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de Freitas BN, Capel CP, Vieira MA, Barbin GF, Cardoso L, Tirapelli C. Do intraoral scanning technologies affect the trueness of dental arches with crowding, diastema, and edentulous spaces? A clinical perspective. J Dent 2024; 149:105285. [PMID: 39103077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the trueness of dental arches digitised by two intraoral scanning (IOS) technologies from patients presenting crowding, diastema, and bilateral posterior edentulous space with tilted molar. METHODS Conventional impressions and dental stone models were generated from three patients presenting the aforementioned dental arch conditions. These models were digitised on a desktop scanner, and the resulting mesh was used as reference. Subsequently, the patients were scanned using confocal based (CF; iTero Element 2) and blue laser-multiscan (BLM; Virtuo Vivo) imaging IOS technology, totalling thirty scans. The meshes from the scans were exported in Standard Tessellation Language format and analysed using Geomagic Control X software. Root mean square (RMS) indicated deviation magnitude. Differences in IOS technologies were evaluated with paired t-tests, and dental arch conditions compared using ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests (α=0.05). RESULTS Digital dental arch from blue laser-multiscan technology showed lower trueness compared to confocal based technology for crowding (p = 0.0084) and edentulous spaces (p = 0.0025) conditions. When the types of oral condition were compared, discrepancies were significantly different for both IOS technologies, featuring the arch with diastema showing the lowest trueness, followed by edentulous spaces and crowding. CONCLUSION Dental arches presenting crowding and edentulous spaces digitised by blue laser-multiscan technology exhibited greater discrepancies compared to confocal based imaging technology. Furthermore, trueness varied among the dental arch conditions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The IOS technology and patient's dental arch condition can influence the trueness of dental arch digitisation. Being aware of these effects allows clinicians to take them into account during scanning procedures, digital planning and manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Neves de Freitas
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Camila Porto Capel
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcela Amanda Vieira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Fugita Barbin
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Cardoso
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Camila Tirapelli
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Peixoto AP, Miranda F, de Oliveira Pinto R, Ribeiro TTDC, Lara FSS, Machado FMDC, Garib D. Maxillary arch dimensions in bilateral cleft lip and palate in the age 0-5 months. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024. [PMID: 39003677 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) divides the maxillary arch into three segments, separated from each other, resulting in abnormal growth of the alveolar arch. This study evaluated the maxillary arch dimensions in BCLP and compared them with neonates without craniofacial anomalies. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary cleft centre. Sixty-six neonates aged 0-5 months were divided into two groups: cleft group-children with BCLP (23 boys and 18 girls) and control group-children without craniofacial deformities (15 boys and 10 girls). The dental models were processed by a 3D scanner. Landmarks were marked to achieve inter-canine distance, inter-tuberosity distance and arch length measurements. t-Tests were used for intergroup comparisons (p < .05). RESULTS The maxillary cleft arch was demonstrated to be wider and longer in the posterior region compared to the control group. The inter-canine distance did not present differences between the cleft and controls. The inter-canine distance of the control group was the only measurement influenced by the variable sex. CONCLUSIONS The cleft significantly interfered with the arch posterior width and arch sagittal length, making them larger. There was no statistical difference in the measurements between sex in the cleft group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Porto Peixoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felicia Miranda
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Turri de Castro Ribeiro
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniela Garib
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Waltenberger L, Rebay-Salisbury K, Mitteroecker P. Three-dimensional surface scanning methods in osteology: A topographical and geometric morphometric comparison. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 174:846-858. [PMID: 33410519 PMCID: PMC8048833 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Three‐dimensional (3D) data collected by structured light scanners, photogrammetry, and computed tomography (CT) scans are increasingly combined in joint analyses, even though the scanning techniques and reconstruction software differ considerably. The aim of the present study was to compare the quality and accuracy of surface models and landmark data obtained from modern clinical CT scanning, 3D structured light scanner, photogrammetry, and MicroScribe digitizer. Material and methods We tested 13 different photogrammetric software tools and compared surface models obtained by different methods for four articulated human pelves in a topographical analysis. We also measured a set of 219 landmarks and semilandmarks twice on every surface as well as directly on the dry bones with a MicroScribe digitizer. Results Only one photogrammetric software package yielded surface models of the complete pelves that could be used for further analysis. Despite the complex pelvic anatomy, all three methods (CT scanning, 3D structured light scanning, photogrammetry) yielded similar surface representations with average deviations among the surface models between 100 and 200 μm. A geometric morphometric analysis of the measured landmarks showed that the different scanning methods yielded similar shape variables, but data acquisition via MicroScribe digitizer was most prone to error. Discussion We demonstrated that three‐dimensional models obtained by different methods can be combined in a single analysis. Photogrammetry proved to be a cheap, quick, and accurate method to generate 3D surface models at useful resolutions, but photogrammetry software packages differ enormously in quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Waltenberger
- Austrian Archaeological Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Barnes LF, Lombardi J, Gardner TR, Strauch RJ, Rosenwasser MP. Comparison of Exposure in the Kaplan Versus the Kocher Approach in the Treatment of Radial Head Fractures. Hand (N Y) 2019; 14:253-258. [PMID: 29357701 PMCID: PMC6436133 DOI: 10.1177/1558944717745662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the complete visible surface area of the radial head, neck, and coronoid in the Kaplan and Kocher approaches to the lateral elbow. The hypothesis was that the Kaplan approach would afford greater visibility due to the differential anatomy of the intermuscular planes. METHODS Ten cadavers were dissected with the Kaplan and Kocher approaches, and the visible surface area was measured in situ using a 3-dimensional digitizer. Six measurements were taken for each approach by 2 surgeons, and the mean of these measurements were analyzed. RESULTS The mean surface area visible with the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) preserved in the Kaplan approach was 616.6 mm2 in comparison with the surface area of 136.2 mm2 visible in the Kocher approach when the LCL was preserved. Using a 2-way analysis of variance, the difference between these 2 approaches was statistically significant. When the LCL complex was incised in the Kocher approach, the average visible surface area of the Kocher approach was 456.1 mm2 and was statistically less than the Kaplan approach. The average surface area of the coronoid visible using a proximally extended Kaplan approach was 197.8 mm2. CONCLUSIONS The Kaplan approach affords significantly greater visible surface area of the proximal radius than the Kocher approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Fink Barnes
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA,
USA,Leslie Fink Barnes, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple
University, 3401 North Broad Street, Room 601, Zone B, Philadelphia, PA
19140-5104, USA.
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Claus D, Radeke J, Zint M, Vogel A, Satravaha Y, Kilic F, Hibst R, Lapatki B. Generation of 3D digital models of the dental arches using optical scanning techniques. Semin Orthod 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Otsudo T, Akasaka K, Hattori H, Hasebe Y, Tamura A, Hall T. Three-Dimensional Motion Analysis of the 2nd Cervical Spinous Process at End Range Cervical Rotation in Different Scapular Positions Using 3D Digitizer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9835846. [PMID: 30225266 PMCID: PMC6129316 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9835846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study used a 3D digitizer to determine three-dimensional motion analysis of the 2nd cervical (C2) spinous process at end range cervical rotation with the scapula in different positions. METHODS 30 healthy adults participated in this study. Different scapula positions were adopted bilaterally and positioned passively at normal resting, depression, adduction, and abduction. Under each scapula position, bilateral end range cervical rotation and displacement of the C2 spinous process were analyzed by a 3D digitizer. RESULTS Displacement of the C2 spinous process relative to the occiput was significantly correlated with range of cervical rotation under all scapular positions (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between end range cervical rotation and displacement of the C2 spinous process relative to the occiput in any scapular position. CONCLUSION These results suggest that measurement of upper cervical mobility using the 3D digitizer is a reliable method that holds promise in the evaluation of people with cervical spine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Otsudo
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Saitama Medical University, 981 Kawakado, Moroyama City, Iruma-Gun, Saitama 350-0496, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Akasaka
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Saitama Medical University, 981 Kawakado, Moroyama City, Iruma-Gun, Saitama 350-0496, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hattori
- Kawagoe Clinic, Saitama Medical University, 21-7 Wakitahonchyo, Kawagoe City, Saitama 350-1123, Japan
| | - Yuki Hasebe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe City, Saitama 350-8550, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tamura
- Sekishindo Hospital, 25-19 Wakitahonchyo, Kawagoe City, Saitama 350-1123, Japan
| | - Toby Hall
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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Tsintsadze N, Juloski J, Carrabba M, Goracci C, Vichi A, Grandini S, Ferrari M. Effects of scanning technique on in vitro performance of CAD/CAM-fabricated fiber posts. J Oral Sci 2018; 60:262-268. [PMID: 29925710 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed push-out strength, cement layer thickness, and interfacial nanoleakage of luted fiber posts fabricated with computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM) technology after use of 1 of 3 scanning techniques, namely, direct scanning of the post space (DS), scanning of a polyether impression of the post space (IS), and scanning of a plaster model of the post space (MS). Thirty premolars were randomly assigned to three groups corresponding to the scanning technique. Posts were computer-designed and milled from experimental fiber-reinforced composite blocks. The mean (±SD) values for push-out strength and cement thickness were 17.1 ± 7.7 MPa and 162 ± 24 μm, respectively, for DS, 10.7 ± 4.6 MPa and 187 ± 50 μm for IS, and 12.0 ± 7.2 MPa and 258 ± 78 μm for MS specimens. Median (interquartile range) interfacial nanoleakage scores were 3 (2-4) for DS, 2.5 (2-4) for IS, and 3 (2-4) for MS. Post retention was better for fiber posts fabricated by DS technique than for those fabricated by IS and MS. Cement thickness did not differ between DS and IS specimens, but the cement layer was significantly thicker in the MS group than in the other two groups. Scanning technique did not affect sealing ability, as the three groups had comparable nanoleakage values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jelena Juloski
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena.,Clinic for Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University of Belgrade
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena
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Vogel AB, Kilic F, Schmidt F, Rübel S, Lapatki BG. Dimensional accuracy of jaw scans performed on alginate impressions or stone models: A practice-oriented study. J Orofac Orthop 2016; 76:351-65. [PMID: 26123733 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-015-0296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Digital jaw models offer more extensive possibilities for analysis than casts and make it easier to share and archive relevant information. The aim of this study was to compare the dimensional accuracy of scans performed on alginate impressions and on stone models to reference scans performed on underlying resin models. METHODS Precision spheres 5 mm in diameter were occlusally fitted to the sites of the first premolars and first molars on a pair of jaw models fabricated from resin. A structured-light scanner was used for digitization. Once the two reference models had been scanned, alginate impressions were taken and scanned after no later than 1 h. A third series of scans was performed on type III stone models derived from the impressions. All scans were analyzed by performing five repeated measurements to determine the distances between the various sphere centers. RESULTS Compared to the reference scans, the stone-model scans were larger by a mean of 73.6 µm (maxilla) or 65.2 µm (mandible). The impression scans were only larger by 7.7 µm (maxilla) or smaller by 0.7 µm (mandible). Median standard deviations over the five repeated measurements of 1.0 µm for the reference scans, 2.35 µm for the impression scans, and 2.0 µm for the stone-model scans indicate that the values measured in this study were adequately reproducible. CONCLUSION Alginate impressions can be suitably digitized by structured-light scanning and offer considerably better dimensional accuracy than stone models. Apparently, however, both impression scans and stone-model scans can offer adequate precision for orthodontic purposes. The main issue of impression scans (which is incomplete representation of model surfaces) is being systematically explored in a follow-up study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annike B Vogel
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Center for Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, University of Ulm Medical School, Ulm, Germany,
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9
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Assessment of facial soft-tissue profiles based on lateral photographs versus three-dimensional face scans. J Orofac Orthop 2016; 78:70-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-016-0055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Landmarks of the Frankfort horizontal plane : Reliability in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. J Orofac Orthop 2016; 77:373-83. [PMID: 27502792 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-016-0045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal was to investigate whether the three-dimensional (3D) reliability of the landmarks defining the Frankfort horizontal plane (FH) can be enhanced by reducing variance with the help of nearby anatomical structures. METHODS Twenty multislice computed tomography (MSCT) datasets of evidently symmetrical patients (11 female and 9 male patients, 6.1-16 years old) were selected from 695 datasets archived at our department. In the 3D reconstructions, we located the anthropometric landmarks orbitale and porion, then these were modified with the help of frontomalare temporale, radiculare and the most anterior border of the left and right external acoustic pore. The resultant orbitale* and porion* reference points for the Frankfort horizontal plane were then compared to the original landmarks. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS The superior reliability in the sagittal y-axis and in the transversal x-axis of the new reference points was confirmed. Based on the covariance matrices, the mean maximum standard deviation (square root of the maximum eigenvalue) in the direction of maximum variance was reduced from 0.77/0.94 mm to 0.47/0.48 mm for left/right orbitale, and similar reductions from 0.85/0.92 mm to 0.29/0.30 mm were noted for left/right porion (p < 0.001 for all four points). Vertical reliability did not improve further. CONCLUSIONS The modifications significantly reduced the variance of the orbitale and porion landmarks, thus, clearly increasing the three-dimensional reliability. Hence these optimized reference points are better suited to construct the FH, which arguably is an important spatial reference plane in orthodontics.
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Aragón MLC, Pontes LF, Bichara LM, Flores-Mir C, Normando D. Validity and reliability of intraoral scanners compared to conventional gypsum models measurements: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod 2016; 38:429-34. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Detterbeck A, Hofmeister M, Hofmann E, Haddad D, Weber D, Hölzing A, Zabler S, Schmid M, Hiller KH, Jakob P, Engel J, Hiller J, Hirschfelder U. MRI vs. CT for orthodontic applications: comparison of two MRI protocols and three CT (multislice, cone-beam, industrial) technologies. J Orofac Orthop 2016; 77:251-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-016-0028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wriedt S, Foersch M, Muhle JD, Schmidtmann I, Wehrbein H. Multibracket appliance: impression defaults and their reduction by blocking-out - a three-dimensional study. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:365-72. [PMID: 26100820 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines accuracy of dental impressions and following plaster models taken during treatment with fixed appliances. MATERIALS AND METHODS A maxillary typodont was provided with brackets. Three examiners took impressions three times each of the variants: brackets only, archwire fixed by alastics, ligatures or Kobayashi-hooks, and brackets and archwire covered completely or just on the gingival side by protection or impression wax. Casts were scanned using Activity102(®). Virtual models were compared to the scan of the typodont using Comparison(®). Differences were measured and descriptively analyzed. Estimated means with 95% confidence intervals were computed. Significance was assessed using linear mixed models. RESULTS While pyramidal reference blocks had a mean difference of 0.019 mm (95% CI = 0.017-0.021 mm) to the master model, teeth without attachments showed 0.097 mm (95% CI = 0.082-0.111 mm), and teeth with brackets 0.169 mm (95% CI = 0.156-0.182 mm) (p < 0.001). Smallest mean was found when using protection wax only on the gingival bracket side (0.152 mm (95% CI = 0.113-0.192 mm)). Incisors deviated most (0.258 mm (95 % CI = 0.239-0.277 mm)). CONCLUSIONS Teeth with brackets make impressions more inaccurate because of undercuts. Removing the archwire before taking the impression or covering the brackets on the gingival side shows tendencies toward better precision. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Taking impressions during treatment with fixed appliances, some inaccuracy has to be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Wriedt
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, Mainz, 55131, Germany.
| | - Moritz Foersch
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Jan Daniel Muhle
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Informatics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 69, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Heinrich Wehrbein
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, Mainz, 55131, Germany
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Ruellas ACDO, Koerich L, Baratieri C, Mattos CT, Alves M, Brunetto D, Eidson L. Reliability of CBCT in the diagnosis of dental asymmetry. Dental Press J Orthod 2015; 19:90-5. [PMID: 24945519 PMCID: PMC4296610 DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.19.2.090-095.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to validate a method used to assess dental asymmetry, in
relation to the skeletal midline, by means of CBCT. Methods Ten patients who had CBCT scans taken were randomly selected for this study. Five
different observers repeated 10 landmarks (x, y and z variables for each) and 12
linear measurements within 10 days. Measurements were taken in both arches to
evaluate symmetry of first molars, canines and dental midline in relation to the
skeletal midline. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was carried out to
assess intra- and interobserver reliability for landmarks and distances. Average
mean difference was also assessed to check measurement errors between
observers. Results ICC landmarks was ≥ 0.9 for 27 (90%) and 25 (83%) variables for intra- and
interobserver, respectively. ICC for distances was ≥ 0.9 for 7 (58%) and 5 (42%),
respectively. All ICC landmarks for distances were >0.75 for both intra- and
interobserver. The mean difference between observers was ≤ 0.6 mm for all the
distances. Conclusion The method used to assess dental asymmetry by means of CBCT is valid. Measurements
of molars, canines and dental midline symmetry with the skeletal midline are
reproducible and reliable when taken by means of CBCT and by different
operators.
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Radeke J, von der Wense C, Lapatki B. Comparison of orthodontic measurements on dental plaster casts and 3D scans. J Orofac Orthop 2014; 75:264-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-014-0217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rousseau P, Metzger M, Frucht S, Schupp W, Hempel M, Otten JE. Effect of lip closure on early maxillary growth in patients with cleft lip and palate. JAMA FACIAL PLAST SU 2014; 15:369-73. [PMID: 23867920 DOI: 10.1001/jamafacial.2013.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Debate continues about the cause of midfacial growth disturbance in patients with facial clefts. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the functional effect of surgical closure of the lip before palatal closure according to the technique by Delaire on early maxillary growth in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Twenty-two patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate were studied using plaster casts obtained at the time of cheilorhinoplasty and 6 months later before palatal closure. The interrupted lateral muscles were anatomically repositioned using the surgical technique by Delaire. No patients had received preoperative orthodontic treatment or a passive palatal plate. Cast analyses were performed using a digital caliper. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Landmark positioning was performed 3 times by 2 different examiners to define intraobserver and interobserver differences. The final maxilla dimensions were recorded as the distances between the mean landmark positions. Using the t test, dimensions obtained before palatal closure were compared with dimensions obtained before lip closure. RESULTS The method allowed good reproducibility. Functional closure of the lip significantly narrowed the transverse anterior cleft areas by -2.36 mm (P < .05). Sagittal variables were increased by 1.68 mm on the nonaffected side and by 1.48 mm on the affected side (P < .05 for both). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Functional closure according to the technique by Delaire narrows the transverse dimensions of the maxilla, while simultaneously preserving initial sagittal growth. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Rousseau
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial, and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany2Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
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Fink M, Medelnik J, Strobel K, Hirschfelder U, Hofmann E. Metric precision via soft-tissue landmarks in three-dimensional structured-light scans of human faces. J Orofac Orthop 2014; 75:133-43. [PMID: 24577017 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-013-0201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of the current work was to investigate the suitability of ten facial soft-tissue landmarks (trichion, glabella, nasion, left and right orbital, subnasal, left and right porion, pogonion, gnathion) as reference points for metric facial analysis by analyzing their intra- and interserial precision in all three dimensions. METHODS The faces of 32 volunteers were scanned using a standardized protocol with a structured-light scanner (FaceSCAN(3D) Scientific Photolab 60 Hz; 3D Shape, Erlangen, Germany). Three examiners placed the landmarks twice within a 2-week interval. Image processing (Onyx Ceph(3); Image Instruments; Chemnitz, Germany) and statistical (SAS 9.2; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) software was used for analysis. All measurements were corrected for mean values per patient and analyzed for intraserial and interserial error by model II ANOVA for a simple classification with random effects. RESULTS Median intraserial precision was 0.40 mm (range 0.05-1.01 mm) overall, including 0.40 mm (0.33-0.85 mm) on the x-axis, 0.64 mm (0.36-0.87 mm) on the y-axis, and 0.27 mm (0.05-1.01 mm) on the z-axis. Interserial precision was substantially lower at a median of 0.05 mm (0-0.22 mm), often not statistically assessable with intraserial precision. We observed no landmark-associated differences; in particular, the medians of the bilateral landmarks orbital (intraserial: 0.40 mm; interserial: 0.02 mm) and porion (intraserial: 0.36 mm; interserial: small and not assessable) were in the middle of the range of our results. Trichion (intraserial: 0.73 mm; interserial: 0.05 mm) and gnathion (intraserial: 0.87 mm; interserial: 0.20 mm) revealed the highest degrees of intraserial measurement imprecision. Outliers were identified in 1.2% (64 of 5400) of measurements. CONCLUSION All selected landmarks offer suitably high levels of intra- and interserial precision for the three-dimensional (3D) metric assessment of facial soft-tissue parameters. No difference between (bi)lateral and facial midline landmarks was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fink
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics (Zahnklinik 3 - Kieferorthopädie), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany,
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Precision of intraoral digital dental impressions with iTero and extraoral digitization with the iTero and a model scanner. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013; 144:471-8. [PMID: 23992820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Digital impression devices are used alternatively to conventional impression techniques and materials. The aims of this study were to evaluate the precision of digital intraoral scanning under clinical conditions (iTero; Align Technologies, San Jose, Calif) and to compare it with the precision of extraoral digitization. METHODS One patient received 10 full-arch intraoral scans with the iTero and conventional impressions with a polyether impression material (Impregum Penta; 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). Stone cast models manufactured from the impressions were digitized 10 times with an extraoral scanner (D250; 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) and 10 times with the iTero. Virtual models provided by each method were roughly aligned, and the model edges were trimmed with cutting planes to create common borders (Rapidform XOR; Inus Technologies, Seoul, Korea). A second model alignment was then performed along the closest distances of the surfaces (Artec Studio software; Artec Group, Luxembourg, Luxembourg). To assess precision, deviations between corresponding models were compared. Repeated intraoral scanning was evaluated in group 1, repeated extraoral model scanning with the iTero was assessed in group 2, and repeated model scanning with the D250 was assessed in group 3. Deviations between models were measured and expressed as maximums, means, medians, and root mean square errors for quantitative analysis. Color-coded displays of the deviations allowed qualitative visualization of the deviations. RESULTS The greatest deviations and therefore the lowest precision were in group 1, with mean deviations of 50 μm, median deviations of 37 μm, and root mean square errors of 73 μm. Group 2 showed a higher precision, with mean deviations of 25 μm, median deviations of 18 μm, and root mean square errors of 51 μm. Scanning with the D250 had the highest precision, with mean deviations of 10 μm, median deviations of 5 μm, and root mean square errors of 20 μm. Intraoral and extraoral scanning with the iTero resulted in deviations at the facial surfaces of the anterior teeth and the buccal molar surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Scanning with the iTero is less accurate than scanning with the D250. Intraoral scanning with the iTero is less accurate than model scanning with the iTero, suggesting that the intraoral conditions (saliva, limited spacing) contribute to the inaccuracy of a scan. For treatment planning and manufacturing of tooth-supported appliances, virtual models created with the iTero can be used. An extended scanning protocol could improve the scanning results in some regions.
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Digital 3D image of bimaxillary casts connected by a vestibular scan. J Orofac Orthop 2013; 74:309-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-013-0152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Maxillary reaction patterns identified by three-dimensional analysis of casts from infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate. J Orofac Orthop 2013; 74:275-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-013-0153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sforza C, De Menezes M, Bresciani E, Cerón-Zapata AM, López-Palacio AM, Rodriguez-Ardila MJ, Berrio-Gutiérrez LM. Evaluation of a 3D Stereophotogrammetric Technique to Measure the Stone Casts of Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2012; 49:477-83. [DOI: 10.1597/10-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess a three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric method for palatal cast digitization of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Design As part of a collaboration between the University of Milan (Italy) and the University CES of Medellin (Colombia), 96 palatal cast models obtained from neonatal patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate were obtained and digitized using a three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric imaging system. Main Outcome Measures Three-dimensional measurements (cleft width, depth, length) were made separately for the longer and shorter cleft segments on the digital dental cast surface between landmarks, previously marked. Seven linear measurements were computed. Systematic and random errors between operators' tracings, and accuracy on geometric objects of known size were calculated. In addition, mean measurements from three-dimensional stereophotographs were compared statistically with those from direct anthropometry. Results The three-dimensional method presented good accuracy error (<0.9%) on measuring geometric objects. No systematic errors between operators' measurements were found ( p > .05). Statistically significant differences ( p < 5%) were noted for different methods (caliper versus stereophotogrammetry) for almost all distances analyzed, with mean absolute difference values ranging between 0.22 and 3.41 mm. Therefore, rates for the technical error of measurement and relative error magnitude were scored as moderate for Ag-Am and poor for Ag-Pg and Am-Pm distances. Generally, caliper values were larger than three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric values. Conclusions Three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric systems have some advantages over direct anthropometry, and therefore the method could be sufficiently precise and accurate on palatal cast digitization with unilateral cleft lip and palate. This would be useful for clinical analyses in maxillofacial, plastic, and aesthetic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiarella Sforza
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche “Città Studi,” Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marcio De Menezes
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche “Città Studi,” Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Bresciani
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche “Città Studi,” Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ana M. Cerón-Zapata
- Postgraduate Program, Pediatric Dentistry and Preventive Orthodontics, Universidad CES, and Specialist, Pediatric Dentistry and Preventive Orthodontics, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana M. López-Palacio
- Postgraduate Program, Pediatric Dentistry and Preventive Orthodontics, Universidad CES, and Specialist, Comprehensive Dentistry for Children, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Myriam J. Rodriguez-Ardila
- Postgraduate Program, Pediatric Dentistry and Preventive Orthodontics, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lina M. Berrio-Gutiérrez
- Postgraduate Program, Pediatric Dentistry and Preventive Orthodontics, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
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Hofmann E, Rodich M, Hirschfelder U. The topography of displaced canines: a 3D-CT study. J Orofac Orthop 2011; 72:247-52, 254-60. [PMID: 21826539 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-011-0029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the development of a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate system for radiologic volumetric data, allowing the analysis of the tooth axis of displaced teeth in relation to the occlusal, frontal, and sagittal reference planes. PATIENTS AND METHODS The data basis consisted of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) data of 37 patients with displaced upper canines. A total of 20 patients displayed unilateral displacement and 17 patients bilateral displacement (n = 54). The non-displaced canines of the opposite side served as the reference group (n = 20), together with MSCT data of 6 patients with non-displaced canines (n = 12). Three reference planes were constructed in the VoXim®5.6 program using landmarks (apex point and tip of the canine, incision point of the lower jaw, mesiobuccal tip of the lower left and right first molar, A-point). The tooth axis of the canines was analyzed in relation to these planes. RESULTS The angle to the frontal plane was only slightly smaller in non-displaced canines (mean: 17.53°) than in palatally displaced canines (mean: 19.62°), which however exhibited a considerably greater range (0.40-38.00°). In contrast, the mean angle in buccally displaced canines was 32.79°. Both the differences between the reference group and buccally displaced canines and those between the palatally and buccally displaced canines were statistically significant. The angles for buccal (55.16°) and palatal (56.63°) displacement relative to the occlusal plane were significantly smaller than for the non-displaced teeth (70.95°). However, the range of palatal displacement was high (27.3-80.6°). The inclination towards the sagittal plane was slight for non-displaced canines (mean 6.07°) and for buccally displaced canines (mean 8.25°). The mean angle of palatally displaced canines was significantly larger (23.28°) than that in the other groups, with a much greater range (6.70-50.80°). CONCLUSION The 3D coordinate system developed in this study allows the exact measurement of tooth position relative to three spatial planes, thus, enabling tooth position to be objectively determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hofmann
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinik Erlangen, Glückstr. 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Titiz I, Laubinger M, Keller T, Hertrich K, Hirschfelder U. Repeatability and reproducibility of landmarks--a three-dimensional computed tomography study. Eur J Orthod 2011; 34:276-86. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjq190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irem Titiz
- Department of Orthodontics, University Dental School of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Steinhäuser-Andresen S, Detterbeck A, Funk C, Krumm M, Kasperl S, Holst A, Hirschfelder U. Pilot study on accuracy and dimensional stability of impression materials using industrial CT technology. J Orofac Orthop 2011; 72:111-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-011-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hofmann E, Medelnik J, Keller T, Steinhäuser S, Hirschfelder U. Measuring mesiodistal width of impacted maxillary canines: CT-assisted determination. J Orofac Orthop 2011; 72:33-44. [PMID: 21484544 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-010-0005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Precise, three-dimensional localization of impacted maxillary canines is central to their clinical management. Predicting precisely the crown's mesiodistal width is paramount in planning orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to verify the exact mesiodistal width of impacted canines via MSCT (multislice spiral computed tomography) examinations. PATIENTS AND METHODS 3D MSCT images from 17 patients with a total of 24 impacted maxillary canines were taken to obtain the largest mesiodistal diameter using mesial and distal contact points. All existing maxillary canines were included in this study. Mesiodistal tooth width was also determined using callipers on a plaster model after canine eruption. Each measurement was taken twice by 3 observers after a 10-day interval. Statistical analysis entailed calculating and comparing the systematic error, intrarater and interrater standard deviations (Deming regression and ANOVA with random effects). RESULTS Comparison of the different methods revealed good agreement between the pre-eruption and post-eruption values regarding the canine's mesiodistal width. Total standard deviation was 0.16 mm for values obtained from MSCT measurements and 0.12 mm for those taken with callipers. For both methods intrarater measurement error differed by a factor of 2 (repeatability; model versus MSCT: 0.07 mm versus 0.12 mm), while interrater deviation did not differ significantly (reproducibility; model versus MSCT: 0.10 mm versus 0.10 mm). The reproducibility of our measurements whether taken on the model or with CT was below biological variability. CONCLUSIONS The volumetric data from an MSCT system gives highly accurate information on the mesiodistal width of displaced canines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hofmann
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Hofmann E, Medelnik J, Fink M, Lell M, Hirschfelder U. Three-dimensional volume tomographic study of the imaging accuracy of impacted teeth: MSCT and CBCT comparison--an in vitro study. Eur J Orthod 2011; 35:286-94. [PMID: 21378093 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjr030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the imaging accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data sets compared with multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) data sets in determining the exact mesiodistal width of unerupted porcine tooth germs and to compare the radiologically obtained results of width measurements with the actual mesiodistal dimension of the tooth germs. In MSCT and CBCT data sets, the largest diameter of 24 tooth germs was determined with the aid of the mesial and distal contact points. The reference method used was mesiodistal width measurement using sliding callipers after the tooth germs had been osteotomized. Accuracy and precision were ascertained with difference plots and a one-way model II analysis of variance with random effects. Analysis of accuracy revealed marked differences between the measuring methods in the difference plot: slightly higher mean values were measured by MSCT and markedly lower values by CBCT than by the reference method (calliper); the mean deviation was significantly greater for CBCT. The width of the confidence interval in the comparison of CBCT versus clinical measurements is more than 4 times higher than in the comparison of MSCT versus clinical values. Precision analysis found that repeatability was twice as high with CBCT as with clinical measurement, whereas MSCT and clinical measurement differed only slightly. The mesiodistal width of displaced teeth can be determined by MSCT but also by CBCT. MSCT is superior to CBCT in determining tooth width; the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hofmann
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Zahnklinik 3-Kieferorthopädie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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The Reproducibility of Landmarks on Threedimensional Images of 4- to 6-year-old Children. J Orofac Orthop 2010; 71:256-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-010-9946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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