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Stoustrup P, Resnick CM, Pedersen TK, Abramowicz S, Michelotti A, Küseler A, Verna C, Kellenberger CJ, Nordal EB, Caserta G, Jankovska I, Halbig JM, Kristensen KD, Arvidsson LZ, Spiegel L, Stoll ML, Lerman M, Glerup M, Defabianis P, Frid P, Alstergren P, Cron RQ, Ringold S, Nørholt SE, Peltomäki T, Herlin T, Peacock ZS, Twilt M. Standardizing Terminology and Assessment for Orofacial Conditions in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: International, Multidisciplinary Consensus-based Recommendations. J Rheumatol 2019; 46:518-522. [PMID: 30647179 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To propose multidisciplinary, consensus-based, standardization of operational terminology and method of assessment for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHODS Using a sequential expert group-defined terminology and methods-of-assessment approach by (1) establishment of task force, (2) item generation, (3) working group consensus, (4) external expert content validity testing, and (5) multidisciplinary group of experts final Delphi survey consensus. RESULTS Seven standardized operational terms were defined: TMJ arthritis, TMJ involvement, TMJ arthritis management, dentofacial deformity, TMJ deformity, TMJ symptoms, and TMJ dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Definition of 7 operational standardized terms provides an optimal platform for communication across healthcare providers involved in JIA-TMJ arthritis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stoustrup
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. .,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital.
| | - Cory M Resnick
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Thomas Klit Pedersen
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Shelly Abramowicz
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Ambra Michelotti
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Annelise Küseler
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Carlalberta Verna
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Christian J Kellenberger
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Ellen Berit Nordal
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Giuliana Caserta
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Iveta Jankovska
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Josefine Mareile Halbig
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Kasper Dahl Kristensen
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Linda Z Arvidsson
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Lynn Spiegel
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Mathew L Stoll
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Melissa Lerman
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Mia Glerup
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Patrizia Defabianis
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Paula Frid
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Per Alstergren
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Randy Q Cron
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Sarah Ringold
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Sven Erik Nørholt
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Timo Peltomäki
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Troels Herlin
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Zachary S Peacock
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
| | - Marinka Twilt
- From the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II, Naples; Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Section of Orthodontics, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway; The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmo and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,P. Stoustrup, Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; C.M. Resnick, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital; T.K. Pedersen, PhD, Consultant Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University; S. Abramowicz, DMD, MPH, FACS, Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; A. Michelotti, DDS, Orthodontist, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federica II; A. Küseler, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Hospital; C. Verna, DDS, PhD, Professor, Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB, University Center for Dental Medicine; C.J. Kellenberger, MD, Prof., Dr. med., Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich; E. Berit Nordal, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway; G. Caserta, DDS, Lecturer, CIR - Dental School, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Turin; I. Jankovska, DDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rigas Stradins University; J.M. Halbig, Dr. med. Dent., DDS, The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway; K.D. Kristensen, DDS, PhD, Guest Researcher, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University; L.Z. Arvidsson, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo; L. Spiegel, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto; M.L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS, University of Alabama at Birmingham; M. Lerman, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; M. Glerup, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital; P. Defabianis, MD, DDS, Associate Professor, Chairman and Program Director of Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin; P. Frid, DDS, Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, and Public Dental Service Competence Centre of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway; P. Alstergren, DDS, PhD, Malmo University, Faculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain Unit, and Skane University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; S. Ringold, MD, MS, Seattle Children's Hospital; S.E. Nørholt, DDS, PhD, Clinical Professor, Consultant Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, and Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Aarhus University; T. Peltomäki, DDS, PhD, Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Institute of Dentistry and University of Eastern Finland; T. Herlin, MD, DMSci, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Z.S. Peacock, DMD, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine; M. Twilt, MD, MSCE, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital
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