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Jaiswal S, Singh B, Dhingra I, Joshi A, Kodgire P. Bioremediation and bioscavenging for elimination of organophosphorus threats: An approach using enzymatic advancements. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118888. [PMID: 38599448 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OP) are highly toxic pesticides and nerve agents widely used in agriculture and chemical warfare. The extensive use of these chemicals has severe environmental implications, such as contamination of soil, water bodies, and food chains, thus endangering ecosystems and biodiversity. Plants absorb pesticide residues, which then enter the food chain and accumulate in the body fat of both humans and animals. Numerous human cases of OP poisoning have been linked to both acute and long-term exposure to these toxic OP compounds. These compounds inhibit the action of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) by phosphorylation, which prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter into choline and acetate. Thus, it becomes vital to cleanse the environment from these chemicals utilizing various physical, chemical, and biological methods. Biological methods encompassing bioremediation using immobilized microbes and enzymes have emerged as environment-friendly and cost-effective approaches for pesticide removal. Cell/enzyme immobilized systems offer higher stability, reusability, and ease of product recovery, making them ideal tools for OP bioremediation. Interestingly, enzymatic bioscavengers (stoichiometric, pseudo-catalytic, and catalytic) play a vital role in detoxifying pesticides from the human body. Catalytic bioscavenging enzymes such as Organophosphate Hydrolase, Organophosphorus acid anhydrolase, and Paraoxonase 1 show high degradation efficiency within the animal body as well as in the environment. Moreover, these enzymes can also be employed to decontaminate pesticides from food, ensuring food safety and thus minimizing human exposure. This review aims to provide insights to potential collaborators in research organizations, government bodies, and industries to bring advancements in the field of bioremediation and bioscavenging technologies for the mitigation of OP-induced health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Jaiswal
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Brijeshwar Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Isha Dhingra
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Abhijeet Joshi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, India.
| | - Prashant Kodgire
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, India.
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de Castro AA, Franco JH, de Andrade AR, Ramalho TC. Rationalizing the activity of a hybrid biocatalyst for ethanol oxidation. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Bretz RR, de Castro AA, Lara Ferreira IF, Ramalho TC, Silva MC. Experimental and theoretical affinity and catalysis studies between halogenated phenols and peroxidases: Understanding the bioremediation potential. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110895. [PMID: 32615496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated phenols, such as 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 4-bromophenol (4-BP) are pollutants generated by a various industrial sectors like chemical, dye, paper bleaching, pharmaceuticals or in an agriculture as pesticides. The use of Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the halogenated phenols treatment has already been mentioned, but it is not well understood how the different phenolic substrates can bind in the peroxidase active site nor how these specific interactions can influence in the bioremediation potential. In this work, different removal efficiencies were obtained for phenolic compounds investigated using HRP as catalyst (93.87 and 59.19% to 4BP and 2,4 DCP, respectively). Thus, to rationalize this result based on the interactions of phenols with active center of HRP, we combine computational and experimental methodologies. The theoretical approaches utilized include density functional theory (DFT) calculations, docking simulation and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) technique. Michaelis Menten constant (Km) obtained through experimental methodologies were 2.3 and 0.95 mM to 2,4-DCP and 4-BP, respectively, while the specificity constant (Kcat/Km) found was 1.44 mM-1 s-1 and 0.62 mM-1 s-1 for 4-BP and 2,4-DCP, respectively. The experimental parameters appointed to the highest affinity of HRP to 4-BP. According to the molecular docking calculations, both ligands have shown stabilizing intermolecular interaction energies within the HRP active site, however, the 4-BP showed more stabilizing interaction energy (-53.00 kcal mol-1) than 2,4-dichlorophenol (-49.23 kcal mol-1). Besides that, oxidative mechanism of 4-BP and 2,4-DCP was investigated by the hybrid QM/MM approach. This study showed that the lowest activation energy values for transition states investigated were obtained for 4-BP. Therefore, by theoretical approach, the compound 4-BP showed the more stabilizing interaction and activation energy values related to the interaction within the enzyme and the oxidative reaction mechanism, respectively, which corroborates with experimental parameters obtained. The combination between experimental and theoretical approaches was essential to understand how the degradation potential of the HRP enzyme depends on the interactions between substrate and the active center cavity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Resende Bretz
- Department of Natural Sciences (DCNAT), Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del Rei, Brazil
| | | | - Igor F Lara Ferreira
- Department of Natural Sciences (DCNAT), Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del Rei, Brazil
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Cristina Silva
- Department of Natural Sciences (DCNAT), Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del Rei, Brazil.
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Pereira AF, de Castro AA, Soares FV, Soares Leal DH, da Cunha EFF, Mancini DT, Ramalho TC. Development of technologies applied to the biodegradation of warfare nerve agents: Theoretical evidence for asymmetric homogeneous catalysis. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:323-331. [PMID: 31173750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds have been widely employed to the development of warfare nerve agents and pesticides, resulting in a huge number of people intoxicated annually, being a serious problem of public health. Efforts worldwide have been done in order to design new technologies that are capable of combating or even reversing the poisoning caused by these OP nerve agents. In this line, the bioremediation arises as a promising and efficient alternative for this purpose. As an example of degrading enzymes, there is the organophosphate-degrading (OpdA) enzyme from Agrobacterium radiobacter, which has been quite investigated experimentally due to its high performance in the degradation of neurotoxic nerve agents. This work aims to look into the structural and electronic details that govern the interaction modes of these compounds in the OpdA active site, with the posterior hydrolysis reaction prediction. Our findings have brought about data about the OpdA performance towards different nerve agents, and among them, we may realize that the degradation efficiency strongly depends on the nerve agent structure and its stereochemistry, being in this case the compound Tabun the one more effectively hydrolyzed. By means of the chemical bonds (AIM) and orbitals (FERMO) analysis, it is suggested that the initial reactivity of the OP nerve agents in the OpdA active site does not necessarily dictate the reactivity and interaction modes over the reaction coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Francisco Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A de Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Flavia Villela Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel Henriques Soares Leal
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil; Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, ES, 29932-540, Brazil
| | - Elaine F F da Cunha
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Daiana Teixeira Mancini
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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de Castro AA, Soares FV, Pereira AF, Silva TC, Silva DR, Mancini DT, Caetano MS, da Cunha EFF, Ramalho TC. Asymmetric biodegradation of the nerve agents Sarin and VX by human dUTPase: chemometrics, molecular docking and hybrid QM/MM calculations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 37:2154-2164. [PMID: 30044197 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1478751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OP) nerve agents are among the most toxic chemical substances known. Their toxicity is due to their ability to bind to acetylcholinesterase. Currently, some enzymes, such as phosphotriesterase, human serum paraoxonase 1 and diisopropyl fluorophosphatase, capable of degrading OP, have been characterized. Regarding the importance of bioremediation methods for detoxication of OP, this work aims to study the interaction modes between the human human deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) and Sarin and VX, considering their Rp and Sp enantiomers, to evaluate the asymmetric catalysis of those compounds. In previous work, this enzyme has shown good potential to degrade phosphotriesters, and based on this characteristic, we have applied the human dUTPase to the OP degradation. Molecular docking, chemometrics and mixed quantum and molecular mechanics calculations have been employed, showing a good interaction between dUTPase and OP. Two possible reaction mechanisms were tested, and according to our theoretical results, the catalytic degradation of OP by dUTPase can take place via both mechanisms, beyond being stereoselective, that is, dUTPase cleaves one enantiomer preferentially in relation to other. Chemometric techniques provided excellent assistance for performing this theoretical investigation. The dUTPase study shows importance by the fact of it being a human enzyme. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A de Castro
- a Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department , Federal University of Lavras , Lavras , Brazil
| | - Flávia Villela Soares
- a Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department , Federal University of Lavras , Lavras , Brazil
| | - Ander Francisco Pereira
- a Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department , Federal University of Lavras , Lavras , Brazil
| | - Telles Cardoso Silva
- a Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department , Federal University of Lavras , Lavras , Brazil
| | - Daniela Rodrigues Silva
- a Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department , Federal University of Lavras , Lavras , Brazil
| | - Daiana Teixeira Mancini
- a Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department , Federal University of Lavras , Lavras , Brazil
| | - Melissa Soares Caetano
- b Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, University Campus , Ouro Preto , Brazil
| | - Elaine F F da Cunha
- a Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department , Federal University of Lavras , Lavras , Brazil
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- a Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department , Federal University of Lavras , Lavras , Brazil.,c Center for Basic and Applied research, University Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
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Franco JH, da Silva BF, de Castro AA, Ramalho TC, Pividori MI, Zanoni MVB. Biotransformation of disperse dyes using nitroreductase immobilized on magnetic particles modified with tosyl group: Identification of products by LC-MS-MS and theoretical studies conducted with DNA. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:863-871. [PMID: 30036840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work evaluates the action of nitroreductase enzyme immobilized on Tosylactivated magnetic particles (MP-Tosyl) on three disperse dyes which contain nitro and azo groups. The dyes included Disperse Red 73 (DR 73), Disperse Red 78 (DR 78), and Disperse Red 167 (DR 167). The use of a magnet enabled the rapid and easy removal of the immobilized enzyme after biotransformation; this facilitated the identification of the products generated using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The main products formed by the in vitro biotransformation were identified as the product of nitro group reduction to the correspondent amine groups, which were denoted as follows: 50% of 2-(2-(4-((2-cyanoethyl)(ethyl)amino)phenyl)hydrazinyl)-5-nitrobenzonitrile, 98% of 3-((4-((4-amino-2-chlorophenyl) diazenyl)phenyl) (ethyl)amino)propanenitrile and 99% of (3-acetamido-4 - ((4-amino-2-chlorophenyl) diazenyl) phenyl) azanediyl) bis (ethane-2,1-diyl) for DR 73, DR 78 and DR 167, respectively. Based on the docking studies, the dyes investigated were found to be biotransformed by nitroreductase enzyme due to their favorable interaction with the active site of the enzyme. Theoretical results show that DR73 dye exhibits a relatively lower rate of degradation; this is attributed to the cyanide substituent which affects the electron density of the azo group. The docking studies also indicate that all the dyes presented significant reactivity towards DNA. However, Disperse Red 73 was found to exhibit a substantially higher reactivity compared to the other dyes; this implies that the dye possesses a relatively higher mutagenic power. The docking results also show that DR 73, DR 78 and DR 167 may be harmful to both humans and the environment, since the mutagenicity of nitro compounds is associated with the products formed during the reduction of nitro groups. These products can interact with biomolecules, including DNA, causing toxic and mutagenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Honorio Franco
- Institute of Chemistry - São Paulo State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP-Avenida Professor Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha, CEP: 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bianca F da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry - São Paulo State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP-Avenida Professor Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha, CEP: 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - María Isabel Pividori
- Group of Sensors and Biosensors, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Valnice Boldrin Zanoni
- Institute of Chemistry - São Paulo State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP-Avenida Professor Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha, CEP: 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Manoharan P, Sridhar J. Computational protein design and protein-ligand interaction studies for the improvement of organophosphorus degrading potential of Deinococcus radiodurans. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 83:12-16. [PMID: 29753940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme is involved in the catalyzing reaction that involve hydrolysis of organophosphate toxic compounds. An enzyme from Deinococcus radiodurans reported as homologous to phosphotriesterase and show activity against organophosphate. In the past activity of this enzyme is low and efforts made to improve the activity by experimental mutation study. However only very few organophosphates tested against very few catalytic site mutations. In order to improve the catalytic power of the organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme, we carried out systematic functional hotspot based protein engineering strategy. The mutants tested against 46 know organophosphate compounds using molecular docking study. Finally, we carried out an extensive molecular docking study to predict the binding of 46 organophosphate compounds to wild-type protein and mutant organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme. At the end we are able to improve the degrading potential of organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme against organophosphate toxic compounds. This preliminary study and the outcome would be useful guide for the experimental scientist involved in the bioremediation of toxic organophosphate compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabu Manoharan
- Department of Biotechnology (DDE), Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - J Sridhar
- Department of Biotechnology (DDE), Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India.
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Soares FV, de Castro AA, Pereira AF, Leal DHS, Mancini DT, Krejcar O, Ramalho TC, da Cunha EFF, Kuca K. Theoretical Studies Applied to the Evaluation of the DFPase Bioremediation Potential against Chemical Warfare Agents Intoxication. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1257. [PMID: 29690585 PMCID: PMC5979579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OP) are part of a group of compounds that may be hazardous to health. They are called neurotoxic agents because of their action on the nervous system, inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme and resulting in a cholinergic crisis. Their high toxicity and rapid action lead to irreversible damage to the nervous system, drawing attention to developing new treatment methods. The diisopropyl fluorophosphatase (DFPase) enzyme has been considered as a potent biocatalyst for the hydrolysis of toxic OP and has potential for bioremediation of this kind of intoxication. In order to investigate the degradation process of the nerve agents Tabun, Cyclosarin and Soman through the wild-type DFPase, and taking into account their stereochemistry, theoretical studies were carried out. The intermolecular interaction energy and other parameters obtained from the molecular docking calculations were used to construct a data matrix, which were posteriorly treated by statistical analyzes of chemometrics, using the PCA (Principal Components Analysis) multivariate analysis. The analyzed parameters seem to be quite important for the reaction mechanisms simulation (QM/MM). Our findings showed that the wild-type DFPase enzyme is stereoselective in hydrolysis, showing promising results for the catalytic degradation of the neurotoxic agents under study, with the degradation mechanism performed through two proposed pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia V Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre A de Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ander F Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Daniel H S Leal
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29932-540 São Mateus, ES, Brazil.
| | - Daiana T Mancini
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ondrej Krejcar
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Elaine F F da Cunha
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Reis AFVF, Gonçalves ILP, Neto AFG, Santos AS, Kuca K, Nepovimova E, Neto AMJC. Intermolecular interactions between DNA and methamphetamine, amphetamine, ecstasy and their major metabolites. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:3047-3057. [PMID: 28978251 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1386592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we carried out a theoretical investigation regarding amphetamine-type stimulants, which can cause central nervous system degeneration, interacting with human DNA. These include amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (also known as ecstasy), as well as their main metabolites. The studies were performed through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, where molecular interactions of the receptor-ligand systems, along with their physical-chemical energies, were reported. Our results show that 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine and 3,4-Dihydroxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) present considerable reactivity with the receptor (DNA), suggesting that these molecules may cause damage due to human-DNA. These results were indicated by free Gibbs change of bind (ΔGbind) values referring to intermolecular interactions between the drugs and the minor grooves of DNA, which were predominant for all simulations. In addition, it was observed that 3,4-Dihydroxymethamphetamine (ΔGbind = -13.15 kcal/mol) presented greater spontaneity in establishing interactions with DNA in comparison to 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ΔGbind = -8.61 kcal/mol). Thus, according with the calculations performed our results suggest that the 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine and 3,4-Dihydroxymethamphetamine have greater probability to provide damage to human DNA fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur F V F Reis
- a Laboratory of Preparation and Computation of Nanomaterial , Faculty of Physics-ICEN-Federal University of Pará , Augusto Correa Street N°.1 C. P. 479, 66075-110 Belém , PA , Brazil.,b Federal University of Pará , Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry . Augusto Correa Street, 01, Guamá66075-110, Belém , PA , Brazil
| | - Igor L P Gonçalves
- a Laboratory of Preparation and Computation of Nanomaterial , Faculty of Physics-ICEN-Federal University of Pará , Augusto Correa Street N°.1 C. P. 479, 66075-110 Belém , PA , Brazil.,b Federal University of Pará , Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry . Augusto Correa Street, 01, Guamá66075-110, Belém , PA , Brazil
| | - Abel F G Neto
- a Laboratory of Preparation and Computation of Nanomaterial , Faculty of Physics-ICEN-Federal University of Pará , Augusto Correa Street N°.1 C. P. 479, 66075-110 Belém , PA , Brazil
| | - Alberdan S Santos
- b Federal University of Pará , Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry . Augusto Correa Street, 01, Guamá66075-110, Belém , PA , Brazil
| | - Kamil Kuca
- c Biomedical Research Center , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,d Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Hradec Kralove , Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- c Biomedical Research Center , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,d Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Hradec Kralove , Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Antonio M J C Neto
- a Laboratory of Preparation and Computation of Nanomaterial , Faculty of Physics-ICEN-Federal University of Pará , Augusto Correa Street N°.1 C. P. 479, 66075-110 Belém , PA , Brazil
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de Castro AA, Assis LC, Silva DR, Corrêa S, Assis TM, Gajo GC, Soares FV, Ramalho TC. Computational enzymology for degradation of chemical warfare agents: promising technologies for remediation processes. AIMS Microbiol 2017; 3:108-135. [PMID: 31294152 PMCID: PMC6604975 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.1.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical weapons are a major worldwide problem, since they are inexpensive, easy to produce on a large scale and difficult to detect and control. Among the chemical warfare agents, we can highlight the organophosphorus compounds (OP), which contain the phosphorus element and that have a large number of applications. They affect the central nervous system and can lead to death, so there are a lot of works in order to design new effective antidotes for the intoxication caused by them. The standard treatment includes the use of an anticholinergic combined to a central nervous system depressor and an oxime. Oximes are compounds that reactivate Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a regulatory enzyme responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses, which is one of the molecular targets most vulnerable to neurotoxic agents. Increasingly, enzymatic treatment becomes a promising alternative; therefore, other enzymes have been studied for the OP degradation function, such as phosphotriesterase (PTE) from bacteria, human serum paraoxonase 1 (HssPON1) and diisopropyl fluorophosphatase (DFPase) that showed significant performances in OP detoxification. The understanding of mechanisms by which enzymes act is of extreme importance for the projection of antidotes for warfare agents, and computational chemistry comes to aid and reduce the time and costs of the process. Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics and QM/MM (quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics) are techniques used to investigate the molecular interactions between ligands and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Letícia C. Assis
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Daniela R. Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Silviana Corrêa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Tamiris M. Assis
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Giovanna C. Gajo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Flávia V. Soares
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Teodorico C. Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Czech Republic
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A. de Castro A, C. Assis L, R. Silva D, Corrêa S, M. Assis T, C. Gajo G, V. Soares F, C. Ramalho T. Computational enzymology for degradation of chemical warfare agents: promising technologies for remediation processes. AIMS Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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