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A comprehensive review on acridone based derivatives as future anti-cancer agents and their structure activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114527. [PMID: 35717872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The development of drug resistance and severe side-effects has reduced the clinical efficacy of the existing anti-cancer drugs available in the market. Thus, there is always a constant need to develop newer anti-cancer drugs with minimal adverse effects. Researchers all over the world have been focusing on various alternative strategies to discover novel, potent, and target specific molecules for cancer therapy. In this direction, several heterocyclic compounds are being explored but amongst them one promising heterocycle is acridone which has attracted the attention of medicinal chemists and gained huge biological importance as acridones are found to act on different therapeutically proven molecular targets, overcome ABC transporters mediated drug resistance and DNA intercalation in cancer cells. Some of these acridone derivatives have reached clinical studies as these heterocycles have shown huge potential in cancer therapeutics and imaging. Here, the authors have attempted to compile and make some recommendations of acridone based derivatives concerning their cancer biological targets and in vitro-cytotoxicity based on drug design and novelty to increase their therapeutic potential. This review also provides some important insights on the design, receptor targeting and future directions for the development of acridones as possible clinically effective anti-cancer agents.
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Veligeti R, Madhu RB, Anireddy J, Pasupuleti VR, Avula VKR, Ethiraj KS, Uppalanchi S, Kasturi S, Perumal Y, Anantaraju HS, Polkam N, Guda MR, Vallela S, Zyryanov GV. Synthesis of novel cytotoxic tetracyclic acridone derivatives and study of their molecular docking, ADMET, QSAR, bioactivity and protein binding properties. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20720. [PMID: 33244007 PMCID: PMC7691360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acridone based synthetic and natural products with inherent anticancer activity advancing the research and generating a large number of structurally diversified compounds. In this sequence we have designed, synthesized a series of tetracyclic acridones with amide framework viz., 3-(alkyloyl/ aryloyl/ heteroaryloyl/ heteroaryl)-2,3-dihydropyrazino[3,2,1-de]acridin-7(1H)-ones and screened for their in vitro anti-cancer activity. The in vitro study revealed that compounds with cyclopropyl-acetyl, benzoyl, p-hydroxybenzoyl, p-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl, p-fluorobenzoyl, m-fluorobenzoyl, picolinoyl, 6-methylpicolinoyl and 3-nicotinoyl groups are active against HT29, MDAMB231 and HEK293T cancer cell lines. The molecular docking studies performed for them against 4N5Y, HT29 and 2VWD revealed the potential ligand-protein binding interactions among the neutral aminoacid of the enzymes and carbonyl groups of the title compounds with a binding energy ranging from - 8.1394 to - 6.9915 kcal/mol. In addition, the BSA protein binding assay performed for them has confirmed their interaction with target proteins through strong binding to BSA macromolecule. The additional studies like ADMET, QSAR, bioactivity scores, drug properties and toxicity risks ascertained them as newer drug candidates. This study had added a new collection of piperazino fused acridone derivatives to the existing array of other nitrogen heterocyclic fused acridone derivatives as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Veligeti
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500085, India.,Medicinal Chemistry Division, GVK Biosciences Private Limited, Plot No. 28A, IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500076, India
| | - Rajesh Bagepalli Madhu
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, GVK Biosciences Private Limited, Plot No. 28A, IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500076, India. .,Discovery and Development Solutions, GVK Biosciences Private Limited, Plot No. 284A, Jigini Village, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562106, India.
| | - Jayashree Anireddy
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500085, India.
| | - Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Vijaya Kumar Reddy Avula
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620002.
| | - Krishna S Ethiraj
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, GVK Biosciences Private Limited, Plot No. 28A, IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500076, India
| | - Srinivas Uppalanchi
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, GVK Biosciences Private Limited, Plot No. 28A, IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500076, India
| | - Sivaprasad Kasturi
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500085, India.,Medicinal Chemistry Division, GVK Biosciences Private Limited, Plot No. 28A, IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500076, India
| | - Yogeeswari Perumal
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Hasitha Shilpa Anantaraju
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Naveen Polkam
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500085, India
| | - Mallilkarjuna Reddy Guda
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620002
| | - Swetha Vallela
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620002
| | - Grigory Vasilievich Zyryanov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620002.,Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis, 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620219
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Murahari M, Prakash KV, Peters GJ, Mayur YC. Acridone-pyrimidine hybrids- design, synthesis, cytotoxicity studies in resistant and sensitive cancer cells and molecular docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:961-981. [PMID: 28886509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid systems of acridones with substituted pyrimidines were designed with an objective of discovering next generation anticancer agents targeting multiple mechanisms in the cancer cell. Hybrid compounds were synthesized by simple and convenient methods in the lab, characterized by NMR and Mass spectral methods and screened for cytotoxicity against A549 (lung), Hela (cervical), MCF7 (breast) and MDA-MB-231 (breast) cancer cell lines respectively. Evaluation of compounds for cell proliferation identified active compounds 11b, 11d and 11h against MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and A549 cell lines. Further absorption titrations with CT-DNA and gel electrophoresis identified that hybrid molecules displayed anticancer activity partly by DNA intercalation. Also further results of western blotting assay with Akt kinase identified that hybrid compounds have the ability to inhibit the Akt kinase activity and induce apoptosis, with ABCC1 suggests that active compounds too have the ability to modulate multidrug resistance (MDR) associated with ABCC1/MRP1. Selective Akt1 kinase assay have identified 11a, 11b, 11d and 11h as potential inhibitors. Molecular docking studies identified the orientation and binding interactions at the active site of Akt1 and DNA. Compounds 12e and 12f have shown good cytotoxicity profile against lung cancer cell lines of sensitive and resistant type. Acute toxicity study of compound 12f at the dose of 5000 mg/kg has identified no signs of clinical toxicity. Prediction of ADMET properties and oral toxicity of the drug likeness features of new hybrid systems were carried out using software's. This experimental data suggests that hybrid systems of acridone with substituted pyrimidines can be taken as a lead for the design of efficient inhibitors and active compounds which can be taken up for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikanta Murahari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400 056, India
| | | | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y C Mayur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS- Deemed to be University, Mumbai 400 056, India.
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Yu J, Yang H, Jiang Y, Fu H. Copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative C-H and C-C functionalization of 1-[2-(arylamino)aryl]ethanones leading to acridone derivatives. Chemistry 2013; 19:4271-7. [PMID: 23401330 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative C-H and C-C functionalization of 1-[2-(arylamino)aryl]ethanones leading to acridones has been developed. The procedure involves cleavage of aromatic C-H and acetyl C-C bonds with intramolecular formation of a diarylketone bond. The protocol uses inexpensive Cu(O2CCF3)2 as catalyst, pyridine as additive, and economical and environmentally friendly oxygen as the oxidant, and the corresponding acridones with various functional groups were obtained in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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