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Mellone NG, Silva MT, Paglia MDG, Lopes LC, Barberato-Filho S, Del Fiol FDS, Bergamaschi CDC. Kawasaki Disease and the Use of the Rotavirus Vaccine in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1075. [PMID: 31616298 PMCID: PMC6768949 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The vaccine against the rotavirus is an effective measure in reducing hospitalizations and mortality caused by the virus. However, its use can result in serious adverse effects. The available evidence on Kawasaki disease has not yet been reported in the literature. This study investigated the risk of developing Kawasaki disease with the use of rotavirus vaccines in children. Methods: This is a systematic review of data collected from studies retrieved on the following databases: Cochrane, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, HealthSTAR, Lilacs, Clinical trial.gov, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, up to the 15th of August 2018, with no restrictions on language or date of publication. The outcomes measured were incidence of Kawasaki disease, risk of developing the disease, and rate of discontinuation of the vaccination schedule. Four reviewers independently selected the studies, performed data extraction, and assessed the quality of evidence. A meta-analysis of random effects was performed. Results: A total of 13 publications were included, with a population of 164,434 children included in the meta-analysis. The incidence of Kawasaki disease (24 cases per 100,000, 95% CI = 11.98-48.26) in the vaccinated children was low. No difference between the vaccines was found in the prevalence rate of adverse effects (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 0.41-5.93). Use of the vaccines was not associated with risk of developing Kawasaki disease (low-quality evidence). None of the studies reported the rate of discontinuation of the vaccination schedule. Conclusions: The vaccines were associated with a low incidence of developing Kawasaki disease, showing no association with this serious adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luciane Cruz Lopes
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Course, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
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Felicetti P, Trotta F, Bonetto C, Santuccio C, Brauchli Pernus Y, Burgner D, Chandler R, Girolomoni G, Hadden RDM, Kochhar S, Kucuku M, Monaco G, Ozen S, Pahud B, Phuong L, Bachtiar NS, Teeba A, Top K, Varricchio F, Wise RP, Zanoni G, Živkovic S, Bonhoeffer J. Spontaneous reports of vasculitis as an adverse event following immunization: A descriptive analysis across three international databases. Vaccine 2015; 34:6634-6640. [PMID: 26392009 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasculitides have been reported as adverse events following immunization (AEFI) following various vaccines. We describe reports of vasculitis to three international spontaneous reporting systems. METHODS All spontaneous reports of vasculitis following immunization between January 2003 and June 2014 were retrieved from Eudravigilance (EV), the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), and VigiBase®. A Standard MedDRA Query (SMQ) for vasculitis was used and vaccine types were categorized using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system. We performed a descriptive analysis by source, sex, age, country, time to onset, vaccine, and type of vasculitis. RESULTS We retrieved 1797 reports of vasculitis in EV, 1171 in VAERS, and 2606 in VigiBase®. Vasculitis was predominantly reported in children aged 1-17 years, and less frequently in the elderly (>65 years). The generic term "vasculitis" was the most frequently reported AEFI in this category across the three databases (range 21.9% to 27.5% of all reported vasculitis for vaccines). For the more specific terms, Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura (HSP) was most frequently reported, (19.1% on average), followed by Kawasaki disease (KD) (16.1% on average) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) (9.2% on average). Less frequently reported subtypes were cutaneous vasculitis (CuV), vasculitis of the central nervous system (CNS-V), and Behcet's syndrome (BS). HSP, PMR and CuV were more frequently reported with influenza vaccines: on average in 29.3% for HSP reports, 61.5% for PMR reports and in 39.2% for CuV reports. KD was reported with pneumococcal vaccines in 32.0% of KD reports and with rotavirus vaccines in more than 20% of KD reports. BS was most frequently reported after hepatitis and HPV vaccines and CNS-V after HPV vaccines. CONCLUSION Similar reporting patterns of vasculitides were observed in different databases. Implementation of standardized case definitions for specific vasculitides could improve overall data quality and comparability of reports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - David Burgner
- Monash Children's Hospital-Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI) - Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne University, Australia
| | | | - Giampiero Girolomoni
- University of Verona, Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Merita Kucuku
- Department of Vaccines Control, National Agency for Medicine & Medical Devices, Tirana, Albania
| | - Giuseppe Monaco
- Centre for Pharmacovigilance, The Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
| | - Seza Ozen
- Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Linny Phuong
- Monash Children's and Royal Children's Hospitals, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Amina Teeba
- Centre National Anti Poison et de Pharmacovigilance, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Karina Top
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | - Giovanna Zanoni
- Immunology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Saša Živkovic
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Neurology service, MSL, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jan Bonhoeffer
- University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Brighton Collaboration Foundation, Basel, Switzerland
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Bonetto C, Trotta F, Felicetti P, Alarcón GS, Santuccio C, Bachtiar NS, Brauchli Pernus Y, Chandler R, Girolomoni G, Hadden RDM, Kucuku M, Ozen S, Pahud B, Top K, Varricchio F, Wise RP, Zanoni G, Živković S, Bonhoeffer J. Vasculitis as an adverse event following immunization - Systematic literature review. Vaccine 2015; 34:6641-6651. [PMID: 26398442 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several types of vasculitis have been observed and reported in temporal association with the administration of various vaccines. A systematic review of current evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE This systematic literature review aimed to assess available evidence and current reporting practice of vasculitides as adverse events following immunization (AEFI). METHODS We reviewed the literature from 1st January 1994 to 30th June 2014. This review comprises randomized controlled trials, observational studies, case series, case reports, reviews and comments regardless of vaccine and target population. RESULTS The initial search resulted in the identification of 6656 articles. Of these, 157 articles were assessed for eligibility and 75 studies were considered for analysis, including 6 retrospective/observational studies, 2 randomized controlled trials, 7 reviews, 11 case series, 46 case reports and 3 comments. Most of the larger, higher quality studies found no causal association between vaccination and subsequent development of vasculitis, including several studies on Kawasaki disease and Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis). Smaller case series reported a few cases of vasculitis following BCG and vaccines against influenza and hepatitis. Only 24% of the articles reported using a case definition of vasculitis. CONCLUSIONS Existing literature does not allow establishing a causative link between vaccination and vasculitides. Further investigations were strengthened by the use of standardized case definitions and methods for data collection, analysis and presentation to improve data comparability and interpretation of vasculitis cases following immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giampiero Girolomoni
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Merita Kucuku
- Department of Vaccines Control, National Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices, Tirana, Albania
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Karina Top
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | - Giovanna Zanoni
- Immunology Unit, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Saša Živković
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Jan Bonhoeffer
- Brighton Collaboration Foundation, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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