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Revisiting the Complications of Orthodontic Miniscrew. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8720412. [PMID: 35958810 PMCID: PMC9359838 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8720412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Miniscrew has been used widely as an effective orthodontic anchorage with reliable stationary quality, ease of insertion and removal techniques, immediate or early loading, flexibility in site insertion, less trauma, minimal patient cooperation, and lower price. Nonetheless, it is not free of complications, and they could impact not only the miniscrew success rate but also patients’ oral health. In this article, literature was searched and reviewed electronically as well as manually to evaluate the complications of orthodontic miniscrew. The selected articles are analyzed and subcategorized into complications during and after insertion, under loading, and during and after removal along with treatment if needed according to the time. In addition, the noteworthy associated factors such as the insertion and removal procedures, characteristics of both regional and local anatomic structures, and features of the miniscrew itself that play a significant role in the performance of miniscrews are also discussed based on literature evidence. Clinicians should notice these complications and their related factors to make a proper treatment plan with better outcomes.
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Assessment of the bone thickness of the palate on cone-beam computed tomography for placement of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 161:849-857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nenen F, Garnica N, Rojas V, Oyonarte R. Comparison of the primary stability of orthodontic miniscrews after repeated insertion cycles. Angle Orthod 2021; 91:336-342. [PMID: 33378455 DOI: 10.2319/050120-375.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the primary stability of miniscrews after repeated cycles of insertion through insertion torque (IT) measurements and resonance frequency analysis (RFA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty titanium miniscrews were divided into two groups according to the insertion protocol: one with predrilled sites and the other self-drilled into porcine iliac crest bone specimens. Each group had three cycles of reinsertion. After each insertion, the IT and RFA were measured. The IT was measured by using a torque meter, and the RFA was measured using the Osstell ISQ device. A total of five miniscrews of each group were selected for sequential assessment of the morphology of their tip and threads using scanning electron microscopy after each insertion cycle. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found in the IT values of miniscrews reinserted up to three times in the group with predrilled surgical sites. The IT value increased significantly with the number of reinsertions in the self-drilled group. The RFA value decreased as the number of insertions increased in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Under the conditions of this in vitro study, reinserting miniscrews deteriorates the integrity of their tip and thread. Reinsertion should be discouraged particularly when insertion sites are not predrilled.
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Costa ACDF, Maia TAC, de Barros Silva PG, Abreu LG, Gondim DV, Santos PCF. Effects of low-level laser therapy on the orthodontic mini-implants stability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Orthod 2021; 22:6. [PMID: 33586080 PMCID: PMC7882650 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-021-00350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the orthodontic mini-implants (OMI) stability. Materials and methods An unrestricted electronic database search in PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov and a hand search were performed up to December 2020. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or non-randomized clinical trials (Non-RCTs) that assessed the effects of LLLT on the OMI stability were included. Data regarding the general information, LLLT characteristics, and outcomes were extracted. The authors performed risk of bias assessment with Cochrane Collaboration’s or ROBINS-I tool. Meta-analysis was also conducted. Results Five RCTs and one Non-RCT were included and 108 patients were evaluated. The LLLT characteristics presented different wavelength, power, energy density, irradiation time, and protocol duration. Five RCTs had a low risk of selection bias. Two RCTs had a low risk of performance and detection bias. All RCTs had a low risk of attrition bias, reporting bias and other bias. The Non-RCT presented a low risk of bias for all criteria, except for the bias in selection of participants. The meta-analysis revealed that LLLT significantly increased the OMI stability (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.67) and the highest clinical benefit was showed after 1 (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.75), 2 (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.21), and 3 (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.51) months of OMI placement. Conclusions LLLT shows positive effects on the OMI stability. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40510-021-00350-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina de Figueiredo Costa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Monsenhor Furtado Street, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-350, Brazil.
| | - Thays Allane Cordeiro Maia
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Monsenhor Furtado Street, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-350, Brazil
| | - Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Monsenhor Furtado Street, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-350, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Delane Viana Gondim
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Monsenhor Furtado Street, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-350, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Pedro César Fernandes Santos
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Monsenhor Furtado Street, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-350, Brazil
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Effects of Intrabony Length and Cortical Bone Density on the Primary Stability of Orthodontic Miniscrews. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13245615. [PMID: 33317089 PMCID: PMC7763864 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Miniscrews have gained recent popularity as temporary anchorage devices in orthodontic treatments, where failure due to sinus perforations or damage to the neighboring roots have increased. Issues regarding miniscrews in insufficient interradicular space must also be resolved. This study aimed to evaluate the primary stability of miniscrews shorter than 6 mm and their feasibility in artificial bone with densities of 30, 40, and 50 pounds per cubic foot (pcf). The primary stability was evaluated by adjusting the intrabony miniscrew length, based on several physical properties: maximum insertion torque (MIT), maximum removal torque (MRT), removal angular momentum (RAM), horizontal resistance, and micromotion. The MIT and micromotion results demonstrated that the intrabony length of a miniscrew significantly affected its stability in low-density cortical bone, unlike cases with a higher cortical bone density (p < 0.05). The horizontal resistance, MRT, and RAM were affected by the intrabony length, regardless of the bone density (p < 0.05). Thus, the primary stability of miniscrews was affected by both the cortical bone density and intrabony length. The effect of the intrabony length was more significant in low-density cortical bone, where the implantation depth increased as more energy was required to remove the miniscrew. This facilitated higher resistance and a lower risk of falling out.
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Tsatalis AE, Watanabe K, Mitchell B, Kim DG, Lee DJ, Zheng F, Kyung HM, Deguchi T. Mechanical and clinical evaluation of the effect of microscrew on root proximity and cortical bone thickness. Eur J Orthod 2020; 42:206-210. [PMID: 31075176 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Primary stability is required for successful use of microscrew. This study investigated correlations among biomechanical, morphological, and clinical values in relationship to root contact and different placement locations. MATERIALS/METHODS Thirty-three microscrews were placed between the molars (n = 18) or in the body of the mandible (n = 15) in three pigs. Insertion torque, Periotest, resonance frequency analysis (RFA), and static and dynamic stiffness were measured. Cone beam computed tomography was performed before and after the insertion of microscrews. Interproximal microscrews were divided into root contacted microscrews (n = 9) and non-root contact microscrews (n = 9). Factorial analysis of variance was conducted, with significance set at P < 0.05. RESULTS A significant difference was observed between bodily and root contacted microscrews in Periotest, RFA, static and dynamic stiffness, Tanδ, and bone density (RFA, P = 0.045; all others, P < 0.001). A significant difference was observed between bodily and non-root contact microscrews in Periotest, RFA, and bone density (RFA, P = 0.025; all others, P < 0.001). A significant difference was observed in static (P = 0.01) and dynamic (P = 0.038) stiffness between microscrews with and without contact. Dynamic stiffness (P = 0.02) and Tanδ (P = 0.03) showed significant correlations with Periotest results only in bodily microscrews. LIMITATIONS Since a pig bone was used, some differences in the quality and quantity of the bone might be observed between humans. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Stiffness values distinguished between microscrews with and without contact. Periotest and RFA results indicated that bodily microscrews were more stable than interproximal microscrews. Periotest and RFA may be useful with large, microscrews and/or in thick cortical bone, but further investigation is required to determine the stability of interproximal microscrews.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiichiro Watanabe
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | | | - Do-Gyoon Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Damian J Lee
- Division of Restorative Sciences and Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, USA
| | - Fengyuan Zheng
- Division of Restorative Sciences and Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, USA
| | - Hee-Moon Kyung
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Toru Deguchi
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus
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Lyu X, Guo J, Chen L, Gao Y, Liu L, Pu L, Lai W, Long H. Assessment of available sites for palatal orthodontic mini-implants through cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod 2020; 90:516-523. [PMID: 33378492 PMCID: PMC8028458 DOI: 10.2319/070719-457.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the palatal thickness of both hard and soft tissues and to determine safe regions for the placement of mini-implants. The influences of sex and age on palatal thickness were also examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cone-beam computed tomography images of 30 patients (12 males, 18 females), including 15 adults and 15 adolescents, were used in this study. The thicknesses of palatal hard tissue, soft tissue, and hard+soft tissues were measured at the coronal planes of first premolars, second premolars, first molars, and second molars (P1, P2, M1, and M2 planes, respectively). RESULTS The hard tissue was thickest at the P1 plane, followed by at the P2, M1, and M2 planes, while the thickness of soft tissue was similar among the four planes. The trends in the changes of palatal thickness from midline to the lateral sides (V-pattern) were similar for the four planes. Palatal thickness was influenced by sex, age, and their interaction. Mapping of recommended and optimal sites for palatal mini-implants was accomplished. CONCLUSIONS Sex and age factors could influence palatal thickness. Therefore, the findings might be helpful for clinicians in guiding them to choose the optimal sites for palatal mini-implants.
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Nienkemper M, Willmann JH, Drescher D. Long-term stability behavior of paramedian palatal mini-implants: A repeated cross-sectional study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 157:165-171. [PMID: 32005467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The initial stability of orthodontic mini-implants is well investigated over a period of 6 weeks. There is no clinical data available dealing with the long-term stability. The aim of this study was the assessment of long-term stability of paramedian palatal mini-implants in humans. METHODS Stability of 20 implants was measured after removal of the orthodontic appliance (sliding mechanics for sagittal molar movement 200 cN each side) before explantation (T4) using resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Data were compared with a matched group of 21 mini-implants assessing the stability immediately after insertion, and after 2, 4, and 6 weeks (T0-T3). The mini-implants used in this study were machined self-drilling titanium implants (2.0 × 9.0 mm). Gingival thickness at the insertion site was 1-2 mm. RESULTS The implant stability quotient (ISQ) values before removal of the implant at T4 were 25.2 ± 2.9 after 1.7 ± 0.2 years and did not show a statistically significant change over time compared with the initial healing group (T0-T3). CONCLUSIONS Comparing the stability of mini-implants just after completion of the healing period and at the end of their respective usage period revealed no significant difference. An increase of secondary stability could not be detected. The level of stability seemed to be appropriate for orthodontic anchorage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nienkemper
- Private practice, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Orthodontics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan H Willmann
- Department of Orthodontics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dieter Drescher
- Department of Orthodontics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Sadr Haghighi AH, Pouyafar V, Navid A, Eskandarinezhad M, Abdollahzadeh Baghaei T. Investigation of the optimal design of orthodontic mini-implants based on the primary stability: A finite element analysis. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2019; 13:85-89. [PMID: 31592304 PMCID: PMC6773917 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2019.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The design of an orthodontic mini-implant is a significant factor in determining its primary stability and its clinical success. The aim of this study was to measure the relative effect of mini-implant design factors on primary stability of orthodontic mini-implants.
Methods. Thirty-two 3-dimensional assemblies of mini-implant models with their surrounding bone were generated using finite element analysis software. The maximum displacement of each mini-implant model was measured as they were loaded with a 2-N horizontal force. Employing Taguchi’s design of experiments as a statistical method, the contribution of each design factor to primary stability was calculated. As a result of the great effect of the upper diameter and length, to better detect the impact of the remaining design factors, another set of 25 models with a fixed amount of length and diameter was generated and evaluated.
Results. The diameter and length showed a great impact on the primary stability in the first set of experiments (P<0.05). According to the second set of experiments, increased taper angle in the threaded and non-threaded area decreased the primary stability. There was also an optimum amount of 2.5 mm for threaded taper length beyond which the primary stability decreased.
Conclusion. It is advisable to increase the diameter and length if primary stability is at risk. In the second place, a minimum amount of taper angle, both in the threaded and non-threaded area with an approximate proportion of 20% of threaded taper length to MI length, would be desirable for MIs with a moderate size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hooman Sadr Haghighi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Pouyafar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Navid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Eskandarinezhad
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Pan CY, Liu PH, Tseng YC, Chou ST, Wu CY, Chang HP. Effects of cortical bone thickness and trabecular bone density on primary stability of orthodontic mini-implants. J Dent Sci 2019; 14:383-388. [PMID: 31890126 PMCID: PMC6921117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Mini-implant screws are now routinely used as anchorage devices in orthodontic treatments. This study used synthetic bone models to investigate how the primary stability of an orthodontic mini-implant (OMI) as measured by resonance frequency (RF) is affected by varying cortical bone thickness and trabecular bone density. Materials and methods Three synthetic cortical shells (thicknesses of 1, 2, and 3 mm) and three polyurethane foam blocks (densities of 40, 20, and 10 pound/cubic foot) were used to represent jawbones of varying cortical bone thicknesses and varying trabecular bone densities. Twenty-five stainless steel OMIs (2 × 10 mm) were sequentially inserted into artificial bone blocks to depths of 2, 4, and 6 mm. Five experimental groups of bone blocks with OMIs were examined by Implomates® RF analyzer. Statistical and correlation analyses were performed by Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and simple linear regression. Results As trabecular bone density decreased, RF decreased; as cortical bone thickness decreased, RF also decreased. Simple linear regression analysis showed highly linear correlations between trabecular bone density and RF (R2 > 0.99; P < 0.0001) and between cortical bone thickness and RF (R2 > 0.98; P < 0.0001). Conclusion The stability of an OMI at the time of placement is influenced by both cortical bone thickness and trabecular bone density. Both cortical bone thickness and trabecular bone density have strong linear correlations with RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yun Pan
- School of Dentistry and Graduate Program of Dental Science (Orthodontics), College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Hsin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University (Medical Campus), Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Tseng
- School of Dentistry and Graduate Program of Dental Science (Orthodontics), College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ting Chou
- School of Dentistry and Graduate Program of Dental Science (Orthodontics), College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yi Wu
- School of Dentistry and Graduate Program of Dental Science (Orthodontics), College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Po Chang
- School of Dentistry and Graduate Program of Dental Science (Orthodontics), College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry (Orthodontics), Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, San-Min District, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Evaluation of the surface damage of dental implants caused by different surgical protocols: an in vitro study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 48:971-981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ichinohe M, Motoyoshi M, Inaba M, Uchida Y, Kaneko M, Matsuike R, Shimizu N. Risk factors for failure of orthodontic mini-screws placed in the median palate. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:13-18. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Ichinohe
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Mitsuru Motoyoshi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Mizuki Inaba
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Yasuki Uchida
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Reiko Matsuike
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Noriyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Gripping and Anchoring Effects on the Mechanical Strengths of Orthodontic Microimplants. IMPLANT DENT 2018; 27:288-293. [PMID: 29781832 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical strengths in 5 different designs of orthodontic microimplants by analyzing their configuration of structure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty microimplants of 5 types (diameter 1.5 mm: type A, B, and C; diameter 1.3 mm: type D and E) were assessed. All microimplants were manually driven into the artificial bones at a 7-mm depth. The anchor area (AA), gripping area (GA), insertion torque (IT), Periotest value (PTV), and pullout strength (PS) were measured. Intergroup and intragroup comparisons were used to detect their significant differences. RESULTS In the intergroup comparison, type D had a least IT (4.5 Ncm). In the PTV analysis, type B had the largest AA (7.76 mm) and its PTV (1.6) was significantly least than the others. In the PS test, type C had the largest GA (2.40 mm) and its PS was the largest. Intragroup comparisons (IT and PS), type A, and type E presented positively significant correlation. GA revealed positive with PS, and AA showed reverse tendency with PTV. CONCLUSION The more AA of microimplants, the more stable they are. The more GA of microimplants, the more PS they are. Therefore, type C was better than the others because it had the largest GA and second largest AA.
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