Synthesis and anticancer activity evaluation of novel oxacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidine derivatives

Recent medicinal approaches of novel pyrimidine analogs: A review

Pyrimidine derivatives attract researchers due to their versatile scaffold & their medicinal significance. Pyrimidine associated analogs are majorly contributed to the field of medicinal chemistry. In this review article, the recent new structural design and development of active agent studies and biological approaches are highlighted. In addition, the biological potency and the structure-activity relationship of pyrimidines such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-diabetic, anti-HIV, anthelmintic, CNS depressants, and cardiac agents are discussed. Finally, this review article may attract the researchers for new structural design and development of novel active pyrimidine scaffolds with more active and less harmful.

High activity, high selectivity and high biocompatibility BODIPY-pyrimidine derivatives for fluorescence target recognition and evaluation of inhibitory activity

BODIPY-Pyrimidine (BP) is a highly selective, highly active, and highly biocompatible fluorescent drug, which is characterized by its own activity combined with a fluorophore. The combination of pyrimidines with good biological activity and fluorophores to obtain new compounds with both anti-tumor activity and fluorescent targeting probe functions is the focus of this research. In terms of biological activity, in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds on four human cancer cells (HepG2, HeLa, A-459, and HCT-116) and the human normal cell line L-02 was studied. BP-4 has good antiproliferative activity, and its IC₅₀ values are 19.12 ± 2.29, 13.47 ± 3.80, 18.59 ± 7.42, 14.57 ± 2.44 and 92.48 ± 6.03 μM, respectively. Good biocompatibility with tumor cells can be observed in cell imaging. The anti-tumor mechanism of the compound was further studied by flow cytometry. After BP-2, BP-3 and BP-4 treated HeLa cells, the percentage of apoptotic cells was 19.07%, 22.09% and 27.3%, respectively. The cell cycle study found that, compared with the positive control 5-FU (48.05%), the compounds BP-2, BP-3 and BP-4 all increased the proportion of HeLa cells in the G1 phase, reaching 57.65%, 55.46% and 53.58%, respectively. In vivo bioimaging results show that all three compounds can be targeted and accurately expressed in tumor tissues. In addition, molecular docking analyzes the possible interaction between the compound and the active site of thymidylate synthase.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-phenoxy-phenyl isoxazoles as novel acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a crucial enzyme in fatty acid metabolism, which plays a major role in the occurrence and development of certain tumours. Herein, one potential ACC inhibitor (6a) was identified through high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS), and a series of 4-phenoxy-phenyl isoxazoles were synthesised for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Among these compounds, 6g exhibited the most potent ACC inhibitory activity (IC₅₀=99.8 nM), which was comparable to that of CP-640186. Moreover, the antiproliferation assay revealed that compound 6l exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity, with IC₅₀ values of 0.22 µM (A549), 0.26 µM (HepG2), and 0.21 µM (MDA-MB-231), respectively. The preliminary mechanistic studies on 6g and 6l suggested that the compounds decreased the malonyl-CoA levels, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Overall, these results indicated that the 4-phenoxy-phenyl isoxazoles are potential for further study in cancer therapeutics as ACC inhibitors.

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel spiroketopyrazoles as acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors and potential antitumor agents

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo fatty acid synthesis, which plays a critical role in the growth and survival of cancer cells. In this study, a series of spiroketopyrazole derivatives bearing quinoline moieties were synthesized, and in vitro anticancer activities of these compounds as ACC inhibitors were evaluated. The biological evaluation showed that compound 7j exhibited the strongest enzyme inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 1.29 nM), while compound 7m displayed the most potent anti-proliferative activity against A549, HepG2, and MDA-MB-231 cells with corresponding IC₅₀ values of 0.55, 0.38, and 1.65 μM, respectively. The preliminary pharmacological studies confirmed that compound 7m reduced the intracellular malonyl-CoA and TG levels in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, it could down-regulate cyclin D1 and CDK4 to disturb the cell cycle and up-regulate Bax, caspase-3, and PARP along with the suppression of Bcl-2 to induce apoptosis. Notably, the combination of 7m with doxorubicin synergistically decreased the HepG2 cell viability. These results indicated that compound 7m as a single agent, or in combination with other antitumor drugs, might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.