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Wang S, Qian H, Zhang L, Liu P, Zhuang D, Zhang Q, Bai F, Wang Z, Yan Y, Guo J, Huang J, Wu X. Inhibition of Calcineurin/NFAT Signaling Blocks Oncogenic H-Ras Induced Autophagy in Primary Human Keratinocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720111. [PMID: 34350189 PMCID: PMC8328491 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of H-Ras, a member of the RAS family, are preferentially found in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). H-Ras has been reported to induce autophagy, which plays an essential role in tissue homeostasis in multiple types of cancer cells and in fibroblasts, however, the potential role of H-Ras in regulating autophagy in human keratinocytes has not been reported. In this study, we found that the stable expression of the G12V mutant of H-RAS (H-Ras G12V ) induced autophagy in human keratinocytes, and interestingly, the induction of autophagy was strongly blocked by inhibiting the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway with either a calcineurin inhibitor (Cyclosporin A) or a NFAT inhibitor (VIVIT), or by the small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated knockdown of calcineurin B1 or NFATc1 in vitro, as well as in vivo. To characterize the role of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway in H-Ras induced autophagy, we found that H-Ras G12V promoted the nuclear translocation of NFATc1, an indication of the activation of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway, in human keratinocytes. However, activation of NFATc1 either by the forced expression of NFATc1 or by treatment with phenformin, an AMPK activator, did not increase the formation of autophagy in human keratinocytes. Further study revealed that inhibiting the calcineurin/NFAT pathway actually suppressed H-Ras expression in H-Ras G12V overexpressing cells. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that NFATc1 potentially binds the promoter region of H-Ras and the binding efficiency was significantly enhanced by the overexpression of H-Ras G12V , which was abolished by treatment with the calcineurin/NFAT pathway inhibitors cyclosporine A (CsA) or VIVIT. Taking these data together, the present study demonstrates that the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway controls H-Ras expression and interacts with the H-Ras pathway, involving the regulation of H-Ras induced autophagy in human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Qian
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Dexuan Zhuang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Fuxiang Bai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yonggan Yan
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies, Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Savaid Stomatology School of Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies, Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Rueter L, Ramadori P, Ulrich M, Jung S, Kardorff B, Lademann J. Reflectance confocal microscopy for noninvasive examination of nonmelanocytic tumors and virus-associated skin lesions in organ transplant recipients. Skin Res Technol 2019; 26:376-389. [PMID: 31802548 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced immunosuppression is necessary to prevent rejection of the foreign organ in transplanted patients, but neoplastic and virus-associated skin diseases are frequent complications. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) recently emerged as a promising tool for the early diagnosis of skin lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 61 skin lesions, among them 20 basal cell carcinomas, six Bowen's diseases, 23 actinic keratoses, and 12 verrucae, were analyzed. All lesions were clinically evaluated followed by RCM evaluation by two independent dermatologists and histological examination. RESULTS For the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, a sensitivity of 100% by both investigators (INV I + II) and a specificity of 100% by INV I and 80% by INV II were achieved. The sensitivity average rate for RCM features reached by both investigators ranged between 60% and 100%, and the specificity between 55% and 90%. For the diagnosis of actinic keratosis, a concordant sensitivity of 94.4% and a specificity of 80% (INV I) and 60% (INV II) were detected. The sensitivity average rate of specific RCM criteria ranged between 72.3% and 97.2%, whereas specificity ranged between 20% and 90%. Regarding verrucae, RCM confirmed the histological diagnosis with a sensitivity of 85.7% (INV I) and 100% (INV II), while specificity was 100% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION Reflectance confocal microscopy resulted to be a reliable tool for the noninvasive diagnosis of neoplastic and virus-associated skin changes in organ transplant recipients. Nevertheless, given the frequency and diagnostic complexity of the hyperkeratotic lesions occurring post-transplantation, larger cohorts of patients are required to confirm and consolidate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Rueter
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Berlin Institute of Health, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierluigi Ramadori
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sora Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Berlin Institute of Health, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Kardorff
- Gemeinschaftspraxis für Dermatologie, Allergologie, Phlebologie und Umweltmedizin Mönchengladbach, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Juergen Lademann
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Berlin Institute of Health, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Dziunycz PJ, Lefort K, Wu X, Freiberger SN, Neu J, Djerbi N, Iotzowa-Weiss G, French LE, Dotto GP, Hofbauer GFL. The oncogene ATF3 is potentiated by cyclosporine A and ultraviolet light A. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:1998-2004. [PMID: 24509533 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents the most important cutaneous complication following organ transplantation. It develops mostly on sun-exposed areas. A recent study showed the role of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in SCC development following treatment with calcineurin inhibitors. It has been reported that ATF3, which may act as an oncogene, is under negative calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) control and is upregulated by calcineurin inhibitors. Still, these findings do not fully explain the preferential appearance of SCC on chronically sun-damaged skin. We analyzed the influence of UV radiation on ATF3 expression and its potential role in SCC development. We found that ATF3 is a specifically induced AP1 member in SCC of transplanted patients. Its expression was strongly potentiated by combination of cyclosporine A and UVA treatment. UVA induced ATF3 expression through reactive oxygen species-mediated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activation independently of calcineurin/NFAT inhibition. Activated NRF2 directly binds to ATF3 promoter, thus inducing its expression. These results demonstrate two mechanisms that independently induce and, when combined together, potentiate the expression of ATF3, which may then force SCC development. Taking into account the previously defined role of ATF3 in the SCC development, these findings may provide an explanation and a mechanism for the frequently observed burden on SCCs on sun-exposed areas of the skin in organ transplant recipients treated by calcineurin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr J Dziunycz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Karine Lefort
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Johannes Neu
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Djerbi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gian-Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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