3D-QSAR studies and pharmacophore identification of AT1 receptor antagonists

In silico Methods for Design of Kinase Inhibitors as Anticancer Drugs

Rational drug design implies usage of molecular modeling techniques such as pharmacophore modeling, molecular dynamics, virtual screening, and molecular docking to explain the activity of biomolecules, define molecular determinants for interaction with the drug target, and design more efficient drug candidates. Kinases play an essential role in cell function and therefore are extensively studied targets in drug design and discovery. Kinase inhibitors are clinically very important and widely used antineoplastic drugs. In this review, computational methods used in rational drug design of kinase inhibitors are discussed and compared, considering some representative case studies.

Integration of multi-scale molecular modeling approaches with experiments for the in silico guided design and discovery of novel hERG-Neutral antihypertensive oxazalone and imidazolone derivatives and analysis of their potential restrictive effects on cell proliferation

AT1 antagonists is the most recent drug class of molecules against hypertension and they mediate their actions through blocking detrimental effects of angiotensin II (A-II) when acts on type I (AT1) A-II receptor. The effects of AT1 antagonists are not limited to cardiovascular diseases. AT1 receptor blockers may be used as potential anti-cancer agents - due to the inhibition of cell proliferation stimulated by A-II. Therefore, AT1 receptors and the A-II biosynthesis mechanisms are targets for the development of new synthetic drugs and therapeutic treatment of various cardiovascular and other diseases. In this work, multi-scale molecular modeling approaches were performed and it is found that oxazolone and imidazolone derivatives reveal similar/better interaction energy profiles compared to the FDA approved sartan molecules at the binding site of the AT1 receptor. In silico-guided designed hit molecules were then synthesized and tested for their binding affinities to human AT1 receptor in radioligand binding studies, using [¹²⁵I-Sar¹-Ile⁸] AngII. Among the compounds tested, 19d and 9j molecules bound to receptor in a dose response manner and with relatively high affinities. Next, cytotoxicity and wound healing assays were performed for these hit molecules. Since hit molecule 19d led to deceleration of cell motility in all three cell lines (NIH3T3, A549, and H358) tested in this study, this molecule is investigated in further tests. In two cell lines (HUVEC and MCF-7) tested, 19d induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in a concentration dependent manner. Adherent cells detached from the plates and underwent cell death possibly due to apoptosis at 19d concentrations that induced cell cycle arrest.