Microwave assisted synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking of novel chroman scaffolds incorporating spirochromanone framework

Recent synthetic strategies toward the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds comprising six-membered carbocyclic/heterocyclic ring systems

Spirocyclic compounds fascinate the synthetic chemists due to their privileged ring system and efficacy in drug discovery. Many natural compounds comprise spirocyclic moiety in their skeleton and are effective in pharmaceutical industry. Over the years, many synthetic methodologies have been established for the construction of spirocyclic compounds. In this review, recent synthetic approaches to accessing various spirocompounds comprising six-membered carbocycles/heterocycles have been summarized.

Spirocyclic derivatives as antioxidants: a review

In recent years, spiro compounds have attracted significant interest in medicinal chemistry due to their numerous biological activities attributed primarily to their versatility and structural similarity to important pharmacophore centers. Currently, the development of drugs with potential antioxidant activities is of great importance since numerous investigations have shown that oxidative stress is involved in the development and progression of numerous diseases such as cancer, senile cataracts, kidney failure, diabetes, high blood pressure, cirrhosis, and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. This article provides an overview of the synthesis and various antioxidant activities found in naturally occurring and synthetic spiro compounds. Among the antioxidant activities reviewed are DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, anti-LPO, superoxide, xanthine oxidase, peroxide, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide tests, among others. Molecules that presented best results for these tests were spiro compounds G14, C12, D41, C18, C15, D5, D11, E1, and C14. In general, most active compounds are characterized for having at least one oxygen atom; an important number of them (around 35%) are phenolic compounds, and in molecules where this functional group was absent, aryl ethers and nitrogen-containing functional groups such as amine and amides could be found. Recent advances in the antioxidant activity profiles of spiro compounds have shown that they have a significant position in discovering drugs with potential antioxidant activities.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Hydrated Benzimidazolium Salt Containing Spiro Structure

A new hydrated benzimidazolium salt containing spiro structure was obtained when benzimidazole is added to ethyl alcohol of 1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,4-dione and trimethoxymethane. The title compound (C19H21O8) (C7H7N2) (0.5H2O) was characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The result shows that it belongs to the triclinic system, space group P-1, with a = 11.017(2) Å, b = 11.424(2) Å, c = 11.650(2) Å, α = 70.60(3)°, β = 71.00(3)°, γ = 67.64(3)°, Mr = 505.51, V = 1245.2(5) Å, Z = 2, Dc = 1.348 g/cm3, F(000) = 534, μ(MoKa) = 0.102 mm−1. There exist two types of hydrogen bonds in the crystal. (C19H21O8)− anions and (C7H7N2)+ cations are linked by N–H···O hydrogen bonds, while (C19H21O8)− anions and free water are linked by O–H···O hydrogen bonds. All of the above hydrogen bonds form a one-dimensional (1D)-chained structure. The 1D chains further links the molecule into a three-dimensional (3D)-layered structure.

Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of spirofurochromanone derivatives as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents

A series of 2′-substituted-3′-methylspiro[cyclohexane-1,7′-furo[3,2-g]chroman]-5′(7′H)-one, 5a–i and 7a–u have been synthesized using an eco-friendly approach with good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.