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da Costa GV, Alves MF, Duarte MO, Caetano APS, Koehler S, Mayer JLS. Apomixis beyond trees in the Brazilian savanna: new insights from the orchid Zygopetalum mackayi. AOB PLANTS 2024; 16:plae037. [PMID: 38993261 PMCID: PMC11237986 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
n the Neotropics, the focus of apomictic studies predominantly centres on trees within the Brazilian savanna, characterized, mostly as sporophytic and facultative, associated with polyploidy and polyembryony. To enhance our understanding of the mechanisms governing apomixis and sexual reproduction in tropical herbaceous plants, we clarify the relationship between apomixis, chromosome counts, and polyembryony in the epiphytic orchid Zygopetalum mackayi, which forms a polyploid complex within rocky outcrops in both the Brazilian savanna and the Atlantic forest. To define embryo origins and describe megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis, we performed manual self-pollinations in first-day flowers of cultivated plants, considering all three cytotypes (2x, 3x, 4x) of this species. Flowers and fruits at different stages were collected to describe the development and morphology of ovules and seeds considering sexual and apomictic processes. As self-pollination treatments resulted in high fruit abortion in diploids, we also examined pollen tube development in aborted flowers and fruits to search for putative anomalies. Megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis occur regularly in all cytotypes. Apomixis is facultative and sporophytic, and associated with polyploid cytotypes, while diploid individuals exclusively engage in sexual reproduction. Polyembryony is caused mainly by the production of adventitious embryos from nucellar cells of triploids and tetraploids, but also by the development of multiple archesporia in all cytotypes. Like other apomictic angiosperms within the Brazilian savanna, our findings demonstrate that apomixis in Z. mackayi relies on pollinators for seed production. We also consider the ecological implications of these apomictic patterns in Z. mackayi within the context of habitat loss and its dependence on pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleicyanne Vieira da Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ferreira Alves
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Oliveira Duarte
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará s/n, 38405-302 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Souza Caetano
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Samantha Koehler
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lischka Sampaio Mayer
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Serna-Sánchez MA, Pérez-Escobar OA, Bogarín D, Torres-Jimenez MF, Alvarez-Yela AC, Arcila-Galvis JE, Hall CF, de Barros F, Pinheiro F, Dodsworth S, Chase MW, Antonelli A, Arias T. Plastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6858. [PMID: 33767214 PMCID: PMC7994851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent phylogenomic analyses based on the maternally inherited plastid organelle have enlightened evolutionary relationships between the subfamilies of Orchidaceae and most of the tribes. However, uncertainty remains within several subtribes and genera for which phylogenetic relationships have not ever been tested in a phylogenomic context. To address these knowledge-gaps, we here provide the most extensively sampled analysis of the orchid family to date, based on 78 plastid coding genes representing 264 species, 117 genera, 18 tribes and 28 subtribes. Divergence times are also provided as inferred from strict and relaxed molecular clocks and birth-death tree models. Our taxon sampling includes 51 newly sequenced plastid genomes produced by a genome skimming approach. We focus our sampling efforts on previously unplaced clades within tribes Cymbidieae and Epidendreae. Our results confirmed phylogenetic relationships in Orchidaceae as recovered in previous studies, most of which were recovered with maximum support (209 of the 262 tree branches). We provide for the first time a clear phylogenetic placement for Codonorchideae within subfamily Orchidoideae, and Podochilieae and Collabieae within subfamily Epidendroideae. We also identify relationships that have been persistently problematic across multiple studies, regardless of the different details of sampling and genomic datasets used for phylogenetic reconstructions. Our study provides an expanded, robust temporal phylogenomic framework of the Orchidaceae that paves the way for biogeographical and macroevolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alejandra Serna-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biología Comparativa, Corporación Para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Cra. 72 A No. 78 B 141, Medellín, Colombia
- Biodiversity, Evolution and Conservation, EAFIT University, Cra. 49, No. 7 sur 50, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Diego Bogarín
- Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica, P. O. Box 302-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica
- Endless Forms Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - María Fernanda Torres-Jimenez
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Astrid Catalina Alvarez-Yela
- Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional (BIOS), Ecoparque Los Yarumos Edificio BIOS, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Juliana E Arcila-Galvis
- Laboratorio de Biología Comparativa, Corporación Para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Cra. 72 A No. 78 B 141, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Climbie F Hall
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa Orquídario Do Estado, Postal 68041, São Paulo, SP, 04045-972, Brasil
| | - Fábio de Barros
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa Orquídario Do Estado, Postal 68041, São Paulo, SP, 04045-972, Brasil
| | - Fábio Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Steven Dodsworth
- School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, University Square, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK
| | | | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London, TW9 3AE, UK
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Tatiana Arias
- Laboratorio de Biología Comparativa, Corporación Para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Cra. 72 A No. 78 B 141, Medellín, Colombia.
- Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional (BIOS), Ecoparque Los Yarumos Edificio BIOS, Manizales, Colombia.
- Tecnológico de Antioquia, Calle 78B NO. 72A - 220, Medellín, Colombia.
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Rabeschini G, Joaquim Bergamo P, Nunes CEP. Meaningful Words in Crowd Noise: Searching for Volatiles Relevant to Carpenter Bees among the Diverse Scent Blends of Bee Flowers. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:444-454. [PMID: 33683547 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory cues constitute one of the most important plant-pollinator communication channels. Specific chemical components can be associated with specific pollinator functional groups due to pollinator-mediated selection on flower volatile (FV) emission. Here, we used multivariate analyses of FV data to detect an association between FVs and the worldwide distributed pollinator group of the carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp.). We compiled FVs of 29 plant species: 9 pollinated by carpenter bees, 20 pollinated by other bee pollinator functional groups. We tested whether FV emission differed between these groups. To rule out any phylogenetic bias in our dataset, we tested FV emission for phylogenetic signal. Finally, using field assays, we tested the attractive function of two FVs found to be associated with carpenter bees. We found no significant multivariate difference between the two plant groups FVs. However, seven FVs (five apocarotenoid terpenoids, one long-chain alkane and one benzenoid) were significantly associated with carpenter bee pollination, thus being "predictor" compounds of pollination by this pollinator functional group. From those, β-ionone and (E)-methyl cinnamate presented the highest indicator values and had their behavioural function assessed in field assays. Phylogenetic signal for FVs emission was weak, suggesting that their emission could result from pollinator-mediated selection. In field assays, the apocarotenoid β-ionone attracted carpenter bees, but also bees from other functional groups. The benzenoid (E)-methyl cinnamate did not attract significant numbers of pollinators. Thus, β-ionone functions as a non-specific bee attractant, while apocarotenoid FVs emerge as consistent indicators of pollination by large food-foraging bees among bee-pollinated flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rabeschini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - Pedro Joaquim Bergamo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil.,Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Carlos E P Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Milet-Pinheiro P, Domingos-Melo A, Olivera JB, Albuquerque NSL, Costa ACG, Albuquerque-Lima S, Silva MFR, Navarro DMAF, Maia ACD, Gundersen LL, Schubert M, Dötterl S, Machado IC. A Semivolatile Floral Scent Marks the Shift to a Novel Pollination System in Bromeliads. Curr Biol 2021; 31:860-868.e4. [PMID: 33338429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Perfume flowers (sensu Vogel1) produce intense scents that function both as attractants and as the sole rewards for pollinators. The scent is collected exclusively by male euglossine bees and used during pre-mating behavior.2-5 Perfume flowers have evolved independently in 15 angiosperm families, with over 1,000 reported species across the Neotropical region.6 Members of Cryptanthus (Bromeliaceae) represent a puzzling exception among perfume flowers, as flowers produce nectar and do not emit a noticeable scent yet still attract euglossine males.7 Here, we studied the pollination ecology of Cryptanthus burle-marxii and decode the chemical communication between its flowers and euglossine males. Field observations revealed euglossine males and hummingbirds as potential pollinators. The bees always contacted anthers/stigma of C. burle-marxii while scraping the petals to obtain chemicals, whereas nectar-seeking hummingbirds normally only contacted the anthers. Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of flower scent samples and bioassays, we identified the diterpene copalol as the only floral scent compound triggering scent-gathering behavior in euglossine males. Unlike euglossine-bee-mediated pollination, hummingbird pollination is ancestral in the Cryptanthus clade, suggesting a case of an ongoing pollinator shift8-10 mediated by the evolution of perfume as a reward. Copalol was previously unknown as a floral scent constituent and represents the heaviest and least-volatile compound known to attract euglossine males. Our study provides the first experimental evidence that semivolatile floral compounds can mediate euglossine bee interactions. Male euglossine pollination in other plant species lacking noticeable floral scents11-13 suggests that semivolatile-mediated pollinator attraction is more widespread than currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Milet-Pinheiro
- Departament of Botany, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Arthur Domingos-Melo
- Departament of Botany, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - João B Olivera
- Departament of Botany, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Nayara S L Albuquerque
- Departament of Botany, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina G Costa
- Departament of Botany, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sinzinando Albuquerque-Lima
- Departament of Botany, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F R Silva
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Daniela M A F Navarro
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Artur C D Maia
- Departament of Systematics and Ecology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Schubert
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Dötterl
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Isabel C Machado
- Departament of Botany, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Neggad A, Benkaci-Ali F, Alsafra Z, Eppe G. Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Coupled to GC/MS for the Analysis of Volatiles of Honeys from Arid and Mediterranean Areas of Algeria. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900267. [PMID: 31419038 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The volatile composition of seven honey samples collected from various regions of Algeria and feeding on different plants have been determined. The Headspace Solid-Phase MicroExtraction (HS-SPME) coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to achieve the purpose. In this work, different parameters of the HS-SPME analytical method were investigated in order to reach maximal sensitivity, and thus to obtain maximum information about the volatile profile of Algerian honey. These parameters include saline medium, HS extraction temperature, and the nature of the fiber used. The results showed a great diversity in the chemical composition, in total 124 compounds from different chemical classes were identified, including compounds found for the first time in honey. The Ascending Hierarchical Classification (AHC) demonstrated the importance of choosing SPME extraction conditions to find volatile compounds, which could be as specific markers of the floral or geographical origin of honey, the latter was optimized in the parameter PDMS-55 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhamid Neggad
- University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis, BP 32 El-Alia, 16111, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Farid Benkaci-Ali
- University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis, BP 32 El-Alia, 16111, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Zouheir Alsafra
- University of Liege, Laboratoire de Spectrometrie de Masse L.S.M, Allee du 6 Août, Bât B6c, 4000, Liege (Sart-Tilman), Belgium
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- University of Liege, Laboratoire de Spectrometrie de Masse L.S.M, Allee du 6 Août, Bât B6c, 4000, Liege (Sart-Tilman), Belgium
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Tao Z, Ren Z, Bernhardt P, Liang H, Li H, Zhao Y, Wang H, Li D. Does reproductive isolation reflect the segregation of color forms in Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames complex (Orchidaceae) in the Chinese Himalayas? Ecol Evol 2018; 8:5455-5469. [PMID: 29938065 PMCID: PMC6010815 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolation between species, or taxa sharing a common lineage, depends primarily on the relative strengths of various reproductive barriers. Previous studies on reproductive isolation between orchids emphasized mechanical and ethological barriers in flowers of species showing food and/or sexual mimicry. In this study, we investigated and quantified a series of prepollination and postpollination barriers between pink and white forms of Spiranthes sinensis sl, a nectar-secreting complex. We generated ML trees based on trnS-G and matK to explore phylogenetic relationships in this species complex. Spiranthes sinensis sl segregated from some other congeners, but the white form constituted a distinct clade in relation to the pink form. The white form secreted 2-Phenylethanol as it is a single-scent compound and was pollinated almost exclusively by native, large-bodied Apis cerana and Bombus species (Apidae). Apis cerana showed a high floral constancy to this form. The scentless, pink form was pollinated primarily by smaller bees in the genera Ceratina (Apidae), and members of the family Halictidae, with infrequent visits by A. cerana and Bombus species. Fruit set and the production of large embryos following interform pollination treatments were significantly lower compared to intraform pollination results for the white form. Our results suggested that pollinator isolation, based on color and scent cues, may result in greater floral constancy in white populations when both forms are sympatric as two different, guilds of pollinators forage selectively preventing or reducing prospective gene flow. Postpollination barriers appear weaker than prepollination barriers but they also play a role in interform isolation, especially in the white form. Our findings suggest that floral color forms in S. sinensis do not represent an unbalanced polymorphism. Interpretations of the evolutionary status of these forms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Bin Tao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Zong‐Xin Ren
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | | | - Huan Liang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Hai‐Dong Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Yan‐Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - De‐Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
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