[Postoperative complications in plastic surgery]

The Impact of Obesity on Plastic Surgery Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Obesity is a potential risk factor for complications in plastic surgeries. However, the data presented by primary studies are contradictory.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to summarize and clarify the divergences in the literature to provide a better understanding of the impact of obesity in different plastic surgery procedures.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of obesity on plastic surgery outcomes. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Opengrey.eu, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The primary outcomes assessed were surgical complications, medical complications, and reoperation rates. The secondary outcome assessed was patient satisfaction. Subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the impact of each BMI category on the outcomes.

RESULTS

Ninety-three articles were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 91 were used in the meta-analysis. Obese participants were 1.62 times more likely to present any of the primary outcomes (95% CI, 1.48-1.77; P < 0.00001). The highest increase in risk among plastic surgery types was observed in cosmetic procedures (risk ratio [RR], 1.80; 95% CI, 1.43-2.32; P < 0.00001). Compared with normal-weight participants, overweight participants presented a significantly increased RR for complications (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07-1.27; P = 0.0004). Most authors found no relation between BMI and overall patient satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS

Obesity leads to more complications and greater incidence of reoperation compared with nonobese patients undergoing plastic surgeries. However, this effect is not evident in reconstructive surgeries in areas of the body other than the breast.

Self-audit in plastic surgery: toward total quality management of personal professional practice

Researchers did not describe before the process of self-audit as proposed in this research. A new concept of total quality management of personal professional practice (TQM-PPP) is introduced. A prospective audit of a personal professional practice, clinical and academic, for the first 7 years as a consultant plastic surgeon is described. The number of patients reported was 248; 145 (59.4%) were male patients and 99 (40.6%) were female patients, of whom 159 (65.2%) and 85 (34.8%) were Saudis and non-Saudis, respectively. Sources of admission were mainly emergency (118, 47.8%) and outpatient departments (115, 46.6%). Operations were performed in 177 (72%) of patients; the author was the actual surgeon in 155 (62.5%) of patients, which were classified as intermediate (48.3%), major (38.4%), minor (12.6%), and major complex (0.7%). Operations were elective in 109 patients (61.6%), and the rest were emergencies. Clinicopathologic typing was mostly traumatic in 108 patients (59%), followed by aesthetic in 42 patients (23.0%). The region most operated on was the upper limb and then the head and neck; 89 (70.6%) of operations were done in 2 hours. Six complications were detected. Significant relations observed between clinicopathologic typing and age groups, nationality, and sex. However, no significant difference was detected between adults and pediatric age groups or between elective and emergency cases with respect to total hospital stay. There was no significant difference in the mean length of stay in relation to age groups. Various academic achievements in the same period and the pyramid of TQM-PPP are included. In conclusion, it was a satisfying experience, and I encourage other colleagues to do the same. Identifying the zone of practice of the individual consultant/health professional, designing audit tools for each, and accurate record keeping; using specific staff for data collection, entry, and analysis; and developing outcome evaluation techniques from patients and health care providers are the tools to achieve TQM-PPP.