1
|
Hybrid organoruthenium(II) complexes with thiophene-β-diketo-benzazole ligands: Synthesis, optical properties, CT-DNA interactions and anticancer activity. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
2
|
Importance of Fluorine in Benzazole Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204677. [PMID: 33066333 PMCID: PMC7587361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-containing heterocycles continue to receive considerable attention due to their unique properties. In medicinal chemistry, the incorporation of fluorine in small molecules imparts a significant enhancement their biological activities compared to non-fluorinated molecules. In this short review, we will highlight the importance of incorporating fluorine as a basic appendage in benzothiazole and benzimidazole skeletons. The chemistry and pharmacological activities of heterocycles containing fluorine during the past years are compiled and discussed.
Collapse
|
3
|
Pathak N, Rathi E, Kumar N, Kini SG, Rao CM. A Review on Anticancer Potentials of Benzothiazole Derivatives. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:12-23. [PMID: 31288719 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190617153213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Benzothiazole is an organic compound bearing a heterocyclic nucleus (thiazole) which imparts a broad spectrum of biological activities to it. The significant and potent activity of benzothiazole moiety influenced distinctively by nature and position of substitutions. This review summarizes the effect of various substituents in recent trends and approaches to design and develop novel benzothiazole derivatives for anticancer potential in different cell lines by interpreting the Structure- Activity Relationship (SAR) and mechanism of action of a wide range of derivatives. The list of derivatives is categorized into different groups and reviewed for their anticancer activity. The structure-activity relationship for the various derivatives revealed an excellent understanding of benzothiazole moiety in the field of cancer therapy against different cancer cell line. Data obtained from the various articles showed the potential effect of benzothiazole moiety and its derivatives to produce the peculiar and significant lead compound. The important anticancer mechanisms found are tyrosine kinase inhibition, topoisomerase inhibition and induction of apoptosis by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) activation. Therefore, the design and development of novel benzothiazole have broad scope in cancer chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Pathak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Ekta Rathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Suvarna G Kini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - C Mallikarjuna Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Benzoxazines as new human topoisomerase I inhibitors and potential poisons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 28:65-73. [PMID: 31832989 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The numbers of topoisomerase I targeted drugs on the market are very limited although they are used clinically for treatment of solid tumors. Hence, studies about finding new chemical structures which specifically target topoisomerase I are still remarkable. OBJECTIVES In this present study, we tested previously synthesized 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one derivatives to reveal their human DNA topoisomerase I inhibitory potentials. METHODS We investigated inhibitory activities of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one derivatives on human topoisomerase I by relaxation assay to clarify inhibition mechanisms of effective derivatives with EMSA and T4 DNA ligase based intercalation assay. With SAR study, it was tried to find out effective groups in the ring system. RESULTS While 10 compounds showed catalytic inhibitory activity, 8 compounds were found to be potential topoisomerase poisons. 4 of them also exhibited both activities. 2-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (BONC-001) was the most effective catalytic inhibitor (IC50:8.34 mM) and ethyl 6-chloro-4-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-acetate (BONC-013) was the strongest potential poison (IC50:0.0006 mM). BONC-013 was much more poisonous than camptothecin (IC50:0.034 mM). Intercalation assay showed that BONC-013 was not an intercalator and BONC-001 most probably prevented enzyme-substrate binding in an unknown way. Another important result of this study was that OH group instead of ethoxycarbonylmethyl group at R position of benzoxazine ring was important for hTopo I catalytic inhibition while the attachment of a methyl group of R1 position at R2 position were play a role for increasing of its poisonous effect. CONCLUSION As a result, we presented new DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors which might serve novel constructs for future anticancer agent designs. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gensicka-Kowalewska M, Cichorek M, Ronowska A, Deptuła M, Klejbor I, Dzierzbicka K. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Acridine/Acridone Analogs as Potential Anticancer Agents. Med Chem 2019; 15:729-737. [PMID: 30324889 DOI: 10.2174/1573406414666181015145120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of efficacious therapy for advanced melanoma and neuroblastoma makes new approaches necessary. Therefore, many scientists seek new, more effective, more selective and less toxic anticancer drugs. OBJECTIVE We propose the synthesis of the new functionalized analogs of 1-nitroacridine/4- nitroacridone connected to tuftsin/retro-tuftsin derivatives as potential anticancer agents. METHODS Acridine and acridone analogues were prepared by Ullmann condensation and then cyclization reaction. As a result of nucleophilic substitution reaction 1-nitro-9-phenoxyacridine or 1- chloro-4-nitro-9(10H)-acridone with the corresponding peptides, the planned acridine derivatives (10a-c, 12, 17-a-d, 19) have been obtained. The cytotoxic activity of the newly obtained analogs were evaluated against melanotic (Ma) and amelanotic (Ab) melanoma cell lines and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y by using the XTT method. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Among the investigated analogs compound 12 exhibited the highest potency comparable to dacarbazine action for amelanotic Ab melanoma cells. FLICA test (flurochrome-labeled inhibitors of caspases) showed that this analog significantly increased the content of cells with activated caspases (C+) among both neuroblastoma lines and only Ab melanoma line. Using phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization assay, 12 induced changes in the Ab melanoma plasma membrane structure as the externalization of phosphatidylserine (An+ cells). These changes in neuroblastoma cells were less pronounced. CONCLUSION Analog 12 could be proposed as the new potential chemotherapeutic against amelanotic melanoma form especially.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gensicka-Kowalewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St 11/12, PL 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mirosława Cichorek
- Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki St. 1, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Ronowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7 Bldg 27, PL-80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Milena Deptuła
- Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki St. 1, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ilona Klejbor
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki St. 1, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St 11/12, PL 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hassan AY, Sarg MT, Hussein EM. Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Activity of Novel Benzothiazole Analogues. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Y. Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls) Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Marwa T. Sarg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls) Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Ebtehal M. Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls) Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Al-Harthy T, Zoghaib WM, Stoll R, Abdel-Jalil R. Design, synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of novel 2-arylbenzothiazole analogs bearing fluorine and piperazine moieties. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-2088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
8
|
Öksüzoğlu E, Tırınoğlu Ç, Kerimoğlu B. The combined effects of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib with topoisomerase I and II inhibitors on topoisomerase enzymes. Turk J Med Sci 2016; 46:1882-1888. [PMID: 28081343 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1511-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM DNA topoisomerases are ubiquitous enzymes that regulate conformational changes in DNA topology during essential cellular processes, and, for this reason, have been characterized as the cellular targets of a number of anticancer drugs. Bortezomib is a powerful proteasome inhibitor used in the treatment of hematological malignancies. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of bortezomib on human topoisomerase I and II enzymes both alone and in combination modes with camptothecin and etoposide. MATERIALS AND METHODS The interactions of these drugs with topoisomerase enzymes were evaluated by relaxation assay in cell-free systems. IC50 values of the drugs on topoisomerase enzymes were calculated using the S probit analysis program. RESULTS Bortezomib showed a very weak inhibition effect on topoisomerase I (IC50 = 87.11 mM). On the other hand, it had a strong inhibitory effect on topoisomerase II (IC50 = 1.41 mM). Our results indicated that bortezomib is effective not only on proteasome but also on topoisomerase II. In addition, bortezomib possesses an increased synergistic effect when used in combination with camptothecin and etoposide than when used alone. CONCLUSION The results of this study point out that these data may build a framework for combination studies with bortezomib, camptothecin, and etoposide in the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Öksüzoğlu
- Molecular Biology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Çiydem Tırınoğlu
- Molecular Biology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Barış Kerimoğlu
- Molecular Biology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Synthesis, DNA/HSA Interaction Spectroscopic Studies and In Vitro Cytotoxicity of a New Mixed Ligand Cu(II) Complex. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:905-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Keri RS, Patil MR, Patil SA, Budagumpi S. A comprehensive review in current developments of benzothiazole-based molecules in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 89:207-51. [PMID: 25462241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazole (BTA) and its derivatives are the most important heterocyclic compounds, which are common and integral feature of a variety of natural products and pharmaceutical agents. BTA shows a variety of pharmacological properties, and its analogs offer a high degree of structural diversity that has proven useful for the search of new therapeutic agents. The broad spectrum of pharmacological activity in individual BTA derivative indicates that, this series of compounds is of an undoubted interest. The related research and developments in BTA-based medicinal chemistry have become a rapidly developing and increasingly active topic. Particularly, numerous BTA-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used in practice to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of BTA-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory, analgesic, anti-HIV, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antihistaminic, antimalarial and other medicinal agents. It is believed that, this review article is helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic BTA-based drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India.
| | - Mahadeo R Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddappa A Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aki-Yalcin E, Ertan-Bolelli T, Taskin-Tok T, Ozturk O, Ataei S, Ozen C, Yildiz I, Yalcin I. Evaluation of inhibitory effects of benzothiazole and 3-amino-benzothiazolium derivatives on DNA topoisomerase II by molecular modeling studies. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 25:637-649. [PMID: 25027467 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2014.923039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable interest in DNA topoisomerases over the last decade, as they have been shown to be one of the major cellular targets in anticancer drug development. Previously we synthesized some benzothiazole derivatives and corresponding benzothiazolium forms, and tested their DNA inhibitory activity to develop novel antitumor agents. Among the 12 prepared compounds, compound BM3 (3-aminobenzothiazole-3-ium 4-methylbenzene sulfonate) exhibited extreme topoisomerase II inhibitory activity compared with the reference drug etoposide. We also tried to determine the DNA and enzyme binding abilities of BM3 and found that BM3 acted on topoisomerase II first at low doses, while it had also showed DNA minor groove binding properties at higher doses. In this study the interactions between DNA topoisomerase II and the compounds were examined in detail by molecular modelling studies such as molecular docking and pharmacophore analysis performed using Discovery Studio 3.5. As a result, it was found that benzothiazolium compounds exhibited a totally different mechanism than benzothiazoles by binding to the different amino acids at the active site of the protein molecule. 3-Aminobenzothiazoliums are worthy of carrying onto anticancer studies; BM3 especially would be a good anticancer candidate for preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Aki-Yalcin
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li B, Gao CM, Sun QS, Li LL, Tan CY, Liu HX, Jiang YY. Novel synthetic acridine-based derivatives as topoisomerase I inhibitors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|