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Zheng Y, van den Kerkhof M, Ibrahim M, De Esch IJP, Maes L, Sterk GJ, Caljon G, Leurs R. Lead Optimization of the 5-Phenylpyrazolopyrimidinone NPD-2975 toward Compounds with Improved Antitrypanosomal Efficacy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2849-2863. [PMID: 38330051 PMCID: PMC10895668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) still faces few therapeutic options and emerging drug resistance, stressing an urgency for novel antitrypanosomal drug discovery. Here, we describe lead optimization efforts aiming at improving antitrypanosomal efficacy and better physicochemical properties based on our previously reported optimized hit NPD-2975 (pIC50 7.2). Systematic modification of the 5-phenylpyrazolopyrimidinone NPD-2975 led to the discovery of a R4-substituted analogue 31c (NPD-3519), showing higher in vitro potency (pIC50 7.8) against Trypanosoma brucei and significantly better metabolic stability. Further, in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation of 31c and experiments in an acute T. brucei mouse model confirmed improved oral bioavailability and antitrypanosomal efficacy at 50 mg/kg with no apparent toxicity. With good physicochemical properties, low toxicity, improved pharmacokinetic features, and in vivo efficacy, 31c may serve as a promising candidate for future drug development for HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Amsterdam
Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Magali van den Kerkhof
- Laboratory
of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Amsterdam
Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Iwan J. P. De Esch
- Amsterdam
Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory
of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Geert Jan Sterk
- Amsterdam
Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory
of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam
Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
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2
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Novel Substituted Purine Isosteres: Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationships and Cytotoxic Activity Evaluation. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010247. [PMID: 35011476 PMCID: PMC8746528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridines, pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines and pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines were designed and synthesized as antiproliferative agents. The target compounds possessed selected substituents in analogous positions on the central scaffold that allowed the extraction of interesting SARs. The cytotoxic activity of the new derivatives was evaluated against prostatic (PC-3) and colon (HCT116) cell lines, and the most potent analogues showed IC50 values in the nM to low µM range, while they were found to be non-toxic against normal human fibroblasts (WI-38). Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content revealed that the most promising derivative 14b caused a statistically significant accumulation of PC-3 cells at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells.
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3
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Joksimović N, Janković N, Davidović G, Bugarčić Z. 2,4-Diketo esters: Crucial intermediates for drug discovery. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104343. [PMID: 33086180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Convenient structures such as 2,4-diketo esters have been widely used as an effective pattern in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology for drug discovery. 2,4-Diketonate is a common scaffold that can be found in many biologically active and naturally occurring compounds. Also, many 2,4-diketo ester derivatives have been prepared due to their suitable synthesis. These synthetic drugs and natural products have shown numerous interesting biological properties with clinical potential as a cure for the broad specter of diseases. This review aims to highlight the important evidence of 2,4-diketo esters as a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. Herein, numerous aspects of 2,4-diketo esters will be summarized, including synthesis and isolation of their derivatives, development of novel synthetic methodologies, the evaluation of their biological properties as well as the mechanisms of action of the diketo ester derivates. This paperwork is expected to be a comprehensive, trustworthy, and critical review of the 2,4-diketo ester intermediate to the chemistry community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Joksimović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Nenad Janković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Goran Davidović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bugarčić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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4
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Levenets TV, Koz’minykh VO, Sizentsov AN. Alkaline Hydrolysis of 3-(2-Arylhydrazinylidene)-2,4-dioxoalkanoates. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363219090019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Rizk SA, Shaban S. A Facile One‐pot Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Interesting Pyrazole and PyrimidinthioneviaHeterocyclic Interconversion. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh A. Rizk
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Safa Shaban
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
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6
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Levenets TV, Koz’minykh VO. Reactions of 3-Arylhydrazono-2,4-dioxobutanoates with Hydrazine Hydrate. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218060075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Selective and novel cyclin-dependent kinases 4 inhibitor: synthesis and biological evaluation. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Cherukupalli S, Hampannavar GA, Chinnam S, Chandrasekaran B, Sayyad N, Kayamba F, Reddy Aleti R, Karpoormath R. An appraisal on synthetic and pharmaceutical perspectives of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:309-339. [PMID: 29273417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine, a fused heterocycle bearing pyrazole and pyrimidine portions has gained a significant attention in the field of bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives have demonstrated numerous pharmacological activities particularly, anti-cancer, anti-infectious, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, adenosine antagonists and cytokinin antagonists etc. This review extensively unveils the synthetic and pharmacological diversity with special emphasis on structural variations around pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold. This endeavour has thus uncovered the medicinal worthiness of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine framework. To the best of our knowledge this review is the first compilation on synthetic, medicinal and structure activity relationship (SAR) aspects of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines since 1956.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Girish A Hampannavar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sampath Chinnam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Nisar Sayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Francis Kayamba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajeshwar Reddy Aleti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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9
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Csimbók E, Takács D, Balog JA, Egyed O, May-Nagy NV, Keserű GM. The first synthesis of isoxazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-7-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Ghorab MM, Alsaid MS. Novel 3-pyridinecarbonitriles incorporating sulfonamide moieties as anti-breast cancer agents. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Efficient one-pot synthesis of new fused pyridines and bis-pyridines catalyzed by triazine diphosphonium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid supported on functionalized nano-silica. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Khodjaniyazov KU, Ashurov JM. Crystal structure of (E)-9-(4-nitro-benzyl-idene)-8,9-di-hydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrrolo-[1,2-a]pyrimidin-5(7H)-one. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2016; 72:452-5. [PMID: 27375862 PMCID: PMC4910333 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989016003583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C17H12N4O3, a pyrido-pyrrolo-pyrimidine derivative, is almost planar. The nitro-benzene ring is inclined to the mean plane of the 8,9-di-hydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrrolo-[1,2-a]pyrimidin-5(7H)-one moiety (r.m.s. deviation = 0.023 Å) by 6.8 (1)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to (101).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamid U. Khodjaniyazov
- S. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Jamshid M. Ashurov
- A. S. Sadikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 83, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
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13
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El-Sayed R, Althagafi I. Potential Biosignificant Interest and Surface Activity of Efficient Heterocyclic Derivatives. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:177-92. [PMID: 26833285 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some functionalized pyridine and fused system derivatives were synthesized using enaminonitrile derivative 5 as a starting material for the reaction, with various reagents under different conditions. Propoxylation of these compounds using different moles of propylene oxide (3, 5 and 7 moles) leads to a novel group of surface active agents. The antimicrobial and surface activities of the synthesized compounds were investigated. Most of the evaluated compounds proved to be active as antibacterial and antifungal agents and showed good surface activity, which makes them suitable for diverse applications such as the manufacturing of emulsifiers, cosmetics, drugs, pesticides, etc. Additionally, biodegradation testing exhibits significant breakdown within six to seven days, and hence, lowers the toxicity to human beings and becomes environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refat El-Sayed
- Chemistry Department, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University
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14
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Ibrahim HS, Abou-Seri SM, Tanc M, Elaasser MM, Abdel-Aziz HA, Supuran CT. Isatin-pyrazole benzenesulfonamide hybrids potently inhibit tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms IX and XII. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 103:583-93. [PMID: 26408817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New series of benzenesulfonamide derivatives incorporating pyrazole and isatin moieties were prepared using celecoxib as lead molecule. Biological evaluation of the target compounds was performed against the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) and more precisely against the human isoforms hCA I, II (cytosolic), IX and XII (transmembrane, tumor-associated enzymes). Most of the tested compounds efficiently inhibited hCA I, II and IX, with KIs of 2.5-102 nM, being more effective than the reference drug acetazolamide. Compounds 11e, 11f, 16e and 16f were found to inhibit hCA XII with Ki of 3.7, 6.5, 5.4 and 7.2 nM, respectively. Compounds 11e and 16e, with 5-NO2 substitution on the isatin ring, were found to be selective inhibitors of hCA IX and hCA XII. Docking studies revealed that the NO2 group of both compounds participate in interactions with Asp132 within the hCA IX active site, and with residues Lys67 and Asp130 in hCA XII, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Abou-Seri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box, 11562, Egypt
| | - Muhammet Tanc
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli di Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Mahmoud M Elaasser
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli di Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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15
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Synthesis and study of fluorescence properties of novel pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one derivatives. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Masood MM, Pillalamarri VK, Irfan M, Aneja B, Jairajpuri MA, Zafaryab M, Rizvi MMA, Yadava U, Addlagatta A, Abid M. Diketo acids and their amino acid/dipeptidic analogues as promising scaffolds for the development of bacterial methionine aminopeptidase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03354c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diketo acids and their peptidic analogues were designed and synthesised as bacterial MetAP inhibitors. In the enzymatic assay, the representative compound 5e showed excellent inhibition of bacterial MetAPs with no cytotoxicity.
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17
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Shi JB, Tang WJ, qi XB, Li R, Liu XH. Novel pyrazole-5-carboxamide and pyrazole–pyrimidine derivatives: Synthesis and anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 90:889-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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El-Sayed R. Synthesis and Heteroannulation of Pyridine and Related Heterocyclic Systems Having Surface and Biological Activities. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:761-74. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Refat El-Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University
- Chemistry Department, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University
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19
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Kumari S, Paliwal S, Chauhan R. Synthesis of Pyrazole Derivatives Possessing Anticancer Activity: Current Status. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.828757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Synthesis of 5-substituted-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one analogs and their biological evaluation as anticancer agents: mTOR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 80:201-8. [PMID: 24780597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A microwave assisted strategy for synthesis of series of 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-ones has been developed and their biological evaluation as anticancer agents is described. The synthetic protocol involves simple procedure by oxidative coupling of 4-amino-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide with different aldehydes in presence of K2S2O8 offering 5-substituted-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one compounds in excellent yields. The in vitro anticancer activity screening against human cancer cell lines HeLa, CAKI-I, PC-3, MiaPaca-2, A549 gave good results. The in detailed mechanistic correlation studies of compound 3m revealed that the compound shows anticancer activity through apoptosis mechanism and also inhibits mTOR with nonomolar potency. The design was based on docking with mTOR protein. The concentration dependent cell cycle analysis, western blotting experiment and nuclear cell morphology studies have been described.
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21
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The analysis of structural and electronic properties for assessment of intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB) interaction: a comprehensive study into the effect of substitution on intramolecular hydrogen bond of 4-nitropyridine-3-thiol in ground and electronic excited state. Struct Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-013-0314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Synthesis of a new series of pyridine and fused pyridine derivatives. Molecules 2012; 17:10902-15. [PMID: 22968474 PMCID: PMC6268994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules170910902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-6-oxo-5-pyridine- carbonitrile (1) with arylidene malononitrile afforded isoquinoline derivatives 2a,b. 6-Chloro-4-methyl-2-phenyl-5-pyridinecarbonitile (3) obtained by chlorination of compound 1 with phosphoryl chloride was converted into 6-amino-4-methyl-2-phenyl-5-pyridinecarbonitrile (4) and 6-hydrazido-4-methyl-2-phenyl-5-pyridinecarbonitrile (5) in good yield, through reactions with ammonium acetate and hydrazine hydrate, respectively. Treatment of 4 with ethyl acetoacetate, acetic anhydride, formic acid, urea and thiourea gave the corresponding pyrido [2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives 7–10a,b. A new series of 6-substituted-4-methyl-2-phenyl-5-pyridine carbonitriles 11–13 has been synthesized via reaction of 4 with phenyl isothiocyanate, benzenesulphonyl chloride and acetic anhydride. Treatment of 4 with malononitrile gave 1,8-naphthyridine derivative 14. The reactivity of hydrazide 5 towards acetic acid, phenylisothiocyanate and methylacrylate to give pyrazolo-[3,4-b]-pyridine derivatives 15–17 was studied. Treatment of 5 with acetic anhydride, phthalic anhydride and carbon disulphide gave pyridine derivatives 18,19 and 1,2,4-triazolo-[3,4-a]-pyridine derivative 20.
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