[ESC guidelines on sports cardiology 2020 : Which sports can be performed with heart diseases?]

An Evaluation of 7279 Sports Injuries from a Level 1 Trauma Center with a Focus on Gender Differences

Purpose: Hardly any other topic is as current as the gender-conscious medical treatment of every individual. Similarly, in sports, there are crucial differences that should be considered in order to treat everyone appropriately, with the aim to prevent injuries according to their needs. The objective of this study is to show that the differences between biological males and females are so significant that they require both specific injury prevention and therapy programs. Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of letters from a department of orthopedics and trauma surgery between the years 2000 and 2015. Results: The analysis of 20,567 inpatient and outpatient letters of a level 1 trauma center in Germany revealed that 5455 patients suffered 7279 injuries; 1475 of the patients were female and suffered 2035 injuries, and 3890 patients were male and suffered 5244 injuries. Conclusion: The results show the differences between males and females with regard to sport-specific injuries, pointing out the sex differences in the sport-specific area in relation to the body region.

[Sports cardiology 2021 - what's new?]

The recently published guidelines "Sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease" (2020) are the first of a kind by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). The guidelines provide comprehensive training recommendations for patients with cardiovascular diseases or risk factors, covering the entire spectrum of cardiovascular diseases with case-specific recommendations for recreational and competitive sports.The ESC recognizes exercise as an essential part of both prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases, that - comparable to drug therapies - requires correct prescription.The initial cardiac examination is used for individual risk stratification and is indispensable for individualized training recommendations addressing training frequency, duration and intensity, as well as type of sport.Thus, the question is not whether a patient with cardiovascular disease shall be allowed to exercise, but rather how he can safely perform it. Only in exceptional cases exercise therapy is (temporarily) contraindicated.COVID-19 can lead to cardiovascular complications even in asymptomatic and mild disease courses. Before resuming intense sporting activities, different return-to-sports protocols have been introduced. The current consensus is that the extent of these examinations should be based on symptoms, severity and duration of COVID-19 and that individual return-to-training recommendations should be given.