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Chong YK, Ong YS, Yeong KY. Unveiling sultam in drug discovery: spotlight on the underexplored scaffold. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1798-1827. [PMID: 38911171 PMCID: PMC11187559 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00653k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Decades ago, the application of cyclic sulfonamide (sultam) and its derivatives primarily focused on their antibacterial properties. However, recent years have seen a shift in research attention towards exploring their potential as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antiviral agents. Despite this broadening scope, only a few sultam drugs have made it to the commercial market, as much of the research on sultams remains in the discovery phase. This class of compounds holds significant promise and remains pertinent in pharmaceutical research. Due to sultam's relevance and growing importance in drug discovery, this review paper aims to consolidate and examine the biological activities of sultam derivatives ranging from 4 to 8-membered ring structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yie Kie Chong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus Jalan Lagoon Selatan 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yee Swen Ong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus Jalan Lagoon Selatan 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus Jalan Lagoon Selatan 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
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Kapadia K, Trojniak AE, Guzmán Rodríguez KB, Klus NJ, Huntley C, McDonald P, Roy A, Frankowski KJ, Aubé J, Muma NA. Small-Molecule Disruptors of Mutant Huntingtin-Calmodulin Protein-Protein Interaction Attenuate Deleterious Effects of Mutant Huntingtin. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2315-2337. [PMID: 35833925 PMCID: PMC11005818 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a progressive and lethal neurodegenerative disease caused by an increased CAG repeat mutation in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene (mutant huntingtin). Current drug treatments provide only limited symptomatic relief without impacting disease progression. Previous studies in our lab and others identified the abnormal binding of mutant huntingtin protein with calmodulin, a key regulator of calcium signaling. Disrupting the abnormal binding of mutant huntingtin to calmodulin reduces perturbations caused by mutant huntingtin in cell and mouse models of Huntington's disease and importantly normalizes receptor-stimulated calcium release. Using a series of high-throughput in vitro and cell-based screening assays, we identified numerous small-molecule hits that disrupt the binding of mutant huntingtin to calmodulin and demonstrate protective effects. Iterative optimization of one hit resulted in nontoxic, selective compounds that are protective against mutant huntingtin cytotoxicity and normalized receptor-stimulated intracellular calcium release in PC12 cell models of Huntington's disease. Importantly, the compounds do not work by reducing the levels of mutant huntingtin, allowing this strategy to complement future molecular approaches to reduce mutant huntingtin expression. Our novel scaffold will serve as a prototype for further drug development in Huntington's disease. These studies indicate that the development of small-molecule compounds that disrupt the binding of mutant huntingtin to calmodulin is a promising approach for the advancement of therapeutics to treat Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Kapadia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Ashley E Trojniak
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and the Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kenneth B Guzmán Rodríguez
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and the Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nicholas J Klus
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and the Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Coral Huntley
- University of Kansas High-Throughput Screening Laboratory, University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Peter McDonald
- University of Kansas High-Throughput Screening Laboratory, University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Anuradha Roy
- University of Kansas High-Throughput Screening Laboratory, University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Kevin J Frankowski
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and the Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and the Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nancy A Muma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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Hys VY, Milokhov DS, Keda TY, Omelchenko IV, Konovalova IS, Shishkina SV, Volovenko YM. Efficient synthesis of seven-membered Aza-sultams: Heterofused amino-1,2,4-thiadiazepine dioxides. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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