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Magnon V, Corbara B. When the “satisficing” is the new “fittest”: how a proscriptive definition of adaptation can change our view of cognition and culture. Naturwissenschaften 2022; 109:42. [PMID: 35960360 PMCID: PMC9372954 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-022-01814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Magnon
- University Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Bruno Corbara
- University Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Kraus D, Brandl R, Achilles S, Bendix J, Grigusova P, Larsen A, Pliscoff P, Übernickel K, Farwig N. Vegetation and vertebrate abundance as drivers of bioturbation patterns along a climate gradient. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264408. [PMID: 35245302 PMCID: PMC8896722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioturbators shape their environment with considerable consequences for ecosystem processes. However, both the composition and the impact of bioturbator communities may change along climatic gradients. For burrowing animals, their abundance and composition depend on climatic and other abiotic components, with ants and mammals dominating in arid and semiarid areas, and earthworms in humid areas. Moreover, the activity of burrowing animals is often positively associated with vegetation cover (biotic component). These observations highlight the need to understand the relative contributions of abiotic and biotic components in bioturbation in order to predict soil-shaping processes along broad climatic gradients. In this study, we estimated the activity of animal bioturbation by counting the density of holes and the quantity of bioturbation based on the volume of soil excavated by bioturbators along a gradient ranging from arid to humid in Chile. We distinguished between invertebrates and vertebrates. Overall, hole density (no/ 100 m2) decreased from arid (raw mean and standard deviation for invertebrates: 14 ± 7.8, vertebrates: 2.8 ± 2.9) to humid (invertebrates: 2.8 ± 3.1, vertebrates: 2.2 ± 2.1) environments. However, excavated soil volume did not follow the same clear geographic trend and was 300-fold larger for vertebrates than for invertebrates. The relationship between bioturbating invertebrates and vegetation cover was consistently negative whereas for vertebrates both, positive and negative relationships were determined along the gradient. Our study demonstrates complex relationships between climate, vegetation and the contribution of bioturbating invertebrates and vertebrates, which will be reflected in their impact on ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kraus
- Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Roland Brandl
- Department of Biology, Animal Ecology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Achilles
- Department of Geography, Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Bendix
- Department of Geography, Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paulina Grigusova
- Department of Geography, Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Annegret Larsen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Soil Geography and Landscape, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Patricio Pliscoff
- Department of Ecology and Biodiversity and Institute of Geography, Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kirstin Übernickel
- Department of Geosciences, Earth System Dynamics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Farwig
- Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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