1
|
Noorbakhsh A, Hosseininezhadian Koushki E, Farshadfar C, Ardalan N. Designing a natural inhibitor against human kynurenine aminotransferase type II and a comparison with PF-04859989: a computational effort against schizophrenia. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:7038-7051. [PMID: 33645449 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1893817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Kynurenine aminotransferase II (KATII) enzyme has an essential role in L-kynurenine transmission to kynurenic acid (KYNA). High concentration of kynurenic acid associates with schizophrenia and some neurocognitive disorders. Decreasing KYNA production via inhibiting KATII would be an effective method for treating and understanding the related central nervous system (CNS) diseases. This study aimed to discover a potent inhibitor against human KATII (hKATII) in comparison with PF-04859989. We utilized the computational methods of molecular dynamics, virtual screening, docking, and binding free-energy calculations. Initially, the 58722 compounds from three drug libraries, including IBS library, DrugBank library, and Analyticon library, were obtained. At the next stage, these sets of compounds were screened by AutoDock Vina software, and a potent inhibitor (ZINC35466084) was selected. Following the screening, molecular dynamics simulations for both ZINC35466084 and PF-04859989 were performed by GROMACS software. MM-PBSA analysis showed that the amount of binding free energy for ZINC35466084 (-61.26 KJ mol-1) is more potent than PF-04859989 (-43.14 KJ mol-1). Furthermore, the ADME analysis results revealed that the pharmacokinetic parameters of ZINC35466084 are acceptable for human use. Eventually, our data demonstrated that ZINC35466084 is suitable for hKATII inhibition, and it is an appropriate candidate for further studies in the laboratory. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Noorbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Elnaz Hosseininezhadian Koushki
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Chiako Farshadfar
- Department of Biochemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Noeman Ardalan
- Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yoshida Y, Fujigaki H, Kato K, Yamazaki K, Fujigaki S, Kunisawa K, Yamamoto Y, Mouri A, Oda A, Nabeshima T, Saito K. Selective and competitive inhibition of kynurenine aminotransferase 2 by glycyrrhizic acid and its analogues. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10243. [PMID: 31308447 PMCID: PMC6629613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) catalyses the conversion of kynurenine (KYN) to kynurenic acid (KYNA). Although the isozymes KAT1–4 have been identified, KYNA is mainly produced by KAT2 in brain tissues. KNYA is an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate and α-7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and accumulation of KYNA in the brain has been associated with the pathology of schizophrenia. Therefore, KAT2 could be exploited as a therapeutic target for the management of schizophrenia. Although currently available KAT2 inhibitors irreversibly bind to pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP), inhibition via this mechanism may cause adverse side effects because of the presence of other PLP-dependent enzymes. Therefore, we identified novel selective KAT2 inhibitors by screening approximately 13,000 molecules. Among these, glycyrrhizic acid (GL) and its analogues, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and carbenoxolone (CBX), were identified as KAT2 inhibitors. These compounds were highly selective for KAT2 and competed with its substrate KYN, but had no effects on the other 3 KAT isozymes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that in complex structures that were predicted in docking calculations, GL, GA and CBX were located on the same surface as the aromatic ring of KYN. These results indicate that GL and its analogues are highly selective and competitive inhibitors of KAT2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Yoshida
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Fujigaki
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Koichi Kato
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Aichi, 463-8521, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Kyoka Yamazaki
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Suwako Fujigaki
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kunisawa
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Department of Regulatory Science, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, 468-0069, Japan
| | - Akifumi Oda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, 468-0069, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.,Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, 468-0069, Japan.,Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|