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Hou W, Dai W, Huang H, Liu SL, Liu J, Huang LJ, Huang XH, Zeng JL, Gan ZW, Zhang ZY, Lan JX. Pharmacological activity and mechanism of pyrazines. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115544. [PMID: 37300915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterocycles are common in the structure of drugs used clinically to deal with diseases. Such drugs usually contain nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, which possess electron-accepting capacity and can form hydrogen bonds. These properties often bring enhanced target binding ability to these compounds when compared to alkanes. Pyrazine is a nitrogen-containing six-membered heterocyclic ring and many of its derivatives are identified as bioactive molecules. We review here the most active pyrazine compounds in terms of their structure, activity in vitro and in vivo (mainly antitumor activity) and the reported mechanisms of action. References have been downloaded through Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and SciFinder Scholar. Publications reporting only the chemistry of pyrazine derivatives are beyond the scope of this review and have not been included. We found that compounds in which a pyrazine ring was fused into other heterocycles especially pyrrole or imidazole were the highly studied pyrazine derivatives, whose antineoplastic activity had been widely investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review of pyrazine derivatives and their bioactivity, especially their antitumor activity. This review should be useful for those engaged in development of medications based on heterocyclic compounds especially those based on pyrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Sheng-Lan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Le-Jun Huang
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Xian-Hua Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jun-Lin Zeng
- HuanKui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wei Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jin-Xia Lan
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China.
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2
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Suryawanshi MR, Kanhed AM, Kulkarni VM, Bhosale SH, Yadav MR. Design, synthesis, and computational studies of phenylacetamides as antidepressant agents. Mol Divers 2022; 26:3157-3172. [PMID: 35128584 PMCID: PMC8818363 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, a hit molecule obtained from zinc ‘clean drug-like database’ by systematically performed computational studies was modified chemically to obtain different derivatives (VS1–VS25). Structures of synthesized derivatives were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 13C-DEPT, MS, and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were biologically evaluated for their antidepressant activity by using tail suspension test and forced swimming test in albino mice. All these derivatives showed moderate to good antidepressant activity. The most potent compound (VS25) among the synthesized compounds showed better antidepressant potential than the standard drugs moclobemide, imipramine, and fluoxetine. To understand the time-dependent interactions of this most active compound with MAO-A molecular dynamics was carried out and reported here. Additionally, acute oral toxicity was performed for the most active compound as per OECD guidelines.
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3
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Pal P, Gandhi HP, Kanhed AM, Patel NR, Mankadia NN, Baldha SN, Barmade MA, Murumkar PR, Yadav MR. Vicinal diaryl azole-based urea derivatives as potential cholesterol lowering agents acting through inhibition of SOAT enzymes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 130:107-123. [PMID: 28242547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of vicinal diaryl azole-urea derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their potential to inhibit SOAT enzyme. Among the reported compounds, compound (12d) emerged as the most potent compound with an IC50 value of 2.43 μM. In polaxamer-407 induced lipoprotein lipase inhibition model, compound (12d) reduced triglyceride turnover in vivo. Compound (12d) also showed dose-dependent prevention of serum total cholesterol and prevention of LDL-C elevation at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Furthermore, compound (12d) showed potential to stop falling levels of serum HDL-C dose-dependently and improved the atherogenic index. Effect of 12d on body weight, plaque formation and development of atherogenic lesions were studied. Toxicological study of compound (12d) indicated that at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, 12d was devoid of any signs of toxicity or mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palash Pal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390001, India
| | - Hardik P Gandhi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390001, India
| | - Ashish M Kanhed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390001, India
| | - Nirali R Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390001, India
| | - Niraj N Mankadia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390001, India
| | - Satish N Baldha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390001, India
| | - Mahesh A Barmade
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390001, India
| | - Prashant R Murumkar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390001, India
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390001, India.
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4
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Agrawal N, Machhi J, Rathwa V, Kanhed AM, Patel S, Murumkar P, Gandhi H, Yadav MR. Exploration of 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline derivatives as dual acting α 1- and AT 1-receptor antagonists: synthesis, evaluation, pharmacophore & 3D-QSAR modeling and receptor docking studies. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00589f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline scaffold was further explored to provide dual acting α1- and AT1-receptor antagonists by synthesizing a series of derivatives and biologically evaluating the newly synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetesh Agrawal
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara – 390001
- India
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara – 390001
- India
| | - Virendra Rathwa
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara – 390001
- India
| | - Ashish M. Kanhed
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara – 390001
- India
| | - Sagar Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara – 390001
- India
| | - Prashant Murumkar
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara – 390001
- India
| | - Hardik Gandhi
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara – 390001
- India
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara – 390001
- India
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5
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Kanhed AM, Dash RC, Parmar N, Das TK, Giridhar R, Yadav MR. Benzo[e]pyrimido[5,4-b][1,4]diazepin-6(11H)-one derivatives as Aurora A kinase inhibitors: LQTA-QSAR analysis and detailed systematic validation of the developed model. Mol Divers 2015; 19:965-74. [PMID: 26183841 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aurora kinases are sub-divided into Aurora A, Aurora B, and Aurora C kinases that are considered as prospective targets for a new class of anticancer drugs. In this work, a 4-D-QSAR model using an LQTA-QSAR approach with previously reported 31 derivatives of benzo[e]pyrimido[5,4 -b][1,4]diazepin -6(11H)-one as potent Aurora kinase A inhibitors has been created. Instead of single conformation, the conformational ensemble profile generated for each ligand by using trajectories and topology information retrieved from molecular dynamics simulations from GROMACS package were aligned and used for the calculation of intermolecular interaction energies at each grid point. The descriptors generated on the basis of these Coulomb and Lennard-Jones potentials as independent variables were used to perform a PLS analysis using biological activity as dependent variable. A good predictive model was generated with nine field descriptors and five latent variables. The model showed [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. This model was further validated systematically by using different validation parameters. This 4D-QSAR model gave valuable information to recognize features essential to adapt and develop novel potential Aurora kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish M Kanhed
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Kalabhavan, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India
| | - Radha Charan Dash
- Visiting Research Associate to Pharmacy Department, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India
| | - Nishant Parmar
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Das
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India
| | - Rajani Giridhar
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Kalabhavan, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Kalabhavan, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India.
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6
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Zambre VP, Hambarde VA, Petkar NN, Patel CN, Sawant SD. Structural investigations by in silico modeling for designing NR2B subunit selective NMDA receptor antagonists. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, structural requirements for optimization of NR2B subunit selective NMDA receptor antagonists are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal P. Zambre
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune
- India
| | - Varsha A. Hambarde
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune
- India
| | - Nilesh N. Petkar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune
- India
| | - Chinmay N. Patel
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune
- India
| | - Sanjay D. Sawant
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune
- India
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