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Yang J, Zhai Y, Huang C, Xiang Z, Liu H, Wu J, Huang Y, Liu L, Li W, Wang W, Yang J, Zhang J. RP105 Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Myocardium via Activation of the Lyn/Syk/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2024; 47:1371-1385. [PMID: 38568415 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Although our previous studies have established the crucial role of RP105 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), its involvement in regulating oxidative stress induced by MI/RI remains unclear. To investigate this, we conducted experiments using a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Adenovirus carrying RP105 was injected apically at multiple points, and after 72 h, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion. In vitro experiments were performed on H9C2 cells, which were transfected with recombinant adenoviral vectors for 48 h, subjected to 4 h of hypoxia, and then reoxygenated for 2 h. We measured oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, using a microplate reader. The fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in myocardial tissue was measured using a DHE probe. We also investigated the upstream and downstream components of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Upregulation of RP105 increased SOD and GSH-Px activities, reduced MDA concentration, and inhibited ROS production in response to I/R injury in vivo and hypoxia reoxygenation (H/R) stimulation in vitro. The overexpression of RP105 led to a decrease in the myocardial enzyme LDH in serum and cell culture supernatant, as well as a reduction in infarct size. Additionally, left ventricular fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (LVFS) were improved in the RP105 overexpression group compared to the control. Upregulation of RP105 promoted the expression of Lyn and Syk and further activated STAT phosphorylation, which was blocked by PP2 (a Lyn inhibitor). Our findings suggest that RP105 can inhibit MI/RI-induced oxidative stress by activating STAT3 via the Lyn/Syk signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Yuhong Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Cuiyuan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Zujin Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Haiyin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China.
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443000, China.
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Zhu J, Cheng W, He TT, Hou BL, Lei LY, Wang Z, Liang YN. Exploring the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Tryptanthrin by Regulating TLR4/MyD88/ROS/NF-κB, JAK/STAT3, and Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:30904-30918. [PMID: 39035974 PMCID: PMC11256115 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Tryptanthrin (TRYP) is the main active ingredient in Indigo Naturalis. Studies have shown that TRYP had excellent anti-inflammatory activity, but its specific mechanism has been unclear. In this work, the differentially expressed proteins resulting from TRYP intervention in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were obtained based on tandem mass tag proteomics technology. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of TRYP was further validated by a combination of experiments using the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell model in vitro and the DSS-induced UC mouse model (free drinking 2.5% DSS) in vivo. The results demonstrated that TRYP could inhibit levels of NO, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Twelve differential proteins were screened out. And the results indicated that TRYP could inhibit upregulated levels of gp91phox, p22phox, FcεRIγ, IKKα/β, and p-IκBα and reduce ROS levels in vitro. Besides, after TRYP treatment, the health conditions of colitis mice were all improved. Furthermore, TRYP inhibited the activation of JAK/STAT3, nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and promoted the nuclear expression of Nrf2 in vitro and in vivo. This work preliminarily indicated that TRYP might suppress the TLR4/MyD88/ROS/NF-κB and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, TRYP could achieve antioxidant effects by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation
Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi
& Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development
of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation
Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi
& Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development
of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
| | - Tian-Tian He
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation
Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi
& Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development
of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
| | - Bao-Long Hou
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation
Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi
& Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development
of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
| | - Li-Yan Lei
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation
Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi
& Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development
of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation
Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi
& Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development
of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
| | - Yan-Ni Liang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation
Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi
& Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development
of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
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Cao X, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Li Y, Gao L, Wang X, Sun L. Identification of critical mitochondrial hub gene for facial nerve regeneration. Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 102:179-193. [PMID: 38086039 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2023-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in nerve regeneration, yet the impact of gene expression changes related to mitochondria in facial nerve regeneration remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed the expression profile of the facial motor nucleus (FMN) using data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE162977). By comparing different time points in the data, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Additionally, we collected mitochondria-related genes from the Gene Ontology (GO) database and intersected them with the DEGs, resulting in the identification of mitochondria-related DEGs (MIT-DEGs). To gain further insights, we performed functional enrichment and pathway analysis of the MIT-DEGs. To explore the interactions among these MIT-DEGs, we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using the STRING database and identified hub genes using the Degree algorithm of Cytoscape software. To validate the relevance of these genes to nerve regeneration, we established a rat facial nerve injury (FNI) model and conducted a series of experiments. Through these experiments, we confirmed three MIT-DEGs (Myc, Lyn, and Cdk1) associated with facial nerve regeneration. Our findings provide valuable insights into the transcriptional changes of mitochondria-related genes in the FMN following FNI, which can contribute to the development of new treatment strategies for FNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Cao
- Department of Dentistry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Dentistry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Dentistry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Dentistry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Department of Dentistry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Xue YT, Li S, Jiang XY, Xin M, Li HH, Yu GL, He XX, Li CX. The reason and mechanism of propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate (PSS) mediated allergic side effect. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124638. [PMID: 37119889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate (PSS) is a heparinoid polysaccharide drug used in clinic for >30 years in China. But its allergy events happened from time to time and should not be ignored. Here, ammonium salt in PSS (PSS-NH4+), PSS fractions with high Mw (PSS-H-Mw) and low mannuronic acid (M) to guluronic acid (G) ratio (PSS-L-M/G) were found to induce allergic response by the structure-activity and impurity-activity relationships in vitro. Furthermore, we confirmed the reason and elucidated the mechanism accounted for allergic side effect of PSS in vivo. It was found that high IgE levels in PSS-NH4+ and PSS-H-Mw groups upregulate the cascade expression of Lyn-Syk-Akt or Erk and second messenger Ca2+, which accelerated mast cells (MCs) degranulation to release histamine, LTB4, TPS, and finally induced lung tissue injury. PSS-L-M/G caused mild allergic symptom because it only enhanced the expression of p-Lyn and histamine release. In brief, PSS-NH4+ and PSS-H-Mw were main reasons to result in allergic response. Our results suggested that it is very necessary to control the range of Mw and the content of impurities (< 1 % ammonium salt) of PSS to guarantee its safety and effectiveness in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Xue
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xin-Yang Jiang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Meng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hai-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guang-Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Xi He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chun-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
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Xu W, Song X, Qu Q, Gong Z, Xiao W. Synergistic effects of L-theanine and epigallocatechin gallate in alleviating ovalbumin allergy by regulating intestinal immunity through inhibition of mast cell degranulation. Food Funct 2023; 14:2059-2073. [PMID: 36727615 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03404b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ovalbumin (OVA), a commonly consumed food protein, can cause severe allergies and intestinal immune disorders. L-Theanine (LTA) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) regulate intestinal immunity. However, it is unclear whether an LTA and EGCG combined intervention can alleviate OVA allergy (OVA-A) by modulating intestinal-specific immunity, and it is unknown whether there is a synergistic effect between LTA and EGCG. Therefore, we treated BALB/c OVA-sensitized mice with LTA, EGCG, or a combination of both (LTA + EGCG) to investigate the effects of LTA and EGCG on intestinal-specific immunity regulation and underlying mechanisms. Female mice were intraperitoneally injected with OVA to establish OVA-sensitive mouse models. MLEO LTA + EGCG (20 mg kg-1 d-1 LTA + 80 mg kg-1 d-1 EGCG) and HLEO (30 mg kg-1 d-1 LTA + 120 mg kg-1 d-1 EGCG) exerted more beneficial effects on alleviating OVA-A (weight gain, allergy score, jejunum structure, mast cell [MC] degranulation, thymus and spleen indices) than LTA or EGCG alone (p < 0.01). Based on the alleviation of OVA-A by LTA + EGCG, we selected MLEO mice for 16S rDNA, flow cytometry, and western blot analyses. The 16S rDNA results showed that MLEO increased the abundance of Lactobacillaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae, and decreased that of Helicobacteraceae (p < 0.01). The flow cytometry and western blotting results indicated that MLEO reduced the number of dendritic cells available to capture OVA, thereby lowering the Th2 immune response and decreasing the IL-4 and IL-13 levels. Meanwhile, the attenuation of the Th2 immune response inhibits the cross-linking of OVA and FcεRI, thus reducing MC degranulation and decreasing the serum HIS and mMCPT-1 levels through the FcεRI/Btk/PLCγ signaling pathway. LTA + EGCG also inhibits the Th2 immune response through the FcεRI/Lyn/Syk/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and decreases the serum IL-4 and IL-13 levels. Notably, LTA + EGCG promotes the Treg and Th1 immune responses and inhibits the Th17 immune response, altering the levels of the corresponding cytokines. Therefore, LTA + EGCG can synergistically alleviate OVA-A by regulating intestinal immunity through MC degranulation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. .,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, China.,Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xianying Song
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. .,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, China.,Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Qingyun Qu
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. .,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, China.,Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Zhihua Gong
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. .,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, China.,Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. .,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, China.,Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
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The Distinct Effects of the Mitochondria-Targeted STAT3 Inhibitors Mitocur-1 and Mitocur-3 on Mast Cell and Mitochondrial Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021471. [PMID: 36674987 PMCID: PMC9865224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that mitochondria and mitochondrial STAT3 are involved in the activation of mast cells. The mitochondria-targeted curcuminoids Mitocur-1 and Mitocur-3 have been suggested to reduce antigen-dependent mast cell activation by inhibiting mitochondrial STAT3. The aim of the current work was to investigate the mechanisms of action of these mitocurcuminoids on mast cells and mitochondrial functions. The pretreatment of rat basophilic leukemia cells RBL-2H3 with Mitocur-1 and Mitocur-3 decreased antigen-dependent degranulation but did not affect spontaneous degranulation. Both compounds caused mitochondrial fragmentation and increased mitochondrial ROS. Inhibition of Drp1 prevented mitochondrial fragmentation induced by Mitocur-3 but not by Mitocur-1. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine inhibited mitochondrial fission induced by Mitocur-1 but not Mitocur-3. Mitochondrial fragmentation caused by Mitocur-3 but not Mitocur-1 was accompanied by activation of Drp1 and AMPK. These data suggest a distinct mechanism of action of mitocurcuminoids on the mitochondria of RBL-2H3 cells: Mitocur-3 stimulated AMPK and caused Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation, while Mitocur-1-induced mitochondrial fission was ROS-dependent. This difference may contribute to the higher toxicity of Mitocur-3 compared to Mitocur-1. The findings contribute to further drug development for inflammatory and allergic diseases.
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Abstract
Mast cells originate from the CD34+/CD117+ hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow, migrate into circulation, and ultimately mature and reside in peripheral tissues. Microbiota/metabolites and certain immune cells (e.g., Treg cells) play a key role in maintaining immune tolerance. Cross-linking of allergen-specific IgE on mast cells activates the high-affinity membrane-bound receptor FcεRI, thereby initiating an intracellular signal cascade, leading to degranulation and release of pro-inflammatory mediators. The intracellular signal transduction is intricately regulated by various kinases, transcription factors, and cytokines. Importantly, multiple signal components in the FcεRI-mast cell–mediated allergic cascade can be targeted for therapeutic purposes. Pharmacological interventions that include therapeutic antibodies against IgE, FcεRI, and cytokines as well as inhibitors/activators of several key intracellular signaling molecues have been used to inhibit allergic reactions. Other factors that are not part of the signal pathway but can enhance an individual’s susceptibility to allergen stimulation are referred to as cofactors. Herein, we provide a mechanistic overview of the FcεRI-mast cell–mediated allergic signaling. This will broaden our scope and visions on specific preventive and therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of mast cell–associated hypersensitivity reactions.
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A novel strategy for the discovery and validation of allergic component and its action mechanism in Red Ginseng. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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McCarty MF, Lerner A, DiNicolantonio JJ, Benzvi C. Nutraceutical Aid for Allergies - Strategies for Down-Regulating Mast Cell Degranulation. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:1257-1266. [PMID: 34737578 PMCID: PMC8558634 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s332307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of antigens with the mast cell FcεRI-IgE receptor complex induce degranulation and boost synthesis of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators and cytokines. Activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) functions as a central hub in this signaling. The tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 opposes Syk activity; stimulation of NADPH oxidase by FcεRI activation results in the production of oxidants that reversibly inhibit SHP-1, up-regulating the signal from Syk. Activated AMPK can suppress Syk activation by the FcεRI receptor, possibly reflecting its ability to phosphorylate the FcεRI beta subunit. Cyclic GMP, via protein kinase G II, enhances the activity of SHP-1 by phosphorylating its C-terminal region; this may explain its inhibitory impact on mast cell activation. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) likewise opposes mast cell activation; H2S can boost AMPK activity, up-regulate cGMP production, and trigger Nrf2-mediated induction of Phase 2 enzymes - including heme oxygenase-1, whose generation of bilirubin suppresses NADPH oxidase activity. Phycocyanobilin (PCB), a chemical relative of bilirubin, shares its inhibitory impact on NADPH oxidase, rationalizing reported anti-allergic effects of PCB-rich spirulina ingestion. Phase 2 inducer nutraceuticals can likewise oppose the up-regulatory impact of NADPH oxidase on FcεRI signaling. AMPK can be activated with the nutraceutical berberine. High-dose biotin can boost cGMP levels in mast cells via direct stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase. Endogenous generation of H2S in mast cells can be promoted by administering N-acetylcysteine and likely by taurine, which increases the expression of H2S-producing enzymes in the vascular system. Mast cell stabilization by benifuuki green tea catechins may reflect the decreased surface expression of FcεRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - James J DiNicolantonio
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Advanced Ingredients for Dietary Products, AIDP, City of Industry, CA, USA
| | - Carina Benzvi
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Chen L, Wang Y, Lu X, Zhang L, Wang Z. miRNA-7062-5p Promoting Bone Resorption After Bone Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Through Inhibiting GPR65. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:681968. [PMID: 34485279 PMCID: PMC8416178 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is positively associated with a poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC always leads to osteolytic change, which is regulated by aberrant activation of osteoclasts. MicroRNAs are remarkedly involved in metastasis of CRC; however, their role in bone metastasis of CRC is still unclear. The aim of this study is to find key microRNAs that are critical to bone resorption in bone metastasis of CRC. In this study, bone metastasis model was established through intratibially injecting CT-26 cells or MC-38 cells. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed to explore the osteoclastogenesis of primary early osteoclast precursors (OCPs) after stimulation by CT-26 conditioned medium (CM). Then, microarray assay was performed to find differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs. The target gene of miRNA was confirmed by dual-luciferase analysis. The effect of miRNA, its target gene on osteoclastogenesis, and involved pathways were explored by Western blot, immunofluorescence analysis, and TRAP staining. Finally, the effect of miRNA on bone resorption in vivo was observed. miRNA-7062-5p was upregulated in early OCPs cultured in CT-26 CM or MC-38 CM. GPR65 was proven to be the target gene of miRNA-7062-5p. Overexpression of GPR65 can rescue the osteoclastogenesis caused by miRNA-7062-5p through activation of AMPK pathway. Local injection of miRNA-7062-5p inhibitors efficiently improved the bone resorption. Our study found the role of miRNA-7062-5p in regulating osteoclast formation, and our findings provided a potential therapeutic target in treatment of bone metastasis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingchen Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Military Psychology, College of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang C, Li L, Jiang J, Li L, Li J, Xu C, Jin S, Zhu L, Yan G. Pterostilbene Inhibits FcεRI Signaling through Activation of the LKB1/AMPK Pathway in Allergic Response. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3456-3465. [PMID: 32096633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the role and mechanism of pterostilbene (Pts) in mast cell degranulation in vitro and in vivo were investigated. The results showed that Pts inhibited mast cell-mediated local passive allergic reactions in mice. In addition, treatment with Pts reduced both histamine release and calcium influx in rat peritoneal mast cells and RBL-2H3 cells and reduced IgE-mediated mast cell activation. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying Pts inhibition of mast cell signaling was probed via studying the effects of Pts on liver kinase B1 (LKB1), including the use of the LKB1 activator metformin and siRNA knockdown of LKB1. The data showed that Pts reduced the release of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, leukotriene C4, and prostaglandin D2 in mast cells by activating the LKB1/adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, Pts inhibited phosphorylation of FcεRI and FcεRI-mediated degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells. These effects were attenuated after LKB1 knockdown. Taken together, Pts could inhibit FcεRI signaling through activation of the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway in IgE-mediated mast cell activation. Thus, Pts might be an effective therapeutic agent for mast cell-mediated allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
| | - Liangchang Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhi Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
| | - Shan Jin
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
| | - Lianhua Zhu
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
| | - Guanghai Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
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12
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Tussilagone inhibits allergic responses in OVA-induced allergic rhinitis guinea pigs and IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. Fitoterapia 2020; 144:104496. [PMID: 32058052 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Farfarae Flos is the dried flower buds of Tussilago farfara L. which is widely used to treat allergic and inflammatory diseases in Chinese folk. Tussilagone (TSL), a sesquiterpene compound purified from Farfarae Flos, has been confirmed the main active component in the plant. However, its anti-allergic activity hasn't been reported yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-allergic effect of TSL in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) guinea pigs and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. The AR symptoms such as nasal scratching, sneezing and runny nose were scored and the histological changes of nasal mucosa were observed by H&E staining. The levels of histamine, OVA-specific IgE, IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum were measured by ELISA. In IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells, the phosphoryration of Lyn, Syk, Akt, NF-κB p65, ERK and p38 MAPK were investigated by western blot analysis. The results showed that intraperitoneal injection of TSL at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg significantly alleviated the allergic symptoms and the histological changes of nasal mucosa in OVA-induced allergic rhinitis guinea pigs. Moreover, the levels of histamine, IgE and IL-6 in the serum decreased significantly (p < .05). In vitro, TSL suppressed the phosphorylation of Lyn, Syk, Akt, NF-κB p65, ERK and p38 MAPK in IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. These results indicate TSL has therapeutic effect on allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs. The anti-allergic mechanism may be through the inhibition of allergic and inflammatory related pathways in mast cells.
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Qian F, Zhang L, Lu S, Mao G, Guo F, Liu P, Xu J, Li Y. Scrodentoid A Inhibits Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Response by Blocking the Lyn-FcεRIβ Interaction. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1103. [PMID: 31156646 PMCID: PMC6532554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mast cells are considered an attractive therapeutic target for treating allergic diseases, and the Lyn–FcεRIβ interaction is essential for mast cell activation. This study investigated the antiallergic effect of scrodentoid A (SA) on mast cells and mast cell–mediated anaphylaxis. Methods: For in vitro experiments, mast cells were treated with SA. Cell proliferation was tested using the XTT assay. The mRNA expression of various cytokines and chemokines was measured using qPCR. The levels of histamine, eicosanoids (PGD2, LTC4), and cytokines were measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. Signaling was investigated using Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. For in vivo experiments, the antiallergic activity of SA was evaluated using two mouse models of passive anaphylaxis as passive cutaneous and systemic anaphylaxis. The mechanism was investigated through immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Results: SA considerably inhibited immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated mast cell activation, including β-hexosaminidase release, mRNA and protein expression of various cytokines, and PGD2 and LTC4 release. Oral administration of SA effectively and dose-dependently suppressed mast cell–mediated passive cutaneous and systemic anaphylaxis. SA significantly attenuated the activation of Lyn, Syk, LAT, PLCγ, JNK, Erk1/2, and Ca2+ mobilization without Fyn, Akt, and P38 activation by blocking the Lyn–FcεRIβ interaction. Conclusions: SA suppresses mast cell–mediated allergic response by blocking the Lyn–FcεRIβ interaction in vitro and in vivo. SA may be a promising therapeutic agent for allergic and other mast cell–related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qian
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuqiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaodong Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaohui Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fujiang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinwen Xu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Schweig JE, Yao H, Beaulieu-Abdelahad D, Ait-Ghezala G, Mouzon B, Crawford F, Mullan M, Paris D. Alzheimer's disease pathological lesions activate the spleen tyrosine kinase. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:69. [PMID: 28877763 PMCID: PMC5588676 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by dystrophic neurites (DNs) surrounding extracellular Aβ-plaques, microgliosis, astrogliosis, intraneuronal tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation. We have previously shown that inhibition of the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) lowers Aβ production and tau hyperphosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that Aβ-overexpressing Tg PS1/APPsw, Tg APPsw mice, and tau overexpressing Tg Tau P301S mice exhibit a pathological activation of Syk compared to wild-type littermates. Syk activation is occurring in a subset of microglia and is age-dependently increased in Aβ-plaque-associated dystrophic neurites of Tg PS1/APPsw and Tg APPsw mice. In Tg Tau P301S mice, a pure model of tauopathy, activated Syk occurs in neurons that show an accumulation of misfolded and hyperphosphorylated tau in the cortex and hippocampus. Interestingly, the tau pathology is exacerbated in neurons that display high levels of Syk activation supporting a role of Syk in the formation of tau pathological species in vivo. Importantly, human AD brain sections show both pathological Syk activation in DNs around Aβ deposits and in neurons immunopositive for pathological tau species recapitulating the data obtained in transgenic mouse models of AD. Additionally, we show that Syk overexpression leads to increased tau accumulation and promotes tau hyperphosphorylation at multiple epitopes in human neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells, further supporting a role of Syk in the formation of tau pathogenic species. Collectively, our data show that Syk activation occurs following Aβ deposition and the formation of tau pathological species. Given that we have previously shown that Syk activation also promotes Aβ formation and tau hyperphosphorylation, our data suggest that AD pathological lesions may be self-propagating via a Syk dependent mechanism highlighting Syk as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Kido K, Yokokawa T, Ato S, Sato K, Fujita S. Effect of resistance exercise under conditions of reduced blood insulin on AMPKα Ser485/491 inhibitory phosphorylation and AMPK pathway activation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R110-R119. [PMID: 28515080 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00063.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin stimulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake via activation of the protein kinase B/Akt (Akt) pathway. Recent studies suggest that insulin downregulates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity via Ser485/491 phosphorylation of the AMPK α-subunit. Thus lower blood insulin concentrations may induce AMPK signal activation. Acute exercise is one method to stimulate AMPK activation; however, no study has examined the relationship between blood insulin levels and acute resistance exercise-induced AMPK pathway activation. Based on previous findings, we hypothesized that the acute resistance exercise-induced AMPK pathway activation would be augmented by disruptions in insulin secretion through a decrease in AMPKα Ser485/491 inhibitory phosphorylation. To test the hypothesis, 10-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered the toxin streptozotocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg) to destroy the insulin secreting β-cells. Three days postinjection, the right gastrocnemius muscle from STZ and control rats was subjected to resistance exercise by percutaneous electrical stimulation. Animals were killed 0, 1, or 3 h later; activation of the Akt/AMPK and downstream pathways in the muscle tissue was analyzed by Western blotting and real-time PCR. Notably, STZ rats showed a significant decrease in basal Akt and AMPKα Ser485/491 phosphorylation, but substantial exercise-induced increases in both AMPKα Thr172 and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) Ser79 phosphorylation were observed. Although no significant impact on resistance exercise-induced Akt pathway activation or glucose uptake was found, resistance exercise-induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α) gene expression was augmented by STZ treatment. Collectively, these data suggest that circulating insulin levels may regulate acute resistance exercise-induced AMPK pathway activation and AMPK-dependent gene expression relating to basal AMPKα Ser485/491 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kido
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takumi Yokokawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and
| | - Satoru Ato
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Koji Sato
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan;
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Kim YY, Je IG, Kim MJ, Kang BC, Choi YA, Baek MC, Lee B, Choi JK, Park HR, Shin TY, Lee S, Yoon SB, Lee SR, Khang D, Kim SH. 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid attenuates mast cell-mediated allergic reaction in mice via modulation of the FcεRI signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:90-99. [PMID: 27890918 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are important effector cells in immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated allergic reactions such as asthma, atopic dermatitis and rhinitis. Vanillic acid, a natural product, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we investigated the anti-allergic inflammatory effects of ortho-vanillic acid (2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid, o-VA) that was a derivative of vanillic acid isolated from Amomum xanthioides. In mouse anaphylaxis models, oral administration of o-VA (2, 10, 50 mg/kg) dose-dependently attenuated ovalbumin-induced active systemic anaphylaxis and IgE-mediated cutaneous allergic reactions such as hypothermia, histamine release, IgE production and vasodilation; administration of o-VA also suppressed the mast cell degranulator compound 48/80-induced anaphylaxis. In cultured mast cell line RBL-2H3 and isolated rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro, pretreatment with o-VA (1-100 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited DNP-HSA-induced degranulation of mast cells by decreasing the intracellular free calcium level, and suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-4. Pretreatment of RBL-2H3 cells with o-VA suppressed DNP-HSA-induced phosphorylation of Lyn, Syk, Akt, and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB. In conclusion, o-VA suppresses the mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory response by blocking the signaling pathways downstream of high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on the surface of mast cells.
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The cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 prevents neuroendocrine differentiation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2016; 19:248-57. [PMID: 27324222 PMCID: PMC5411672 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2016.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation represents a common feature of prostate cancer and is associated with accelerated disease progression and poor clinical outcome. Nowadays, there is no treatment for this aggressive form of prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 (WIN, a non-selective cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor agonist) on the NE differentiation of prostate cancer cells. METHODS: NE differentiation of prostate cancer LNCaP cells was induced by serum deprivation or by incubation with interleukin-6, for 6 days. Levels of NE markers and signaling proteins were determined by western blotting. Levels of cannabinoid receptors were determined by quantitative PCR. The involvement of signaling cascades was investigated by pharmacological inhibition and small interfering RNA. RESULTS: The differentiated LNCaP cells exhibited neurite outgrowth, and increased the expression of the typical NE markers neuron-specific enolase and βIII tubulin (βIII Tub). Treatment with 3 μM WIN inhibited NK differentiation of LNCaP cells. The cannabinoid WIN downregulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, resulting in NE differentiation inhibition. In addition, an activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was observed in WIN-treated cells, which correlated with a decrease in the NE markers expression. Our results also show that during NE differentiation the expression of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 dramatically decreases. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, we demonstrate that PI3K/Akt/AMPK might be an important axis modulating NE differentiation of prostate cancer that is blocked by the cannabinoid WIN, pointing to a therapeutic potential of cannabinoids against NE prostate cancer.
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