1
|
Prevolnik Rupel V, Divjak M, Zrubka Z, Rencz F, Gulácsi L, Golicki D, Mirowska-Guzel D, Simon J, Brodszky V, Baji P, Závada J, Petrova G, Rotar A, Péntek M. EQ-5D studies in nervous system diseases in eight Central and East European countries: a systematic literature review. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2019; 20:109-117. [PMID: 31098882 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-019-01068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKROUND Guidelines for economic analyses of health care technologies require local input data for reimbursement decisions in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The aim of this study was to systematically review and analyse the available empirical studies using the EQ-5D instrument as a measure of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with neurological diseases. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed up to 1st April 2018 to identify relevant studies in eight selected CEE countries. Original articles reporting on studies of neurological diseases using the EQ-5D instrument were analysed. RESULTS Thirty-six articles, describing the results of 38 samples of patients and a total of 13,005 patients were included in the review. Most studies were from Hungary (44.4%) and none from Romania or Slovakia. EQ-5D utility scores were reported in 33 (91.7%) articles. In multiple sclerosis (MS) being the most represented disease, the average utility scores ranged from 0.49 in Austria to 0.80 in Poland with a weighted average of 0.69. EQ VAS scores for MS ranged from 39 in Czech Republic to 72.0 in Poland, with weighted average of 59.1. MS patients, together with epilepsy and essential tremor patients, estimated their HRQoL among the highest. CONCLUSIONS EQ-5D research activity in neurology has been increasing through the years in studied CEE countries. There are clinical areas with the significant social burden, such as a migraine or meningitis, that are completely lacking data, other areas, such as stroke or epilepsy, with very scarce data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Divjak
- DOBA Business School, Prešernova ulica 1, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Zsombor Zrubka
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., H-1093, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Management, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., Budapest, 1093, Hungary
| | - Fanni Rencz
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., H-1093, Budapest, Hungary
- Premium Postdoctoral Research Programme, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Nádor u. 7, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - László Gulácsi
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., H-1093, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dominik Golicki
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, ul. Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, ul. Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Judit Simon
- Department of Health Economics, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Valentin Brodszky
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., H-1093, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Baji
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., H-1093, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jakub Závada
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Guenka Petrova
- Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexandru Rotar
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Márta Péntek
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., H-1093, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Berger T, Kobelt G, Berg J, Capsa D, Gannedahl M. New insights into the burden and costs of multiple sclerosis in Europe: Results for Austria. Mult Scler 2017. [PMID: 28643599 DOI: 10.1177/1352458517708099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In order to estimate the value of interventions in multiple sclerosis (MS) – where lifetime costs and outcomes cannot be observed – outcome data have to be combined with costs. This requires that cost data be regularly updated. Objectives and Methods: This study is part of a cross-sectional retrospective study in 16 countries collecting data on resource consumption and work capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and prevalent symptoms for patients with MS. Descriptive analyses are presented by level of severity, from the societal perspective, in EUR 2015. Results: A total of 516 patients (mean age, 53 years) participated in Austria; 72% were below retirement age, and of these, 46% were employed. Employment was related to disability, and MS affected productivity at work for 77% of those working. Overall, 94% and 67% of patients experienced fatigue and cognition as a problem. Mean utility and total annual costs were 0.778 and 25,100€ at Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 0–3, 0.579 and 44,100€ at EDSS 4–6.5, and 0.244 and 73,800€ at EDSS 7–9. The mean cost of a relapse was estimated at 2563€. Conclusion: This study illustrates the burden of MS on Austrian patients and provides current data on MS that are important for development of health policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Berger
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rencz F, Gulácsi L, Drummond M, Golicki D, Prevolnik Rupel V, Simon J, Stolk EA, Brodszky V, Baji P, Závada J, Petrova G, Rotar A, Péntek M. EQ-5D in Central and Eastern Europe: 2000-2015. Qual Life Res 2016; 25:2693-2710. [PMID: 27472992 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-016-1375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cost per quality-adjusted life year data are required for reimbursement decisions in many Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. EQ-5D is by far the most commonly used instrument to generate utility values in CEE. This study aims to systematically review the literature on EQ-5D from eight CEE countries. METHODS An electronic database search was performed up to 1 July 2015 to identify original EQ-5D studies from the countries of interest. We analysed the use of EQ-5D with respect to clinical areas, methodological rigor, population norms and value sets. RESULTS We identified 143 studies providing 152 country-specific results with a total sample size of 81,619: Austria (n = 11), Bulgaria (n = 6), Czech Republic (n = 18), Hungary (n = 47), Poland (n = 51), Romania (n = 2), Slovakia (n = 3) and Slovenia (n = 14). Cardiovascular (21 %), neurologic (17 %), musculoskeletal (15 %) and endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (13 %) were the most frequently studied clinical areas. Overall, 112 (78 %) of the studies reported EQ VAS results and 86 (60 %) EQ-5D index scores, of which 27 (31 %) did not specify the applied tariff. Hungary, Poland and Slovenia have population norms. Poland and Slovenia also have a national value set. CONCLUSIONS Increasing use of EQ-5D is observed throughout CEE. The spread of health technology assessment activities in countries seems to be reflected in the number of EQ-5D studies. However, improvement in informed use and methodological quality of reporting is needed. In jurisdictions where no national value set is available, in order to ensure comparability we recommend to apply the most frequently used UK tariff. Regional collaboration between CEE countries should be strengthened.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanni Rencz
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., Budapest, H-1093, Hungary.,Semmelweis University Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Üllői út 26., Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - László Gulácsi
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., Budapest, H-1093, Hungary.
| | - Michael Drummond
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Dominik Golicki
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, ul. Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Judit Simon
- Department of Health Economics, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elly A Stolk
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valentin Brodszky
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., Budapest, H-1093, Hungary
| | - Petra Baji
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., Budapest, H-1093, Hungary
| | - Jakub Závada
- Institute of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Slupi 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Guenka Petrova
- Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexandru Rotar
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Márta Péntek
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., Budapest, H-1093, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stawowczyk E, Malinowski KP, Kawalec P, Moćko P. The indirect costs of multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2015; 15:759-86. [DOI: 10.1586/14737167.2015.1067141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
5
|
Romero M, Arango C, Alvis N, Suarez JC, Duque A. [The cost of treatment of multiple sclerosis in Colombia]. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2011; 14:S48-S50. [PMID: 21839899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate, according to the states of disease (remission or relapse) and her level of progression (EDSS), the cost of treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in Colombia. METHODS From the perspective of the third payer, a cost study of MS was performed using two-way estimation techniques: a) "Top down" to estimate the costs during relapses from clinical registers of 304 patients; b) "bottom-up" to estimate the cost in remission from a questionnaire (Kobelt 2006) applied to 137 patients, located in different regions of Colombia. RESULTS The mean of patient's age was 43,7 years and 73% of those were women. The mean annual cost per patient varied according to the disease phase, finding the highest value in Phase II (EDSS 3 - 5,5) with $ 50.581.216 COP (US$ 25.713) and the lowest one in Phase IV (EDSS 8 - 9,5) with $20.738.845 COP (US$ 10.543). The cost of Disease Modifier Drugs (DMD) represented 91.5% from the medial total annual cost of 1,2 and 3 phases. The participation of DMD was 58%.in the 4 phase. Indirect costs are minimal participation in all phases, except for 4 where increases at the expense of reduced consumption of DMD. Costs associated with the period of relapses of MS are low against the total cost, with an average cost of $ 2,433,182 COP ($ 1.237 USD). DISCUSSION MS in Colombia is a disease with a behavioral pathology "high cost " to the social security system (SGSSS), generated mainly at the expense of their direct costs, which, even without including relapses, an aggregate amount of more than 75 times the annual premium cost of health insurance for Colombia ($ 430,488 COP) in the year under review (2008).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Romero
- Fundación Salutia Centro de investigaciones económicas, de gestión y tecnologías en salud, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Recent clinical studies in multiple sclerosis have provided new data on glatiramer acetate, interferon-beta preparations and natalizumab, which will have important implications for optimising patient care. Once a diagnosis has been made with confidence, early initiation of immunotherapy is warranted because of the presence of continuous inflammatory disease activity. Approval for therapy in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome has been granted to several first-line treatments, and most recently to glatiramer acetate. The utility of systematic frequent MRI monitoring of disease activity and response to therapy is not yet clearly established. Treatment efficacy after initiating therapy at the first demyelinating episode has to be followed carefully and re-evaluated whenever necessary. The occurrence of further relapses, confirmed disability progression or MRI evidence of persistent or aggravated disease activity would be regarded as evidence for an inadequate treatment response. However, limitations of clinical scores in faithfully reflecting disease activity at all times, as well as uncertainties about the discriminatory capacity of surrogate measures such as MRI, need to be clarified before clear-cut recommendations on treatment failure can be advocated. Escalation therapy is reserved for patients presenting with 'aggressive disease', which can be operationally defined as the occurrence of two severe relapses within twelve months, together with either MRI evidence for persistent disease activity or a two-point progression of disability on the EDSS.
Collapse
|
7
|
Prodinger B, Weise AP, Shaw L, Stamm TA. A Delphi study on environmental factors that impact work and social life participation of individuals with multiple sclerosis in Austria and Switzerland. Disabil Rehabil 2009; 32:183-95. [DOI: 10.3109/09638280903071883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
8
|
Hung HF, Chen THH. Probabilistic cost-effectiveness analysis of the long-term effect of universal hepatitis B vaccination: An experience from Taiwan with high hepatitis B virus infection and Hepatitis B e Antigen positive prevalence. Vaccine 2009; 27:6770-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
9
|
Kobelt G, Berg J, Lindgren P, Plesnilla C, Baumhackl U, Berger T, Kolleger H, Vass K. Costs and quality of life of multiple sclerosis in Austria. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2006; 7 Suppl 2:S14-23. [PMID: 17310339 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-006-0382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This cost-of-illness analysis is part of a Europe-wide study on the costs of multiple sclerosis (MS) and is based on information from patients in Austria. The objective was to estimate the costs and quality of life (QOL) related to the level of disease severity and progression. Questionnaires were sent to 2995 patients registered with a nationwide patient organization. Patients were asked to provide details regarding the type of disease, relapses, level of functional disability, resource consumption (medical and non-medical), work absence, sick leave and informal care, as well as QOL. Surveys from a total of 1.019 (34.0%) patients were used in the analysis, of which the mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 50 (12.2) years; 70% of patients were female. Patients with mild disease (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score 0-3) represented 41% of patients, 36% had moderate disease (EDSS score 4-6.5) and 22% had severe disease (EDSS score > or =7). The mean (SD) EDSS score in the sample was 4.4 (2.4), with a mean (SD) utility of 0.55 (0.32). Costs are presented from the societal perspective as well as from the viewpoint of payers of care and invalidity. Mean total annual costs for an average patient in the sample were estimated at euro 40.300 in the societal perspective, whereas payers' costs were estimated at only half of this. Disease-modifying drugs represented a quarter of all costs in the payer perspective, but only 12% of societal costs. For society, the highest cost was the loss of productivity (36%), while payments for this loss (invalidity pensions and sick-leave compensation) accounted for only 21% of total costs to payers. Costs are highly correlated with disease progression, increasing four-fold from early disease to very severe disease (euro 16.000 to euro 63.800). Mean annual costs per patient reported are thus determined by the distribution of disease severity in the sample. Workforce participation decreases from roughly 75% in early disease to less than 10% in the late stages, despite the fact that 70% of patients with an EDSS score of 8 or 9 are still below the official retirement age. Consequently, productivity losses increase over fivefold. In parallel, costs of informal care increase from euro 325 per year at an EDSS score of 0-1 to over euro 20.000 at an EDSS score of 8-9. Hospitalization is very infrequent in early disease, representing less than euro 1.000 for patients with an EDSS score of 0-1, but increases steeply for patients with an EDSS score > or =5. QOL, measured as utility scores, decreases rapidly from almost 0.90 to 0.05 as disability becomes severe. However, the loss of utility is evident at all disease levels. Young patients with an EDSS score of approximately 2 have a utility that is 0.15 lower than matched individuals from the general population. This loss increases to approximately 0.4 for patients over 60 years of age with an average EDSS score of 6.0-6.5. Patients with a recent relapse had lower utility (-0.1) and higher costs (+ euro 4.750).
Collapse
|