[Overactive bladder--treatment with antimuscarinic agents]

[Medical therapy of urinary incontinence]

Urinary incontinence has a high prevalence in both men and women. Women suffer predominantly from stress urinary incontinence and men from urge incontinence. Other types of incontinence are less frequent. Stress urinary incontinence is caused by an insufficient urethral closure mechanism and urge incontinence by uninhibited detrusor contractions. Medical treatment is beside other conservative options and operations only one part of the treatment strategy in incontinence. Duloxetine, a serotonine-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is used to treat stress urinary incontinence, can increase activity of the external urethral sphincter and is able to reduce incontinence episodes in up to 64%. Antagonists of muscarinic receptors can reduce urgency, frequency and urge incontinence as well as increase bladder capacity significantly. In Germany, trospium chloride, tolterodine, solifenacin, oxybutynin and propiverine are available to treat urge incontinence. Efficacy of these agents are comparable. However, tolerability is different and side effects, especially dry mouth, often limit their use. None of the agents show ideal efficacy or tolerability in all patients and, therefore, new agents and formulations are currently under clinical investigation.