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Cowal S, Morris JR, Jiménez-Soto E, Philpott SM. Naturally Occurring Vegetation Connectivity Facilitates Ant-Mediated Coffee Berry Borer Removal. INSECTS 2023; 14:869. [PMID: 37999068 PMCID: PMC10672115 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation connectivity is an essential aspect of the habitat complexity that impacts species interactions at local scales. However, agricultural intensification reduces connectivity in agroforestry systems, including coffee agroecosystems, which may hinder the movement of natural enemies and reduce the ecosystem services that they provide. Ants play an important role in regulating the coffee berry borer (CBB), which is the most damaging coffee pest. For arboreal ant communities, the connections between trees are important structures that facilitate ant mobility, resource recruitment, foraging success, and pest control ability. To better understand how connectivity impacts arboreal ants in coffee agroecosystems, we conducted an experiment to assess the impact of artificial (string) and naturally occurring vegetation (vines, leaves, branches) connectivity on Azteca sericeasur behavior on coffee plants. We compared ant activity, resource recruitment, and CBB removal rates across three connectivity treatments connecting coffee plants to A. sericeasur nest trees: vegetation connectivity, string, and control (not connected) treatments. We found higher rates of ant activity, resource recruitment, and CBB removal on plants with naturally occurring vegetation connections to A. sericeasur nest trees. Artificial connectivity (string) increased the rates of resource recruitment and CBB removal but to a lesser extent than vegetation connectivity. Moreover, vegetation connectivity buffered reductions in ant activity with distance from the ant nest tree. These results reinforce how habitat complexity in the form of vegetation connectivity impacts interspecific interactions at the local scale. Our results also suggest that leaving some degree of vegetation connectivity between coffee plants and shade trees can promote ant-mediated biological pest control in coffee systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Cowal
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
| | - Jonathan R. Morris
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Estelí Jiménez-Soto
- Geography, Environmental Science and Policy, School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Stacy M. Philpott
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
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2
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Clifton G, Stark AY, Li C, Gravish N. The bumpy road ahead: the role of substrate roughness on animal walking and a proposed comparative metric. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:307149. [PMID: 37083141 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Outside laboratory conditions and human-made structures, animals rarely encounter flat surfaces. Instead, natural substrates are uneven surfaces with height variation that ranges from the microscopic scale to the macroscopic scale. For walking animals (which we define as encompassing any form of legged movement across the ground, such as walking, running, galloping, etc.), such substrate 'roughness' influences locomotion in a multitude of ways across scales, from roughness that influences how each toe or foot contacts the ground, to larger obstacles that animals must move over or navigate around. Historically, the unpredictability and variability of natural environments has limited the ability to collect data on animal walking biomechanics. However, recent technical advances, such as more sensitive and portable cameras, biologgers, laboratory tools to fabricate rough terrain, as well as the ability to efficiently store and analyze large variable datasets, have expanded the opportunity to study how animals move under naturalistic conditions. As more researchers endeavor to assess walking over rough terrain, we lack a consistent approach to quantifying roughness and contextualizing these findings. This Review summarizes existing literature that examines non-human animals walking on rough terrain and presents a metric for characterizing the relative substrate roughness compared with animal size. This framework can be applied across terrain and body scales, facilitating direct comparisons of walking over rough surfaces in animals ranging in size from ants to elephants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chen Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Gravish
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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3
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Wu M, Cao X, Yang M, Cao X, Guo S. A dataset of ant colonies' motion trajectories in indoor and outdoor scenes to study clustering behavior. Gigascience 2022; 11:6776178. [PMID: 36305606 PMCID: PMC9614923 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The motion and interaction of social insects (such as ants) have been studied by many researchers to understand clustering mechanisms. Most studies in the field of ant behavior have focused only on indoor environments (a laboratory setup), while outdoor environments (natural environments) are still underexplored. Findings In this article, we collect 10 videos of 3 species of ant colonies from different scenes, including 5 indoor and 5 outdoor scenes. We develop an image sequence marking software named VisualMarkData, which enables us to provide annotations of the ants in the videos. (i) It offers comprehensive annotations of states at the individual-target and colony-target levels. (ii) It provides a simple matrix format to represent multiple targets and multiple groups of annotations (along with their IDs and behavior labels). (iii) During the annotation process, we propose a simple and effective visualization that takes the annotation information of the previous frame as a reference, and then a user can simply click on the center point of each target to complete the annotation task. (iv) We develop a user-friendly window-based GUI to minimize labor and maximize annotation quality. In all 5,354 frames, the location information and the identification number of each ant are recorded for a total of 712 ants and 114,112 annotations. Moreover, we provide visual analysis tools to assess and validate the technical quality and reproducibility of our data. Conclusions We provide a large-scale ant dataset with the accompanying annotation software. It is hoped that our work will contribute to a deeper exploration of the behavior of ant colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ming Yang
- School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Shihui Guo
- Correspondence address. School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Binhai Street, Siming District, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, 361005, China. E-mail:
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Padrón DF, Mebert K, Pareja-Mejía D, Bauer A, Fernandes Vasconcelos LD, Correia D, Fernandez Giné GA, Solé M. Living in a mosaic of Brazilian Atlantic Forest and plantations: spatial ecology of five bushmaster Lachesis muta (Viperidae Crotalinae). ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2022.2123860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego F. Padrón
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900 Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Konrad Mebert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900 Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Brazil
- IDECC, Institute of Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation, Via G. Tomasi di Lampedusa 33, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Daniela Pareja-Mejía
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900 Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Arthur Bauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900 Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Laise D. Fernandes Vasconcelos
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900 Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Diego Correia
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900 Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Gastón A. Fernandez Giné
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900 Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Mirco Solé
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900 Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Brazil
- Herpetology Section, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, Bonn 53113, Germany
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5
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An agent-based model shows zombie ants exhibit search behavior. J Theor Biol 2021; 526:110789. [PMID: 34087265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Parasites can alter the behavior of animals. Such alterations could be a byproduct of infection or actively controlled and directed by the parasite. Ants infected with zombie ant fungi (Ophiocordyceps sp.) show behavioral changes culminating in the ant dying while biting into vegetation. To investigate the influence of the parasite on behavioral changes, we created an agent-based model that provides a prediction of how fungal infected ants move before death. The model shows how alterations in movement, such as an increased turning rate, within the normal range of ant behavior, can lead a host from the nest to the underside of a leaf. This demonstrates the simplicity in how such behavioral changes could evolve, as the fungal parasite could benefit from the natural behavior of the host, contesting a hypothesis of highly directed manipulation.
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Clifton GT, Holway D, Gravish N. Uneven substrates constrain walking speed in ants through modulation of stride frequency more than stride length. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:192068. [PMID: 32269814 PMCID: PMC7137955 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.192068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural terrain is rarely flat. Substrate irregularities challenge walking animals to maintain stability, yet we lack quantitative assessments of walking performance and limb kinematics on naturally uneven ground. We measured how continually uneven 3D-printed substrates influence walking performance of Argentine ants by measuring walking speeds of workers from laboratory colonies and by testing colony-wide substrate preference in field experiments. Tracking limb motion in over 8000 videos, we used statistical models that associate walking speed with limb kinematic parameters to compare movement over flat versus uneven ground of controlled dimensions. We found that uneven substrates reduced preferred and peak walking speeds by up to 42% and that ants actively avoided uneven terrain in the field. Observed speed reductions were modulated primarily by shifts in stride frequency instead of stride length (flat R 2: 0.91 versus 0.50), a pattern consistent across flat and uneven substrates. Mixed effect modelling revealed that walking speeds on uneven substrates were accurately predicted based on flat walking data for over 89% of strides. Those strides that were not well modelled primarily involved limb perturbations, including missteps, active foot repositioning and slipping. Together these findings relate kinematic mechanisms underlying walking performance on uneven terrain to ecologically relevant measures under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. T. Clifton
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Behavior and Evolution, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - D. Holway
- Division of Biological Science, Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - N. Gravish
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Behavior and Evolution, University of California, San Diego, USA
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Oberhauser FB, Middleton EJT, Latty T, Czaczkes TJ. Meat ants cut more trail shortcuts when facing long detours. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.205773. [PMID: 31586020 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.205773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Engineered paths increase efficiency and safety but also incur construction and maintenance costs, leading to a trade-off between investment and gain. Such a trade-off is faced by Australian meat ants, which create and maintain vegetation-free trails between nests and food sources, and thus their trails are expected to be constructed selectively. To test this, we placed an artificial obstacle consisting of 300 paper grass blades between a sucrose feeder and the colony, flanked by walls either 10 cm or 80 cm long. To exploit the feeder, ants could detour around the walls or take a direct route by traversing through the obstacle. We found that, when confronted with a long alternative detour, 76% of colonies removed more grass blades and ants were also 60% more likely to traverse the obstacle instead of detouring, with clearing activity favouring higher ant flow or vice versa. An analysis of cut patterns revealed that ants did not cut randomly, but instead concentrated on creating a trail to the food source. Meat ants were thus able to collectively deploy their trail-clearing efforts in a directed manner when detour costs were high, and rapidly established cleared trails to the food source by focusing on completing a central, vertically aligned trail which was then followed by the ants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix B Oberhauser
- Animal Comparative Economics Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany .,Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Eliza J T Middleton
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tanya Latty
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tomer J Czaczkes
- Animal Comparative Economics Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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8
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Automated tracking and analysis of ant trajectories shows variation in forager exploration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13246. [PMID: 31519955 PMCID: PMC6744467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining how ant colonies optimize foraging while mitigating pathogen and predator risks provides insight into how the ants have achieved ecological success. Ants must respond to changing resource conditions, but exploration comes at a cost of higher potential exposure to threats. Fungal infected cadavers surround the main foraging trails of the carpenter ant Camponotus rufipes, offering a system to study how foragers behave given the persistent occurrence of disease threats. Studies on social insect foraging behavior typically require many hours of human labor due to the high density of individuals. To overcome this, we developed deep learning based computer vision algorithms to track foraging ants, frame-by-frame, from video footage shot under the natural conditions of a tropical forest floor at night. We found that most foragers walk in straight lines overlapping the same areas as other ants, but there is a subset of foragers with greater exploration. Consistency in walking behavior may protect most ants from infection, while foragers that explore unique portions of the trail may be more likely to encounter fungal spores implying a trade-off between resource discovery and risk avoidance.
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Bouchebti S, Travaglini RV, Forti LC, Fourcassié V. Dynamics of physical trail construction and of trail usage in the leaf-cutting ant Atta laevigata. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2018.1503197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bouchebti
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Raphael Vacchi Travaglini
- Laboratorio de Insetos Sociais Pragas, UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrònomica de Botucatu, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, P.O. Box 237, 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Forti
- Laboratorio de Insetos Sociais Pragas, UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrònomica de Botucatu, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, P.O. Box 237, 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Vincent Fourcassié
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France
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10
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Frank ET, Hönle PO, Linsenmair KE. Time-optimized path choice in the termite-hunting ant Megaponera analis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.174854. [PMID: 29748213 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.174854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Trail network systems among ants have received a lot of scientific attention because of their various applications in problem solving of networks. Recent studies have shown that ants select the fastest available path when facing different velocities on different substrates, rather than the shortest distance. The progress of decision making by these ants is determined by pheromone-based maintenance of paths, which is a collective decision. However, path optimization through individual decision making remains mostly unexplored. Here, we present the first study of time-optimized path selection via individual decision making by scout ants. Megaponera analis scouts search for termite-foraging sites and lead highly organized raid columns to them. The path of the scout determines the path of the column. Through installation of artificial roads around M. analis nests, we were able to influence the pathway choice of the raids. After road installation, 59% of all recorded raids took place completely or partly on the road, instead of the direct, i.e. distance-optimized, path through grass from the nest to the termites. The raid velocity on the road was more than double that on the grass, and the detour thus saved 34.77±23.01% of the travel time compared with a hypothetical direct path. The pathway choice of the ants was similar to a mathematical model of least time, allowing us to hypothesize the underlying mechanisms regulating the behavior. Our results highlight the importance of individual decision making in the foraging behavior of ants and show a new procedure of pathway optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T Frank
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany .,Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp O Hönle
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - K Eduard Linsenmair
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Freeman BM, Chaves-Campos J. Branch Width and Height Influence the Incorporation of Branches into Foraging Trails and Travel Speed in Leafcutter Ants Atta cephalotes (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:258-264. [PMID: 26830434 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fallen branches are often incorporated into Atta cephalotes (L.) foraging trails to optimize leaf tissue transport rates and economize trail maintenance. Recent studies in lowlands show laden A. cephalotes travel faster across fallen branches than on ground, but more slowly ascending or descending a branch. The latter is likely because (1) it is difficult to travel up or downhill and (2) bottlenecks occur when branches are narrower than preceding trail. Hence, both branch height and width should determine whether branches decrease net travel times, but no study has evaluated it yet. Laden A. cephalotes were timed in relation to branch width and height across segments preceding, accessing, across, and departing a fallen branch in the highlands of Costa Rica. Ants traveled faster on branches than on cleared segments of trunk-trail, but accelerated when ascending or descending the branch-likely because of the absence of bottlenecks during the day in the highlands. Branch size did not affect ant speed in observed branches; the majority of which (22/24) varied from 11 to 120 mm in both height and width (average 66 mm in both cases). To determine whether ants exclude branches outside this range, ants were offered the choice between branches within this range and branches that were taller/wider than 120 mm. Ants strongly preferred the former. Our results indicate that A. cephalotes can adjust their speed to compensate for the difficulty of traveling on branch slopes. More generally, branch size should be considered when studying ant foraging efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Freeman
- Department of Biology, Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT, USA
| | - J Chaves-Campos
- Council on International Educational Exchange, Tropical Ecology and Conservation Study Abroad Program, Monteverde, APDO 43-5655, Costa Rica.
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12
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Cabanes G, van Wilgenburg E, Beekman M, Latty T. Ants build transportation networks that optimize cost and efficiency at the expense of robustness. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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13
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Loreto RG, Elliot SL, Freitas MLR, Pereira TM, Hughes DP. Long-term disease dynamics for a specialized parasite of ant societies: a field study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103516. [PMID: 25133749 PMCID: PMC4136743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have investigated how social insects behave when a parasite is introduced into their colonies. These studies have been conducted in the laboratory, and we still have a limited understanding of the dynamics of ant-parasite interactions under natural conditions. Here we consider a specialized parasite of ant societies (Ophiocordyceps camponoti-rufipedis infecting Camponotus rufipes) within a rainforest. We first established that the parasite is unable to develop to transmission stage when introduced within the host nest. Secondly, we surveyed all colonies in the studied area and recorded 100% prevalence at the colony level (all colonies were infected). Finally, we conducted a long-term detailed census of parasite pressure, by mapping the position of infected dead ants and foraging trails (future hosts) in the immediate vicinity of the colonies over 20 months. We report new dead infected ants for all the months we conducted the census--at an average of 14.5 cadavers/month/colony. Based on the low infection rate, the absence of colony collapse or complete recovery of the colonies, we suggest that this parasite represents a chronic infection in the ant societies. We also proposed a "terminal host model of transmission" that links the age-related polyethism to the persistence of a parasitic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel G. Loreto
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simon L. Elliot
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mayara L. R. Freitas
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thairine M. Pereira
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - David P. Hughes
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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14
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Basari N, Laird-Hopkins BC, Sendova-Franks AB, Franks NR. Trail laying during tandem-running recruitment in the ant Temnothorax albipennis. Naturwissenschaften 2014; 101:549-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-014-1191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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von Beeren C, Lizon à l'Allemand S, Hashim R, Witte V. Collective exploitation of a temporally unpredictable food source: mushroom harvesting by the ant Euprenolepis procera. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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