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Petkova ZS, Rusew RI, Shivachev BL, Kurteva VB. Functionalization of 2-Mercapto-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole: 2-(ω-Haloalkylthio) Thiadiazoles vs. Symmetrical Bis-Thiadiazoles. Molecules 2024; 29:1938. [PMID: 38731428 PMCID: PMC11085375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A study on the functionalisation of 2-mercapto-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole has been conducted, yielding two series of products: 2-(ω-haloalkylthio)thiadiazoles and symmetrical bis-thiadiazoles, with variable chain lengths. The experimental conditions were optimised for each class of compounds by altering the base used and the reagents' proportions, leading to the development of separate protocols tailored to their specific reactivity and purification needs. The target halogenide reagents and bis-thiadiazole ligands were obtained either as single products or as mixtures easily separable by chromatography. Characterisation of the products was performed using 1D and 2D NMR spectra in solution, complemented by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) for selected samples, to elucidate their structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanina S. Petkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Rusi I. Rusew
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography “Acad. Ivan Kostov”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 107, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Boris L. Shivachev
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography “Acad. Ivan Kostov”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 107, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Vanya B. Kurteva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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2
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Ahadi H, Shokrzadeh M, Hosseini-Khah Z, Ghassemi Barghi N, Ghasemian M, Emami S. Conversion of antibacterial quinolone drug levofloxacin to potent cytotoxic agents. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023:e23334. [PMID: 36843476 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Levofloxacin, the optical S-(-) isomer of ofloxacin, is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent widely used to control various infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. While the COOH group is necessary for antibacterial activity, its modification can offer anticancer activity to the fluoroquinolone framework. Therefore, several levofloxacin carboxamides 11a-j and 12 containing 5-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole residue were synthesized and screened in vitro for their anticancer activity. The in vitro MTT viability assay revealed that the most compounds had significant activity against cancer cells MCF-7, A549, and SKOV3. In particular, the 3-chloro- and 4-fluoro- benzyl derivatives (11b and 11h), with IC50 values of 1.69-4.76 μM were as potent as or better than doxorubicin. It should be noted that the mother quinolone levofloxacin showed no activity on the tested cancer cell lines. The SAR analysis demonstrated that the 3-chloro or 4-fluoro substituent on the S-benzyl moiety had positive effect on the activity. Further in vitro evaluations of the most promising compounds 11b and 11h by flow cytometric analysis and comet test revealed the ability of compounds in the induction of apoptosis and blockage of the cell proliferation at the G1-phase by nuclear fragmentation and DNA degradation in cancer cells. The obtained results demonstrated that the alteration of 6-COOH functional group in the levofloxacin structure and conjugation with a proper heterocyclic pharmacophore is a good strategy to obtain new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Ahadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseini-Khah
- Diabetes Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ghassemi Barghi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Majid Ghasemian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Gültekin E, Bekircan O, Kara Y, Güler Hİ, Soylu MS, Kolaylı S. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole-5-thione derivatives bearing 2-pentyl-5-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-one ring: Synthesis, molecular docking, urease inhibition, and crystal structure. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200355. [PMID: 36316247 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole (40a-o) and 1,2,4-triazole-5-thione (41a-l) derivatives bearing a 2-pentyl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-one ring were synthesized and then studied for their urease inhibitory activities using thiourea as a standard drug. Among the two groups, the first group (40a-o) did not show good activity while the second group (41a-l) showed excellent activity. Compound 41j (1091.24 ± 14.02 µM) of the second series of compounds showed lower activity than thiourea, while the remaining 11 compounds (41a-i, k, and l) showed better activity than thiourea (183.92 ± 13.14 µM). Among the 11 compounds, 41b (15.96 ± 2.28 µM) having the 3-F group on the phenyl ring showed the highest inhibitory activity. Urease kinetic studies of 41b, which is the most active compound, determined it to have an un-competitive inhibition potential. Moreover, in silico analysis against urease from jack bean with 27 new heterocyclic compounds and the reference molecule was carried out to see the necessary interactions responsible for urease activity. The docking calculations of all compounds supported stronger binding to the receptor than the reference molecule, with high inhibition constants. In addition, compound 40m was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. X-ray analysis reveals that the structures of the compound 40m crystallize in the monoclinic P21/c space group with the cell parameters: a = 10.2155(9) Å, b = 22.1709(18) Å, c = 21.4858(17) Å, β = 99.677(8)°, V = 4797.0(7) Å3 . X-ray diffraction analyses were also performed to gain insights into the role of weak intermolecular interactions and C-H…X (halogen) interactions in compound 40m that influence the crystal packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergün Gültekin
- Science Technology Research and Application Center, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Olcay Bekircan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Yakup Kara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Halil İbrahim Güler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Serkan Soylu
- Department of Physics, Art and Science Faculty, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Kolaylı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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4
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Verma D, Sharma S, Sahni T, Kaur H, Kaur S. Designing, antifungal and structure activity relationship studies of Azomethines and β-lactam derivatives of aza heterocyclic amines. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Antiproliferative-antimicrobial properties and structural analysis of newly synthesized Schiff bases derived from some 1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6
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Janowska S, Paneth A, Wujec M. Cytotoxic Properties of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives-A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184309. [PMID: 32962192 PMCID: PMC7570754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent years, small molecules containing five-member heterocyclic moieties have become the subject of considerable growing interest for designing new antitumor agents. One of them is 1,3,4-thiadiazole. This study is an attempt to collect the 1,3,4-thiadiazole and its derivatives, which can be considered as potential anticancer agents, reported in the literature in the last ten years.
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7
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Synthesis and anticancer activity evaluation of novel oxacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidine derivatives. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Rayam P, Polkam N, Kummari B, Banothu V, Gandamalla D, Yellu NR, Anireddy JS. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Ibuprofen‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐1,2,3‐triazole Hybrids. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parsharamulu Rayam
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, ISTJawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad Kukatpally Hyderabad Telangana State 500085 India
| | - Naveen Polkam
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, ISTJawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad Kukatpally Hyderabad Telangana State 500085 India
| | - Bhaskar Kummari
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, ISTJawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad Kukatpally Hyderabad Telangana State 500085 India
| | - Venkanna Banothu
- Department of BiotechnologyIST, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana State 500085 India
| | - Durgaiah Gandamalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, UCPScKakatiya University Warangal Telangana State 506009 India
| | - Narsimha Reddy Yellu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, UCPScKakatiya University Warangal Telangana State 506009 India
| | - Jaya Shree Anireddy
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, ISTJawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad Kukatpally Hyderabad Telangana State 500085 India
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Nematollahi D, Namdar A, Momeni S. Cyclic voltammetry-assisted mechanistic evaluation of sulfonamide synthesis. A simple and green method for the synthesis of N-(1-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Computational evaluation of 2-amino-5-sulphonamido-1,3,4-thiadiazoles as human carbonic anhydrase-IX inhibitors: an insight into the structural requirement for the anticancer activity against HEK 293. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Tiwari SV, Siddiqui S, Seijas JA, Vazquez-Tato MP, Sarkate AP, Lokwani DK, Nikalje APG. Microwave-Assisted Facile Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation and Docking Study of N-((5-(Substituted methylene amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methyl) Benzamide Derivatives. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060995. [PMID: 28617341 PMCID: PMC6152631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, 12 novel Schiff’s bases containing a thiadiazole scaffold and benzamide groups coupled through appropriate pharmacophore were synthesized. These moieties are associated with important biological properties. A facile, solvent-free synthesis of a series of novel 7(a–l) N-((5-(substituted methylene amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methyl) benzamide was carried out under microwave irradiation. Structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, NMR, mass spectral study and elemental analysis. All the synthesized hybrids were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against a panel of four human cancer cell lines, viz. SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), HL-60 (leukemia), HeLa (cervical cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer) and normal breast epithelial cell (MCF-10A) using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited promising anticancer activity, showed comparable GI50 values comparable to that of the standard drug Adriamycin. The compounds 7k, 7l, 7b, and 7a were found to be the most promising anticancer agents in this study. A molecular docking study was performed to predict the probable mechanism of action and computational study of the synthesized compounds 7(a–l) was performed to predict absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) properties, by using QikProp v3.5 (Schrödinger LLC). The results showed the good oral drug-like behavior of the synthesized compounds 7(a–l).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailee V Tiwari
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Bagh, Maharashtra, Aurangabad 431001, India.
| | - Sumaiya Siddiqui
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Bagh, Maharashtra, Aurangabad 431001, India.
| | - Julio A Seijas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad of Santiago De Compostela, Alfonso X el Sabio, Lugo 27002, Spain.
| | - M Pilar Vazquez-Tato
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad of Santiago De Compostela, Alfonso X el Sabio, Lugo 27002, Spain.
| | - Aniket P Sarkate
- Department of Chemical Technology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Maharashtra, Aurangabad 431004, India.
| | - Deepak K Lokwani
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Bagh, Maharashtra, Aurangabad 431001, India.
| | - Anna Pratima G Nikalje
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Bagh, Maharashtra, Aurangabad 431001, India.
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12
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Malakyan M, Babayan N, Grigoryan R, Sarkisyan N, Tonoyan V, Tadevosyan D, Matosyan V, Aroutiounian R, Arakelyan A. Synthesis, characterization and toxicity studies of pyridinecarboxaldehydes and L-tryptophan derived Schiff bases and corresponding copper (II) complexes. F1000Res 2016; 5:1921. [PMID: 28344771 PMCID: PMC5333612 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9226.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schiff bases and their metal-complexes are versatile compounds exhibiting a broad range of biological activities and thus actively used in the drug development process. The aim of the present study was the synthesis and characterization of new Schiff bases and their copper (II) complexes, derived from L-tryptophan and isomeric (2-; 3-; 4-) pyridinecarboxaldehydes, as well as the assessment of their toxicity
in vitro. The optimal conditions of the Schiff base synthesis resulting in up to 75-85% yield of target products were identified. The structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that the location of the carboxaldehyde group at 2-, 3- or 4-position with regard to nitrogen of the pyridine ring in aldehyde component of the L-tryptophan derivative Schiff bases and corresponding copper complexes essentially change the biological activity of the compounds. The carboxaldehyde group at 2- and 4-positions leads to the higher cytotoxic activity, than that of at 3-position, and the presence of the copper in the complexes increases the cytotoxicity. Based on toxicity classification data, the compounds with non-toxic profile were identified, which can be used as new entities in the drug development process using Schiff base scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Malakyan
- Scientific Centre of Radiation Medicine and Burns, Ministry of Health, Yerevan, 0054, Armenia; Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
| | - Nelly Babayan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia; Yerevan State University, Ministry of Education and Science, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Ruzanna Grigoryan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
| | - Natalya Sarkisyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
| | - Vahan Tonoyan
- Scientific Centre of Radiation Medicine and Burns, Ministry of Health, Yerevan, 0054, Armenia; Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
| | - Davit Tadevosyan
- Scientific Centre of Radiation Medicine and Burns, Ministry of Health, Yerevan, 0054, Armenia; Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
| | - Vladimir Matosyan
- Scientific Centre of Radiation Medicine and Burns, Ministry of Health, Yerevan, 0054, Armenia; Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
| | - Rouben Aroutiounian
- Yerevan State University, Ministry of Education and Science, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Arsen Arakelyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
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Synthesis and evaluation of the trypanocidal activity of a series of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles derivatives of R-(+)-limonene benzaldehyde-thiosemicarbazones. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Polkam N, Rayam P, Anireddy JS, Yennam S, Anantaraju HS, Dharmarajan S, Perumal Y, Kotapalli SS, Ummanni R, Balasubramanian S. Synthesis, in vitro anticancer and antimycobacterial evaluation of new 5-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amino derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1398-402. [PMID: 25765907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives 5a-5l, 7a-7e and 9 have been synthesised and screened for in vitro antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis MC-155. In addition these compounds have also been screened for cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines HT-29, MDA-MB-231 by MTT colorimetric assay. The compounds are well characterized by spectral analysis viz. (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, FT-IR, mass and HRMS. Screening results indicate that compounds 5g, 7a possess good antitubercular activity with MIC value 65.74 and 40.86, respectively, compounds 5g, 7a, 7b, 7d, 7e and 9 displayed promising cytotoxic activity against the cell lines tested. 5g and 7a stand out to be potent antimycobacterial and anticancer agents among the tested series. Further the title compounds were also tested on human normal cells HEK293T and are found to be safer with lesser cytotoxicity. It is interesting to observe that compound 5g has come out to be safer, potent anticancer and antimycobacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Polkam
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, IST, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, T.S., India
| | - Parsharamulu Rayam
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, IST, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, T.S., India
| | - Jaya Shree Anireddy
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, IST, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, T.S., India.
| | - Satyanarayana Yennam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd, IDA, Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, T.S., India
| | - Hasitha Shilpa Anantaraju
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar 500078, T.S., India
| | - Sriram Dharmarajan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar 500078, T.S., India
| | - Yogeeswari Perumal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar 500078, T.S., India
| | - Sudha Sravanti Kotapalli
- Center for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, T.S., India
| | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Center for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, T.S., India
| | - Sridhar Balasubramanian
- Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, T.S., India
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