Cheminformatic designing of de novo inhibitors to 3-methyl adenine DNA glycosylase I (LiTagA) from Leptospira interrogans serovar lai strain 56601

Screening chemical inhibitors for alpha-amylase from leaves extracts of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) and Aegle marmelos L

OBJECTIVES

Aqueous leaves extracts of Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) and Aegle marmelos (A. marmelos) were prepared and effect of the extracts on inhibiting alpha-amylase playing essential roles on converting starch into glucose have been examined using in vitro assays.

METHODS

Alpha amylase inhibitory assay was used to asses the in vitro antidiabetic activity of the extracts. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to identify the volatile molecules of the extracts. Identified molecule were converted as ligand and docked against human pancreatic α-amylase (0.95 Å; PDB ID: 5U3A) using Autodock tool.

RESULTS

The data analyzes suggested that the alpha-amylase inhibition potential of the extract obtained from M. koenigii was stronger than that of the A. marmelos at low concentrations (<1 mg/mL), whereas both the extracts depicted similar inhibition effects on the enzyme at high concentration (>1 mg/mL). The phytochemicals present in both the plant extracts were identified by using their respective GC-MS data and the data analyzes revealed that the extracts of M. koenigii and A. Marmelos seemed to consist of about 20 and 24 diverse chemical molecules, respectively. Through the molecular docking studies, azulene of M. koenigii and hydroxycyclodecadiene of A. marmelos showed higher binding affinity on alpha-amylase.

CONCLUSIONS

Concentration-dependent alpha-amylase inhibition effects of the extracts were observed and M. koenigii contains more alpha-amylase inhibitory effects due to the presence of azulene. This is primary lead to find out the better anti diabetic natural based drug to the society after clinical trial.

Inhibitors of DNA Glycosylases as Prospective Drugs

DNA glycosylases are enzymes that initiate the base excision repair pathway, a major biochemical process that protects the genomes of all living organisms from intrinsically and environmentally inflicted damage. Recently, base excision repair inhibition proved to be a viable strategy for the therapy of tumors that have lost alternative repair pathways, such as BRCA-deficient cancers sensitive to poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibition. However, drugs targeting DNA glycosylases are still in development and so far have not advanced to clinical trials. In this review, we cover the attempts to validate DNA glycosylases as suitable targets for inhibition in the pharmacological treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic inflammation, bacterial and viral infections. We discuss the glycosylase inhibitors described so far and survey the advances in the assays for DNA glycosylase reactions that may be used to screen pharmacological libraries for new active compounds.