1
|
Waris A, Asim M, Ullah A, Alhumaydhi FA. Various pharmacological agents in the pipeline against intractable epilepsy. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400229. [PMID: 38767508 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a noncommunicable chronic neurological disorder affecting people of all ages, with the highest prevalence in low and middle-income countries. Despite the pharmacological armamentarium, the plethora of drugs in the market, and other treatment options, 30%-35% of individuals still show resistance to the current medication, termed intractable epilepsy/drug resistance epilepsy, which contributes to 50% of the mortalities due to epilepsy. Therefore, the development of new drugs and agents is needed to manage this devastating epilepsy. We reviewed the pipeline of drugs in "ClinicalTrials. gov," which is the federal registry of clinical trials to identify drugs and other treatment options in various phases against intractable epilepsy. A total of 31 clinical trials were found regarding intractable epilepsy. Among them, 48.4% (15) are about pharmacological agents, of which 26.6% are in Phase 1, 60% are in Phase 2, and 13.3% are in Phase 3. The mechanism of action or targets of the majority of these agents are different and are more diversified than those of the approved drugs. In this article, we summarized various pharmacological agents in clinical trials, their backgrounds, targets, and mechanisms of action for the treatment of intractable epilepsy. Treatment options other than pharmacological ones, such as devices for brain stimulation, ketogenic diets, gene therapy, and others, are also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Department of Neurosciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health (CRMH), Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ata Ullah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Doraghi F, Morshedsolouk MH, Zahedi NA, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. Phthalimides: developments in synthesis and functionalization. RSC Adv 2024; 14:22809-22827. [PMID: 39035712 PMCID: PMC11259108 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03859b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Phthalimides, an important class of biologically active N-heterocycles, are not only found in pharmaceuticals, natural products, agrochemicals, polymers, and dyes, but also serve as building blocks in organic transformations. Many synthetic methods, including metal catalysis and metal-free systems, have been developed to prepare functionalized phthalimides. In this review, we describe the developments in the synthesis and functionalization of phthalimides over the past two decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Doraghi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Morshedsolouk
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Nawrooz Ali Zahedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ghazni University Ghazni Afghanistan
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tabatabaei Rafiei LS, Asadi M, Hosseini FS, Amanlou A, Biglar M, Amanlou M. Synthesis and Evaluation of Anti-Epileptic Properties of New Phthalimide-4,5-Dihydrothiazole-Amide Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1776345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Sadat Tabatabaei Rafiei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Asadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Amanlou
- Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Biglar
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sankhe SS, Chindarkar NR. Synthesis, characterization and biological activity evaluation of new 3- methyl and 4- fluoro isoindoline-1, 3-dione/phthalimide analogues. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Kiminejad Malaie P, Asadi M, Sadat Hosseini F, Biglar M, Amanlou M. Synthesis, in Vivo and in Silico Studies of N-Aryl-4-(1,3-Dioxoisoindolin-2-Yl)Benzamides as an Anticonvulsant Agent. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2019.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: These days epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, which can affect on quality of life by unpredictable seizure. Thalidomide is one of the drugs to control the epilepsy but side effects such as teratogenicity, made it difficult to use. Methods: Six new analogues of N-aryl-4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)benzamides were synthesized and tested for anti-seizure activity. To evaluate the anti-seizure activity of these new derivatives, 40 mice in 8 groups were received 10 mg/Kg of each new derivatives 30 min before the injection of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 70 mg/kg) to induced seizures. Latency time to first symptom of seizure was measured and compared to vehicle and standard groups. Docking methodology was applied to study on mode of interaction between GABAA receptor and synthetized compounds. Results: Structures of the all synthesized compounds were confirmed by NMR and mass spectroscopy. The latency time and mortality rate were individually measured for an hour after injection of pentylenetetrazole. Docking study revealed that synthesized compounds and thalidomide interact in similar conformation with GABAA receptor. Conclusion: The experimental and docking results were found in good correlation and demonstrated that the most active compound (5a), with 3,4-dimethylphenyl residue increased the duration of seizure inhibition threshold in comparison with thalidomide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kiminejad Malaie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Asadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Biglar
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Asadi M, Ebrahimi M, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Azizian H, Sepehri S, Nadri H, Biglar M, Amanlou M, Larijani B, Mirzazadeh R, Edraki N, Mahdavi M. Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Potential of Phthalimide-Dithiocarbamate Hybrids as New Agents for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900370. [PMID: 31523926 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of phthalimide-dithiocarbamate hybrids was synthesized and evaluated for in vitro inhibitory potentials against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). The anti-cholinesterase results indicated that among the synthesized compounds, the compounds 7g and 7h showed the most potent anti-AChE and anti-BuChE activities, respectively. Molecular docking and dynamic studies of the compounds 7g and 7h, respectively, in the active site of AChE and BuChE revealed that these compounds as well interacted with studied cholinesterases. These compounds also possessed drug-like properties and were able to cross the BBB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Asadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417653761, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ebrahimi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417653761, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 4717647745, Iran
| | - Homa Azizian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14665354, Iran
| | - Saghi Sepehri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618953141, Iran
| | - Hamid Nadri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 8915173160, Iran
| | - Mahmood Biglar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417653761, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417653761, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417653761, Iran
| | - Roghieh Mirzazadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7134853734, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417653761, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pańczyk K, Żelaszczyk D, Koczurkiewicz P, Słoczyńska K, Pękala E, Żesławska E, Nitek W, Żmudzki P, Marona H, Waszkielewicz A. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of phenoxyacetyl derivatives of amines, including aminoalkanols and amino acids. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1933-1948. [PMID: 30568761 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00430g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of 17 new phenoxyacetamides has been prepared via multistep chemical synthesis as a continuation of the research carried out by our group on di- and tri-substituted phenoxyalkyl and phenoxyacetyl derivatives of amines. The obtained compounds vary in an amide component, for example aminoalkanol or (un)modified amino acid moieties were introduced. The structures of selected products were confirmed by means of crystallographic methods. All 17 compounds were the subject of preliminary screening for potential anticonvulsant activity (MES, 6 Hz and/or scMET tests) and neurotoxicity (rotarod) in mice after intraperitoneal administration, while several active compounds were subsequently examined in additional models (e.g. MES and rotarod - rats, p.o. or i.p., hippocampal kindling - rats, i.p.). Finally, safety studies (cytotoxicity and cell proliferation assays on astrocytes, metabolic stability assessment, mutagenicity evaluation) were performed for several active compounds, including the most promising one (R-(-)-2-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-N-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)acetamide, MES ED50 = 12.00 mg per kg b.w., rats, p.o.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pańczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Chair of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Medyczna 9 , 30-688 Cracow , Poland .
| | - Dorota Żelaszczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Chair of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Medyczna 9 , 30-688 Cracow , Poland .
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Medyczna 9 , 30-688 Cracow , Poland
| | - Karolina Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Medyczna 9 , 30-688 Cracow , Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Medyczna 9 , 30-688 Cracow , Poland
| | - Ewa Żesławska
- Department of Chemistry , Institute of Biology , Pedagogical University , Podchorążych 2 , 30-084 Cracow , Poland
| | - Wojciech Nitek
- Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , 30-387 Cracow , Poland
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Medyczna 9 , 30-688 Cracow , Poland
| | - Henryk Marona
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Chair of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Medyczna 9 , 30-688 Cracow , Poland .
| | - Anna Waszkielewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Chair of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Medyczna 9 , 30-688 Cracow , Poland .
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Habibi D, Pordanjani HM. Phthalimide-N-sulfonic acid, an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of various isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Özbek O, Usta NC, Gürdere MB, Aslan ON, Budak Y, Ceylan M. Synthesis and antibacterial screening of novel 2-(4-(aryl) thiazol-2-yl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-ethanoisoindole-1,3(2H)-dione derivatives. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2017.1354209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Özbek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Necibe Canan Usta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Meliha Burcu Gürdere
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Osman Nuri Aslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Yakup Budak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ceylan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
An efficient synthesis of N-substituted phthalimides using SiO2-tpy-Nb as heterogeneous and reusable catalyst. CATAL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
|
11
|
De Sarkar S, Ackermann L. Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed CH Activation with Isocyanates: A Versatile Route to Phthalimides. Chemistry 2014; 20:13932-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman De Sarkar
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 551‐39‐6777
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 551‐39‐6777
| |
Collapse
|