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Jeong W, Choi DW, Kim YK, Lee HJ, Lee SA, Park EC, Jang SI. Associations of electronic and conventional cigarette use with periodontal disease in South Korean adults. J Periodontol 2019; 91:55-64. [PMID: 31355936 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the association of conventional cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping with periodontal disease in South Korean adults. METHODS For this study, data from 13,551 participants, a subset derived from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2013 and 2015, were examined. Participants were divided into four categories: electronic cigarettes vapers, conventional cigarettes smokers, ex-users, and non-users. Periodontal status was measured by the Community Periodontal Index. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association of periodontal disease with smoking and vaping individually. RESULTS Out of 187 men and 35 women who vape electronic cigarette, 67 (35.8%) men and 10 (28.6%) women had periodontal diseases. Out of 1,957 men and 363 women who smoke conventional cigarettes, 861 (44.0%) men and 121 (35.3%) women had periodontal diseases. Periodontal disease was more prevalent in each vapers and smokers than non-users in men (electronic cigarettes: odds ratio [OR] = 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.52 to 3.59, conventional cigarettes: OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.76 to 2.68). Furthermore, both vaping and smoking had significant relation to dental caries, toothache, and dental damages. CONCLUSIONS Electronic and conventional cigarette use was each significantly associated with increased periodontal disease rates. After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related characteristics, both vaping and smoking each had significant association with periodontal diseases. Therefore, this study suggests that vaping may not be a safe alternative to smoking. Cessation of both types of cigarettes is necessary for maintaining oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjeong Jeong
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Choi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim SJ, Han KT, Lee SY, Chun SY, Park EC. Is secondhand smoke associated with stress in smokers and non-smokers? BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1249. [PMID: 26679934 PMCID: PMC4683940 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secondhand Smoking (SHS) has been suggested as a major health problem in the world and is known to cause various negative health effects that have in turn caused the deaths of almost 600,000 people per year. Evidence has suggested that SHS may have an effect on health problems and such findings have influenced the implementation of smoking-free areas. However, few studies have investigated the effects of SHS on stress which is considered major risk factor for mental health. Thus, the purpose of our study was to investigate the association between exposure to SHS and stress. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2012). In our study, a total of 33,728 participants were included to evaluate the association between SHS exposure and stress based on smoking status. Association between SHS exposure and stress was examined using logistic regression models. Results A total of 12,441 participants (42.9 %) were exposed to SHS in the workplace or at home. In our study, exposure to SHS was significantly associated with higher stress compared to non-exposure, regardless of smoking status (smoker odds ratio [OR]: 1.22; ex-smoker OR: 1.25; never-smoker OR: 1.42). Our results showed that the effect of SHS on stress was greater when exposure took place both at home and in the workplace in smokers and never-smokers. Conclusions Exposure to SHS in the workplace and at home is considered to be a risk factor for high stress in both smokers and never-smoker. Therefore, strict regulations banning smoke which can smoking ban reduce SHS exposure are recommended in order to improve the populations’ health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ju Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Tae Han
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo Yoon Lee
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Youn Chun
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Allem JP, Ayers JW, Unger JB, Irvin VL, Hofstetter CR, Hovell MF. Smoking trajectories among Koreans in Seoul and California: exemplifying a common error in age parameterization. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:1851-6. [PMID: 22901135 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Immigration to a nation with a stronger anti-smoking environment has been hypothesized to make smoking less common. However, little is known about how environments influence risk of smoking across the lifecourse. Research suggested a linear decline in smoking over the lifecourse but these associations, in fact, might not be linear. This study assessed the possible nonlinear associations between age and smoking and examined how these associations differed by environment through comparing Koreans in Seoul, South Korea and Korean Americans in California, United States. Data were drawn from population based telephone surveys of Korean adults in Seoul (N=500) and California (N=2,830) from 2001-2002. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (lowess) was used to approximate the association between age and smoking with multivariable spline logistic regressions, including adjustment for confounds used to draw population inferences. Smoking differed across the lifecourse between Korean and Korean American men. The association between age and smoking peaked around 35 years among Korean and Korean American men. From 18 to 35 the probability of smoking was 57% higher (95%CI, 40 to 71) among Korean men versus 8% (95%CI, 3 to 19) higher among Korean American men. A similar difference in age after 35, from 40 to 57 years of age, was associated with a 2% (95%CI, 0 to 10) and 20% (95%CI, 16 to 25) lower probability of smoking among Korean and Korean American men. A nonlinear pattern was also observed among Korean American women. Social role transitions provide plausible explanations for the decline in smoking after 35. Investigators should be mindful of nonlinearities in age when attempting to understand tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Patrick Allem
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Allem JP, Ayers JW, Unger JB, Vollinger RE, Latkin C, Juon HS, Park HR, Paik HY, Hofstetter CR, Hovell MF. The environment modifies the relationship between social networks and secondhand smoke exposure among Korean nonsmokers in Seoul and California. Asia Pac J Public Health 2012; 27:NP437-47. [PMID: 23000798 DOI: 10.1177/1010539512459750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study compared risks of secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) among Korean nonsmokers in Seoul, South Korea and California, United States. Social networks were hypothesized to contain more smokers in Seoul than in California, and smokers were hypothesized to produce more secondhand smoke in Seoul than California, as Seoul's policies and norms are less restrictive. Telephone interviews were conducted with Korean adults in Seoul (N = 500) and California (N = 2830). In all, 69% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 64-74) of Koreans and 31% (95% CI = 29-33) of Korean Americans reported any SHSe. A total of 44% (95% CI = 40-47) of Korean family members smoked versus 29% (95% CI = 28-30) of Korean American family members (t = 7.84, P < .01). A 25% to 75% increase in the proportion of family members that smoked corresponded with a 13% (95% CI = 5-21) higher probability of any SHSe among Koreans compared with 6% (95% CI = 2-10) among Korean Americans. Network interventions in combination with policies and/or health campaigns may help reduce SHSe globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Patrick Allem
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John W Ayers
- Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert E Vollinger
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carl Latkin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hee-Soon Juon
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Predictors of smoking cessation in 50–66-year-old male Taiwanese smokers: A 7-year national cohort study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 55:295-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chen X, Tang X, Stanton B, Li H, Chen W. Cigarette smoking among medical students in China and modifiable risk factors for smoking prevention. HEALTH EDUCATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1108/09654281211237162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ayers JW, Hofstetter CR, Hughes SC, Park HR, Paik HY, Song YJ, Irvin V, Hovell MF. Gender modifies the relationship between social networks and smoking among adults in Seoul, South Korea. Int J Public Health 2010; 55:609-17. [PMID: 20217178 PMCID: PMC2992131 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-010-0126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the interaction of gender with social network mechanisms and smoking behaviors in Seoul, South Korea, where smoking is common among men but not women. METHODS During 2002, telephone surveys were completed with 500 adults drawn from a probability sample in Seoul. Respondents described their smoking status, smoking rate (number of cigarettes smoked per day) and social networks by assessing who discouraged or encouraged smoking (smoking support) or smoked (smoking models). Multivariable regressions were used for analyses. RESULTS Women encountered significantly less smoking support than men, 88% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 85-91) versus 70% (95% CI 66-73) net discouragement of smoking in their network. A difference in smoking support from 25 to 75% net discouragement was associated with a 27% (95% CI 9-49) lower probability of smoking among women, significantly stronger (z = 3.18, p < 0.01) than among men who had a 19% (95% CI 8-27) lower probability of smoking. A similar difference in smoking support was associated with male smokers smoking 6.38 (95% CI 0.86-12.30) fewer cigarettes per day, or 2,329 (95% CI 314-4,490) fewer cigarettes per year. The later association could not be observed among women due to the small proportion of female smokers. Smoking models were not significantly associated with any smoking behaviors across genders. CONCLUSIONS Social network mechanisms were differentially associated with the high smoking prevalence among men and low prevalence among women and should be targeted by interventions tailored to these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Ayers
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.
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