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.S.); (A.K.); (A.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Szvicsek
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.S.); (A.K.); (A.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Tamás Tölgyes
- Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, H-1145 Budapest, Hungary; (T.T.); (K.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Kristóf Dede
- Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, H-1145 Budapest, Hungary; (T.T.); (K.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Attila Bursics
- Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, H-1145 Budapest, Hungary; (T.T.); (K.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Zoltán Wiener
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.S.); (A.K.); (A.O.); (Z.S.)
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Koncz A, Turiák L, Németh K, Lenzinger D, Bárkai T, Lőrincz P, Zelenyánszki H, Vukman KV, Buzás EI, Visnovitz T. Endoplasmin Is a Hypoxia-Inducible Endoplasmic Reticulum-Derived Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles Released by Cardiac Cell Lines. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:431. [PMID: 37103858 PMCID: PMC10142439 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are leading causes of human mortality. Recent data indicate that the cardiomyocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) released upon cardiac injury are present in circulation. This paper aimed to analyze EVs released under normal and hypoxic conditions by H9c2 (rat), AC16 (human) and HL1 (mouse) cardiac cell lines. Small (sEVs), medium (mEVs) and large EVs (lEVs) were separated from a conditioned medium by a combination of gravity filtration, differential centrifugation and tangential flow filtration. The EVs were characterized by microBCA, SPV lipid assay, nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission and immunogold electron microscopy, flow cytometry and Western blotting. Proteomic profiles of the EVs were determined. Surprisingly, an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, endoplasmin (ENPL, grp94 or gp96), was identified in the EV samples, and its association with EVs was validated. The secretion and uptake of ENPL was followed by confocal microscopy using GFP-ENPL fusion protein expressing HL1 cells. We identified ENPL as an internal cargo of cardiomyocyte-derived mEVs and sEVs. Based on our proteomic analysis, its presence in EVs was linked to hypoxia in HL1 and H9c2 cells, and we hypothesize that EV-associated ENPL may have a cardioprotective role by reducing cardiomyocyte ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koncz
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Turiák
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorina Lenzinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Bárkai
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőrincz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Helga Zelenyánszki
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina V. Vukman
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit I. Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Visnovitz
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Friedlová N, Zavadil Kokáš F, Hupp TR, Vojtěšek B, Nekulová M. IFITM protein regulation and functions: Far beyond the fight against viruses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1042368. [PMID: 36466909 PMCID: PMC9716219 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1042368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are important cytokines that regulate immune responses through the activation of hundreds of genes, including interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs). This evolutionarily conserved protein family includes five functionally active homologs in humans. Despite the high sequence homology, IFITMs vary in expression, subcellular localization and function. The initially described adhesive and antiproliferative or pro-oncogenic functions of IFITM proteins were diluted by the discovery of their antiviral properties. The large set of viruses that is inhibited by these proteins is constantly expanding, as are the possible mechanisms of action. In addition to their beneficial antiviral effects, IFITM proteins are often upregulated in a broad spectrum of cancers. IFITM proteins have been linked to most hallmarks of cancer, including tumor cell proliferation, therapeutic resistance, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Recent studies have described the involvement of IFITM proteins in antitumor immunity. This review summarizes various levels of IFITM protein regulation and the physiological and pathological functions of these proteins, with an emphasis on tumorigenesis and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Friedlová
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Filip Zavadil Kokáš
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ted R. Hupp
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bořivoj Vojtěšek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marta Nekulová
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
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Li H, Ni R, Wang K, Tian Y, Gong H, Yan W, Tang Y, Lei C, Wang H, Yang X. Chicken interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 promotes replication of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in a cell-specific manner. Vet Microbiol 2022; 275:109597. [PMCID: PMC9616511 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are broad-spectrum antiviral proteins that inhibit numerous virus infections by impeding viral entry into target cells. However, increasing evidence suggests diverse functions of IFITMs in virus infection, especially with the coronavirus. We analyzed the effect of chicken interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (chIFITMs) on coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection in vitro. We demonstrated that the antiviral effects of IFITMs are dependent on cell and virus types. The overexpression of chIFITM1 dramatically promoted the replication of IBV Beaudette strain in the chicken hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, LMH. Mechanistically, chIFITMs share roughly the same subcellular localization in different host cells, and overexpressed of chIFITM1 have no effect of viral attachment and entry. Further studies revealed that mutations of amino acids at key positions (60KSRD63, 68KDFV71) in the intracellular loop domain (CIL) caused loss of the promoted function. Interaction with downstream proteins in co-response to viral infection could be the primary reason behind variable functions of chIFITM1 in different cells. In all, our study explored the functions of chIFITMs in viral infection from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China,Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ruiqi Ni
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China,Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kailu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China,Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yiming Tian
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huilin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China,Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China,Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yizhi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China,Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Changwei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China,Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China,Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China,Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China,Corresponding author at: Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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CD44 Expression Intensity Marks Colorectal Cancer Cell Subpopulations with Different Extracellular Vesicle Release Capacity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042180. [PMID: 35216292 PMCID: PMC8879498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are released by virtually all cells and they transport biologically important molecules from the release site to target cells. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death cases, thus, it represents a major health issue. Although the EV cargo may reflect the molecular composition of the releasing cells and thus, EVs may hold a great promise for tumor diagnostics, the impact of intratumoral heterogeneity on the intensity of EV release is still largely unknown. By using CRC patient-derived organoids that maintain the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of the original epithelial tumor tissue, we proved that CD44high cells produce more organoids with a higher proliferation intensity, as compared to CD44low cells. Interestingly, we detected an increased EV release by CD44high CRC cells. In addition, we found that the miRNA cargos of CD44high and CD44low cell derived EVs largely overlapped and only four miRNAs were specific for one of the above subpopulations. We observed that EVs released by CD44high cells induced the proliferation and activation of colon fibroblasts more strongly than CD44low cells. However, this effect was due to the higher EV number rather than to the miRNA cargo of EVs. Collectively, we identified CRC subpopulations with different EV releasing capabilities and we proved that CRC cell-released EVs have a miRNA-independent effect on fibroblast proliferation and activation.
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing vs. Over-Expression for Fluorescent Extracellular Vesicle-Labeling: A Quantitative Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010282. [PMID: 35008709 PMCID: PMC8745383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-expression of fluorescently-labeled markers for extracellular vesicles is frequently used to visualize vesicle up-take and transport. EVs that are labeled by over-expression show considerable heterogeneity regarding the number of fluorophores on single particles, which could potentially bias tracking and up-take studies in favor of more strongly-labeled particles. To avoid the potential artefacts that are caused by over-expression, we developed a genome editing approach for the fluorescent labeling of the extracellular vesicle marker CD63 with green fluorescent protein using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Using single-molecule sensitive fluorescence microscopy, we quantitatively compared the degree of labeling of secreted small extracellular vesicles from conventional over-expression and the CRISPR/Cas9 approach with true single-particle measurements. With our analysis, we can demonstrate a larger fraction of single-GFP-labeled EVs in the EVs that were isolated from CRISPR/Cas9-modified cells (83%) compared to EVs that were isolated from GFP-CD63 over-expressing cells (36%). Despite only single-GFP-labeling, CRISPR-EVs can be detected and discriminated from auto-fluorescence after their up-take into cells. To demonstrate the flexibility of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method, we fluorescently labeled EVs using the HaloTag® with lipid membrane permeable dye, JaneliaFluor® 646, which allowed us to perform 3D-localization microscopy of single EVs taken up by the cultured cells.
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