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Jambor T, Greifova H, Kovacik A, Kovacikova E, Massanyi P, Forgacs Z, Lukac N. Identification of in vitro effect of 4-octylphenol on the basal and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulated secretion of androgens and superoxide radicals in mouse Leydig cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 54:759-767. [PMID: 30925854 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1592533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our in vitro study was to assess the potential effect of 4-octylphenol (4-OP) on the basal and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated cholesterol levels and biosynthesis of steroid hormones in cultured mouse Leydig cells. In addition, we evaluated the intracellular superoxide production following 4-OP treatment. Isolated mouse Leydig cells were cultured in the presence or absence of 1 IU/mL (hCG) with the addition of 0.04; 0.2; 1.0; 2.5 and 5.0 µg/mL 4-OP during 44 h. The level of cholesterol was determined from the culture medium using photometry. Quantification of steroid hormones was performed by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and intracellular generation of superoxide radicals was assessed by the nitroblue-tetrazolium assay. Administered concentrations of 4-OP (0.04-5.0 µg/mL) did not affect basal and hCG-stimulated cholesterol level significantly. However, basal DHEA secretion was increased significantly (P < 0.001) in the highest experimental dose (5 µg/mL) of 4-OP. By hCG-stimulated DHEA secretion, a significant (P < 0.001) decrease was recorded at 5.0 µg/mL 4-OP in comparison to the control group. The stimulatory effect of 4-OP was also confirmed in androstenedione secretion, when 2.5 and 5.0 µg/mL increased hormone secretion significantly (P˂0.05; P˂0.001). Exposure to experimental concentrations (0.04 to 5.0 µg/mL) of tested chemical reduced hCG-stimulated androstenedione formation, but not significantly. Measurements of basal testosterone production have shown significant (P˂0.01; P˂0.001) increase at 1.0; 2.5 and 5.0 µg/mL of 4-OP. Furthermore, 44 h treatment by 4-OP (1.0-5.0 µg/mL) caused significant (P˂0.01; P˂0.001) intracellular accumulation of superoxide radicals in exposed cells. A considerably more detailed and systematic research is required for a better understanding of risks associated with male reproductive system in humans and wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jambor
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Hana Greifova
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Anton Kovacik
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Kovacikova
- b AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Massanyi
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | | | - Norbert Lukac
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
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Khanam R, Hejazi II, Shahabuddin S, Bhat AR, Athar F. Pharmacokinetic evaluation, molecular docking and in vitro biological evaluation of 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives as potent antioxidants and STAT3 inhibitors. J Pharm Anal 2018; 9:133-141. [PMID: 31011470 PMCID: PMC6460303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole derivatives (4a–5f) were previously synthesized to investigate their anticancer properties. However, studies relating to their antioxidant potential and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) inhibition have not been performed. We investigated previously synthesized 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives (4a–5f) for various radical scavenging properties using several in vitro antioxidant assays and also for direct inhibition of STAT3 through molecular docking. The data obtained from various antioxidant assays such as 2, 2,-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion radical revealed that among all the derivatives, compound 5e displayed high antioxidant activities than the standard antioxidant L-ascorbic acid. Additionally, the total reduction assay and antioxidant capacity assay further confirmed the antioxidant potential of compound 5e. Furthermore, the molecular docking studies performed for all derivatives along with the standard inhibitor STX-0119 showed that binding energy released in direct binding with the SH2 domain of STAT3 was the highest for compound 5e (-9.91kcal/mol). Through virtual screening, compound 5e was found to exhibit optimum competency in inhibiting STAT3 activity. Compound 5e decreased the activation of STAT3 as observed with Western blot. In brief, compound 5e was identified as a potent antioxidant agent and STAT3 inhibitor and effective agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmin Khanam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Iram I Hejazi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Syed Shahabuddin
- Research Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul R Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Pratap College, Cluster University, Srinagar 190001, India
| | - Fareeda Athar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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Ahmad K, Hafeez ZB, Bhat AR, Rizvi MA, Thakur SC, Azam A, Athar F. Antioxidant and apoptotic effects of Callistemon lanceolatus leaves and their compounds against human cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1195-1209. [PMID: 30119188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Callistemon lanceolatus (Myrtaceae) has been utilized in folk medicine and its pharmacological properties are widely studied. Phytochemicals are effectively recognized as bases of pharmacologically potent drugs for the development of anticancer therapeutics. The free radical scavenging potential of numerous extracts of C. lanceolatus leaves, Hexane leaf extract (HLE), Chloroform leaf extract (CLE), Ethyl acetate leaf extract (ELE), Methanol leaf extract (MLE), and Aqueous leaf extract (ALE)) were determined by Biochemical assay. We evaluated the anticancer activity of C. lanceolatus leaves extracts against different human cancer cell lines viz liver cancer cells (HepG2), breast cancer cells (MCF7), and normal human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cell line. The ELE and MLE extracts of C. lanceolatus leaves showed potential antiproliferative effects on HepG2 cells. On the basis of free radical scavenging potential and cytotoxicity studies, ELE and MLE extracts of C. lanceolatus leaves are further evaluated in detail for numerous biological activities. ELE and MLE extracts reduced the cell growth, ROS generation, lowering the potential of cell migration and inhibits the metastatic activity in HepG2 cell lines. ELE and MLE extracts treated HepG2 cells showed down-regulation of STAT3 and up-regulation of p53 and inhibition of cdk2 and cyclin A activity. Phytochemicals analysis have shown that the ELE and MLE possess some anticancer compounds like 4-Fluoro-2-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, neopentyl ester; fumaric acid, di(pent-4-en-2-yl) ester; 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one and 2-Furancarboxaldehyde,5-(hydroxymethyl). Molecular docking results demonstrate that interactions of compounds present in ELE and MLE extracts with the SH2 domain of STAT3, might be responsible for their inhibitory effects. We have further concluded that the ELE and MLE extracts of C. lanceolatus arrests the cells at S and G2/M phase and subsequently induced cell death by regulating the DNA damage in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (CIRBSc), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | | | - Abdul Roof Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Sripartap College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India
| | | | - Sonu C Thakur
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (CIRBSc), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Amir Azam
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Fareeda Athar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (CIRBSc), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Inhibitory growth evaluation and apoptosis induction in MCF-7 cancer cells by new 5-aryl-2-butylthio-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:1027-1042. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Singh P, Singh RS, Rani A, Bast F. Homology modeling of chemokine CCR7, molecular docking, and in vitro studies evidenced plausible immunotherapeutic anticancer natural compounds. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Evaluating anti-oxidant potential of ganoderic acid A in STAT 3 pathway in prostate cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:1411-1422. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gill BS, Navgeet, Kumar S. Ganoderic acid targeting multiple receptors in cancer: in silico and in vitro study. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14271-14290. [PMID: 27592256 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are transmembrane high-affinity surface receptors responsible for cell migration, adhesion, apoptosis, metabolism, and cell proliferation activities in various cancers. Minute aberration in the RTK signaling modulates the downstream signaling pathways that results in cancer. Ganoderic acid is a triterpene isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, which is renowned for its therapeutics effect, especially in cancer. The present study discusses receptor-based molecular docking of insulin receptor (IR), insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGFR-1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and estrogen receptor (ER) with 50 isoforms of ganoderic acid along with natural inhibitors. These receptors were assessed for toxicity (ADMET) by using Maestro 9.6 (Schrödinger Inc). The calculated docking free energy yielded an excellent dock score for the ganoderic acid when docked with proteins IR, IGFR-1, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and ER, suggesting its potential in combating cancer. Protein-ligand profile highlighted the binding interactions comprising lipophilic, hydrogen bonding, pi-pi stacking interactions, and noncovalent bonding which play a pivotal role in targeting cancer. In silico studies revealed structure of ganoderic acid A as best isoforms among 50 isoforms which exhibits biological activity in liver cancer cells. Ganoderic acids A significantly decrease the viability, proliferation, and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner in liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balraj Singh Gill
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Navgeet
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India. .,Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India.
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Singh P, Bast F. Screening of multi-targeted natural compounds for receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitors and biological evaluation on cancer cell lines, in silico and in vitro. Med Oncol 2015; 32:233. [PMID: 26298529 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Receptors for growth factors encompass within the superfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases and are known to regulate numerous biological processes including cellular growth, proliferation, metabolism, survival, cell differentiation and apoptosis. These receptors have recently caught the attention of the researchers as an attractive target to combat cancer owing to the evidence suggesting their over-expression in cancer cells. Therefore, we studied receptor-based molecular docking of IR (PDB; 3ETA), IGF1R (PDB; 1K3A), EGFR (PDB; 1M17), VEGFIR (PDB; 3HNG), and VEGFIIR (PDB; 2OH4) against natural compounds. Further, in vitro investigation of the biological effect of lead molecules in an array of cancer cell lines was done. All selected natural compounds were docked with the X-ray crystal structure of selected protein by employing GLIDE (Grid-based Ligand Docking with Energetics) Maestro 9.6. InterBioScreen natural compounds docked with each selected protein molecules by using GLIDE high throughput virtual screening. On the basis of Gscore, we select 20 compounds along with 68 anticancer compounds for GLIDE extra precision molecular docking. It was discovered in this study that compound epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) yielded magnificent Gscore with IGF1R (PDB; 1K3A) and VEGFIIR (PDB; 2OH4), and protein-ligand interactions are chart out. Effect of EGCG on biological activity such as mRNA expression of selected protein, cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and cell migration was reported after the 48 h treatments in cancer cell lines. The RT-PCR densitometric bands analysis showed that compound EGCG reduced the mRNA expression of IGF1R, VEGFIIR, and mTOR at 80 μM concentration. Moreover, EGCG significantly reduced cell proliferation and ROS generation after 48 h treatments. Our result also indicated a reduction in the potential for cell migration that might show in vivo anti-metastasis activity of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Singh
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
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Screening and biological evaluation of myricetin as a multiple target inhibitor insulin, epidermal growth factor, and androgen receptor; in silico and in vitro. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:575-93. [PMID: 25895100 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Myricetin is a naturally omnipresent benzo-α-pyrone flavonoids derivative; has potent anticancer activity. Receptor tyrosine kinases family provides the decisive role in cancer initiation and progression. These receptors have recently caught the attention of the researchers as an attractive target to combat cancer, owing to the evidences endorsed their over-expression on cancer cells. This study is a concerted effort to explore the potent and specific multi-targeted inhibitor against RTKs and AR\ER employing molecular docking approach. IR, IGF1R, EGFR, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and AR\ER were chosen as a protein and natural compounds as a ligand. Molecular docking procedure followed by using Maestro 9.6 (Schrödinger Inc). All natural compounds were docked with the X-ray crystal structures of selected proteins by employing grid-based ligand docking with energetics Maestro 9.6. IBS natural compounds docked with each selected protein molecules by using GLIDE high throughput virtual screening. On the basis of Gscore, we selected 20 compounds from IBS (50,000 compounds) along with 68 anticancer compounds from published literature for GLIDE extra precision molecular docking. Calculated docking free energy yielded the excellent dock score for the myricetin when docked with proteins EGFR, IR, and AR\ER. Protein-ligand interactions profile highlighted that the lipophilic, hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions play a central role in protein-ligand interactions at the active site. The results of MTT assay reveal that the myricetin inhibit the viability and proliferation of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with the myricetin led to down-regulation of mRNA expression of EGFR, IR, mTOR, and Bcl-2. Although, further in vitro and in vivo experimental studies are required for the experimental validation of our findings.
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