Ektoparasitosen: Teil 2: Bettwanzen, Haarbalgmilben, Sandfloh und Larva migrans cutanea

[Topical treatment of infections, tumors and hyperkeratotic disorders]

In this review substances for the topical treatment of skin infections, skin tumors and hyperkeratotic disorders are presented. Substances with specific actions as topical antimycotic, antibiotic, antiseptic, antiviral and antiparasitic agents as well as diclofenac in hyaluronic acid, 5-fluoruracil, imiquimod, ingenol mebutate, bexarotene, mechlorethamine, BCNU, alitretinoin, silicone gel, salicylic acid and urea are discussed with respect to their mode of action, indication and side effects.

[Inflammatory dermatoses]

The seven basic patterns of inflammatory dermatoses according to Ackerman can be applied to infectious dermatoses. However, it should be borne in mind that infection caused by one agent may induce differing patterns according to the stage of disease. Dermatophytosis and the arthropod reaction belong to perivascular dermatoses with spongiosis. Secondary syphilis and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans regularly show a lichenoid infiltrate with interface dermatitis, whereas epidermal involvement is typically absent in erythema migrans, virus exanthema and bacillary angiomatosis. Lupus vulgaris, atypic mycobacteriosis, lepra, actinomycosis, cutaneous leishmaniosis and erysipelas belong to the nodular and diffuse dermatoses. In the group of vasculitides, septic vasculitis is induced by a biological agent, and the pattern of vesicular dermatitis is reflected by infections with herpes viruses, impetigo contagiosa and staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome. Follicular dermatitis shows a pattern of furuncles and carbuncles which are mainly caused by bacteria or fungi.