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Späni C, Suter T, Derungs R, Ferretti MT, Welt T, Wirth F, Gericke C, Nitsch RM, Kulic L. Reduced β-amyloid pathology in an APP transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease lacking functional B and T cells. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:71. [PMID: 26558367 PMCID: PMC4642668 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Alzheimer’s disease, accumulation and pathological aggregation of amyloid β-peptide is accompanied by the induction of complex immune responses, which have been attributed both beneficial and detrimental properties. Such responses implicate various cell types of the innate and adaptive arm of the immunesystem, both inside the central nervous system, and in the periphery. To investigate the role of the adaptive immune system in brain β-amyloidosis, PSAPP transgenic mice, an established mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, were crossbred with the recombination activating gene-2 knockout (Rag2 ko) mice lacking functional B and T cells. In a second experimental paradigm, aged PSAPP mice were reconstituted with bone marrow cells from either Rag2 ko or wildtype control mice. Results Analyses from both experimental approaches revealed reduced β-amyloid pathology and decreased brain amyloid β-peptide levels in PSAPP mice lacking functional adaptive immune cells. The decrease in brain β-amyloid pathology was associated with enhanced microgliosis and increased phagocytosis of amyloid β-peptide aggregates. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate an impact of the adaptive immunity on cerebral β-amyloid pathology in vivo and suggest an influence on microglia-mediated amyloid β-peptide clearance as a possible underlying mechanism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40478-015-0251-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Koehler NKU, Stransky E, Meyer M, Gaertner S, Shing M, Schnaidt M, Celej MS, Jovin TM, Leyhe T, Laske C, Batra A, Buchkremer G, Fallgatter AJ, Wernet D, Richartz-Salzburger E. Alpha-synuclein levels in blood plasma decline with healthy aging. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123444. [PMID: 25844871 PMCID: PMC4386828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is unequivocal evidence that alpha-synuclein plays a pivotal pathophysiological role in neurodegenerative diseases, and in particular in synucleinopathies. These disorders present with a variable extent of cognitive impairment and alpha-synuclein is being explored as a biomarker in CSF, blood serum and plasma. Considering key events of aging that include proteostasis, alpha-synuclein may not only be useful as a marker for differential diagnosis but also for aging per se. To explore this hypothesis, we developed a highly specific ELISA to measure alpha-synuclein. In healthy males plasma alpha-synuclein levels correlated strongly with age, revealing much lower concentrations in older (avg. 58.1 years) compared to younger (avg. 27.6 years) individuals. This difference between the age groups was enhanced after acidification of the plasmas (p<0.0001), possibly reflecting a decrease of alpha-synuclein-antibody complexes or chaperone activity in older individuals. Our results support the concept that alpha-synuclein homeostasis may be impaired early on, possibly due to disturbance of the proteostasis network, a key component of healthy aging. Thus, alpha-synuclein may be a novel biomarker of aging, a factor that should be considered when analyzing its presence in biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas K U Koehler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Stransky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Gaertner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mona Shing
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martina Schnaidt
- Zentrum für Klinische Transfusionsmedizin, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria S Celej
- Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Biological Chemistry (CIQUIBIC, CONICET), School of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Haya de la Torrey Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Thomas M Jovin
- Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Leyhe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Center of Old Age Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4012 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Laske
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anil Batra
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Buchkremer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Wernet
- Zentrum für Klinische Transfusionsmedizin, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Richartz-Salzburger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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