Microwave-assisted synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole derivatives and their antimicrobial activity

Microwave-assisted synthesis, molecular docking studies of 1,2,3-triazole-based carbazole derivatives as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer agents

Herein, a new series of N-substituted 1,2,3-triazolylmethyl indole derivatives 4(a-u) was synthesized by rationally incorporating a pharmacophoric active heterocyclic ring containing indole and triazole moieties in one molecular frame via the conventional and microwave irradiation methods. Briefly, the new compounds 4(a-u) were synthesized via the N-alkylation of tetrahydro-1H-carbazoles followed by click reaction and copper-catalyzed Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition in the presence of copper sulphate and sodium ascorbate with various aromatic azides 3(a-m). All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized via ¹H and ¹³C NMR, mass, and IR spectroscopy and evaluated for their antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Among the synthesized compounds, 4d, 4j, 4n, 4p, 4s and 4r were found to exhibit good antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer activities. The biological activity of the synthesized compounds was further supplemented by molecular docking studies against the target receptors caspase-3 and 17-beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase type 1, revealing that the reported structures best fit into the active site pocket of the target molecules.

Exploring the Synergistic Anticancer Potential of Benzofuran-Oxadiazoles and Triazoles: Improved Ultrasound- and Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Molecular Docking, Hemolytic, Thrombolytic and Anticancer Evaluation of Furan-Based Molecules

Ultrasound- and microwave-assisted green synthetic strategies were applied to furnish benzofuran–oxadiazole 5a–g and benzofuran–triazole 7a–h derivatives in good to excellent yields (60–96%), in comparison with conventional methods (36–80% yield). These synthesized derivatives were screened for hemolysis, thrombolysis and anticancer therapeutic potential against an A549 lung cancer cell line using an MTT assay. Derivatives 7b (0.1%) and 5e (0.5%) showed the least toxicity against RBCs. Hybrid 7f showed excellent thrombolysis activity (61.4%) when compared against reference ABTS. The highest anticancer activity was displayed by the 5d structural hybridwith cell viability 27.49 ± 1.90 and IC₅₀ 6.3 ± 0.7 μM values, which were considerably lower than the reference drug crizotinib (IC₅₀ 8.54 ± 0.84 μM). Conformational analysis revealed the spatial arrangement of compound 5d, which demonstrated its significant potency in comparison with crizotinib; therefore, scaffold 5d would be a promising anticancer agent on the basis of cytotoxicity studies, as well as in silico modeling studies.

The potential of click reactions for the synthesis of bioactive triterpenes

Click reactions between alkynes and azides using the privileged scaffold of triterpenes have been of interest for biological chemistry. Many publications deal with the synthesis of novel bioactive molecules; these conjugates have also been used for bioanalytical and diagnostic purposes. As a result, conjugates of better physicochemical properties were obtained; even compounds of improved solubility in water and physiological fluids were made through the introduction of a triazol residue. "Hybrid-structures", i.e. molecules consisting of two independently bioactive subunits linked by a triazole residue were higher bioactive than their parent compounds but not as active as expected, and with a few exceptions the ultimate breakthrough has not yet been achieved. Only in the synthesis of compounds with anti-leishmanial activity some new and promising lead structures were found. As a consequence, triazole modified triterpenes seem to hold their greatest future prospect rather as diagnostic reagents and molecular probes than as drugs.

Microwave-assisted synthesis, antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation of 2-indolinone-based bis-1,2,3-triazole derivatives

A series of 2-indolinone-based bis-1,2,3-triazole derivatives have been synthesized in excellent yields via microwave-assisted, copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction of O-, N-propargylated indolinone derivatives with in situ generated organic azides. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated by DPPH, NO and [Formula: see text] radical scavenging methods. Among the compounds screened for antioxidant activity, compounds 5e, 5f and 5o showed excellent radical scavenging activity more than the standard drugs ascorbic acid and BHT. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial and fungal strains. Compounds 5g, 5h, 5n, 5q and 5r were found to be the most promising microbial growth inhibitory molecules.

Design, synthesis, molecular-docking and antimycobacterial evaluation of some novel 1,2,3-triazolyl xanthenones

As part of an ongoing effort to develop new antitubercular and antimicrobial agents, a series of substituted xanthenone derivatives (7a-p) were synthesized. Xanthenone derivatives (7a-p) were prepared via a one-pot three-component thermal cyclization reaction of β-naphthol (5), substituted 1-aryl-1H-[1,2,3]triazole-4-carbaldehydes (4a-h), and cyclic-1,3-diones (6a, b) in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, mass spectral data, and elemental analysis. These compounds (4a-h and 7a-p) were screened for in vitro antitubercular activity against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) strain, for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, and for antifungal activity against a pathogenic strain of fungi. Among the compounds tested, most of them showed good to excellent antimicrobial and antitubercular activity. The active compounds displaying good potency in the MTB were further examined for toxicity in a HEK cell line. In addition, the structure and antitubercular activity relationship were further supported by in silico molecular-docking studies of the active compounds against the pantothenate synthetase (PS) enzyme of M. tuberculosis.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of bis(N-substituted thiazol-2-amine) derivatives and their biological activities

New 4,4′-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3-phenylene)-bis(

An ionic liquid promoted approach to bitriazolyl compounds as succinate–ubiquinone oxidoreductase inhibitors

Bitriazolyl compounds, a novel skeleton that is totally different from existing commercialized SQR-inhibiting fungicides, could provide a new lead for further development of SQR inhibitors.